Abstract: A load control device adapted to be coupled between an AC power source and an electrical load for controlling the power delivered to the load includes a controller, an actuator for turning the electrical load on and off, an occupancy detection circuit, and an ambient light detector. The load control device automatically turns on the electrical load in response to the presence of an occupant only if the detected ambient light is below a predetermined ambient light level threshold. After first detecting the presence of an occupant, the load control device monitors actuations of the actuator to determine whether a user has changed the state of the load. The load control device automatically adjusts the predetermined ambient light level threshold in response to the user actuations that change the state of the load.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to transmit a data encoded power signal to addressable devices. A lighting controller sends the data encoded power waveform to a plurality of addressable lighting modules to power and control a behavior of the lighting modules. An inventory function causes the lighting controller to send, one by one, each of the possible unique addresses, or for a particular range of addresses, a command to turn ON lighting modules. The lighting controller monitors the current draw of the power supply or the data encoded power waveform and compares the monitored current with a threshold to determine whether the addressed lighting module responded to the command. The lighting controller provides the user, via a user interface, a list of the responding lighting modules based on the comparison.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an exterior lighting system for a motor vehicle. An example system includes a plurality of lights configured to illuminate an area adjacent the motor vehicle, a plurality of sensors, and a controller configured to selectively activate and deactivate the lights based on signals from the sensors. The example system includes various aspects configured to preserve energy, including reducing the polling rate of sensors corresponding to deactivated lights, increasing light intensity in proportion to the speed of detected motion, and only illuminating those lights that correspond to locations of a recognized user.

Abstract: A power device includes one or more electrical components, the electrical components including one or more physical attribute. The power device includes one or more sensors configured to monitor the attribute(s). The power device includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including one or more alerting rule. The power device includes one or more processors configured for retrieving the one or more alerting rule from the storage medium. The processors are configured for monitoring one or more sensor value from the sensor(s), wherein the sensor values are associated with the attribute(s). The processors are configured for evaluating the at least one alerting rule during the monitoring, and when the one or more alerting rule results in a pending failure condition, sending a notification to a user.

Abstract: An aspect of the disclosure relates to a power-saving control system using remote-control communication. In this power-saving control system, a remote-control transmitting device is embedded in one of a lighting device, a sensor, and a sensor-embedded program switch, which are installed in a space, so as to remotely control a control target device installed in the corresponding space, and a predetermined control signal such as a power-off command is transmitted to the control target device if no person exists in the space for a predetermined time, or if a measured temperature or the like satisfies a condition, such that the control target device can be remotely controlled.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to lighting devices and, more particularly, to low electromagnetic interference (EMI) lighting devices with variable light output levels.

Abstract: Introduced here are light sources for flash photography configured to produce high-fidelity white light that is tunable over a broader range of correlated color temperatures (CCTs) than conventional flash technologies. The light source can include multiple independently controllable color channels representing illuminants (e.g., light-emitting diodes) of different colors with varying degrees of saturation. Operating collectively, the multiple color channels can produce a high spectral quality white light corresponding to different CCTs (e.g., “warm” white light having a red hue, “cool” white light having a blue hue). Operating independently, these same color channels can be pre-flashed in a variety of prescribed sequences to probe the spectral characteristics of a scene, thereby allowing for an enhanced, spectrally matched white flash as well as collecting per-pixel reflectivity data that can be later used in during post processing of the captured image.

Abstract: Introduced here are multi-channel light sources able to produce a broad range of electromagnetic radiation. A multi-channel light source (also referred to as a “multi-channel emitter”) can be designed to produce visible light and/or non-visible light. For example, some embodiments of the multi-channel light source include illuminant(s) capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation within the visible range and illuminant(s) capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation in a non-visible range, such as the ultraviolet range or infrared range. By capturing images in conjunction with the visible and non-visible light, additional information on the ambient scene can be gleaned which may be useful, for example, during post-processing.

