Abstract: A filament lamp having a filament and an internal lead in which the filament is insulated from contact with the internal lead and prevent from moving during operation to maintain a uniform distribution of light. To this end, the filament lamp includes a luminous tube having an inner wall, and opposing ends on which sealing parts are formed. Multiple filaments are sequentially disposed inside the tube in an axial direction, and internal leads are connected to each filament. An insulating wall is provided along the inner wall of the luminous tube in the axial direction and is disposed around at least one of the multiple filaments. Internal leads running partly parallel to the filaments are positioned between the luminous tube and insulating wall and do not engage the ring supporters of the multiple filaments, which could cause the filaments to move and distribute light in a nonuniform pattern.

Abstract: Ornamental light strings are commonly made of a plurality of miniature light bulbs connected together, often in series, to make a light string. This invention is directed to optimizing the perceived brightness while reducing heat in each bulb. This is a particular problem where resistor bypass circuits are used where a bypass resistor being connected in parallel with at least one of the respective light sources, each respective light source being low wattage and being capable operating on a one hundred percent duty cycle as desired. Improvements are accomplished by changes in placement of the filament, its windings and materials.

Abstract: What is described is are two techniques to improve the efficiency of a lamp, one being energy recycling and the second being linear polarization recycling both of which can be implemented singularly or together in an incandescent or gas discharge lamp outputting an improved illumination and/or linear polarized illumination at a improved efficiency; the linear polarized lamp being desirable for use in an LCD projector and other applications requiring linear polarized illumination. The lamp utilizes one or more wasted energy recycling techniques.

Abstract: A glow discharge lamp includes a sealed lamp envelope containing a noble gas and mercury, a cathode and an anode disposed in the lamp envelope and an incandescent filament for emitting visible light for illumination immediately upon application of power and for emitting little or no visible light after a glow discharge is formed between the cathode and the anode. The filament, the cathode and the anode are electrically connected in series. The lamp envelope typically includes a phosphor coating for emission of visible light upon absorption of ultraviolet radiation from the glow discharge. An optional switch can be used for disconnecting the filament during steady state operation of the glow discharge lamp.

Abstract: A selective infrared radiation source includes an opaque body of boron nitride positioned to surround a resistive element capable of being heated by the passage of electrical current therethrough, said boron nitride body and resistive element being enclosed by an outer hermetic envelope transparent to infrared radiation. The method includes heating said resistive element such that the boron nitride is heated to a temperature of between approximately 1200.degree. C. and 2000.degree. C.