Abstract: A multi-functional easy operation lamp with an outlook like a candle includes a lamp body having a casing formed of wax; at least one light source in the lamp body; a power joint arranged within the lamp body; the power joint being connected to a control switch through a conductive wire; one end of the power joint being a plug which is exposed out of the casing; the control switch serving to control on and off operation of the at least one light source; a touch control chip positioned within the lamp body; the touch control chip being connected to the control switch of the light sources through a second conductive wire for switching the control switch; an induction coil extending from the touch control chip; the induction coil being arranged to be near an outer wall of the casing, or the induction coil being arranged on a circuit board.

Abstract: A load control system controls an electrical load provided in a space and comprises a load control device and one or more occupancy sensors. The load control device controls the load in response to the wireless control signals received from the occupancy sensors. Each occupancy sensor transmits an occupied control signal to the load control device in response to detecting an occupancy condition in the space and a vacant control signal to the load control device in response to detecting a vacancy condition. The load control device turns on the load in response to receiving the occupied control signal from at least one of the occupancy sensors, and turns off the load in response to receiving vacant control signals from both of the occupancy sensors. The load control device is operable to determine that no wireless control signals have been received from the occupancy sensors for the length of a predetermined timeout period and to subsequently turn off the load.

Abstract: Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS)/distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) techniques coupled with frequency domain decomposition (FDD) are employed to determine the presence of 120 HZ operating power frequency to determine when street lights are energized and on thereby providing continuous status monitoring of the operational status of street lights and locating affected street lights at a particular utility pole location.

Abstract: A control circuit driving a display panel and including a transmission interface, a charging circuit, an image driving circuit, and a loading management circuit is provided. The transmission interface is configured to be coupled to the display panel. The charging circuit is configured to charge a capacitor. The image driving circuit transforms the voltage of the capacitor into a plurality of driving signals and provides the driving signals to the display panel via the transmission interface. The loading management circuit measures the charge time of the capacitor. In response to the charge time of the capacitor exceeding a threshold value, the loading management circuit asserts a flag to indicate the occurrence of an overload.

Abstract: An energy-saving street light system with dynamic real-time brightness adjustment includes a multiple of street lights, each storing a modulated brightness value of the same luminous quota and a predetermined brightness value. If the street light detects no motor vehicle passing by or receives no notice for a period of time, then a light with the predetermined brightness value will be emitted, or else the largest modulated brightness value will be used for setting and a quantity of one of the luminous quota will be used up. After the whole quantity of the luminous quota is used up, the next smaller modulated brightness value is used for the aforementioned setting procedure until all modulated brightness values are set. If the same receiving unit receives two or more modulated brightness values simultaneously, the modulated brightness value with a greater brightness will be used for the setting.

Abstract: A controller assembly for a light fixture may include a controller housing to be received within a knockout opening of a light fixture housing from which light is emitted, and a user input assembly positioned within the controller housing. The user input assembly may include a mechanical actuator accessible through a controller opening in the controller housing, and a connector interface to be electrically connected by wiring to a driver of the light fixture, and circuitry electrically coupled to the mechanical actuator and the connector interface. The circuitry may be used to detect actuation of the mechanical actuator by a user and, in response, change a control signal from the connector interface to the driver from a first control signal to a second control signal in order change a property of the emitted light.

Abstract: Provided is a method for switching an energy storage system (ESS) to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The method includes: a normal power supply determination step of determining whether normal power is supplied to the ESS; an operation mode setting step of setting an operation mode of the ESS according to whether the normal power is supplied or not; and an ESS control step of controlling the ESS according to a reference corresponding to the operation mode.

Abstract: The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a lamp and a lighting control method thereof. The lighting control method includes: counting a lighting duration of N days before statistical date of a lamp, where N is an integer greater than 1 and less than 11; matching a to-be-executed dimming program from preset multiple dimming programs of the lamp according to a statistical result; and controlling an adaptive power supply of the lamp to switch to the to-be-executed dimming program, which improve the diversity of the lighting control of the lamp, increase the self-learning ability of the lamp, and reduce the maintenance cost of the lighting control of the lamp.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a sampling code generation circuit and a code comparator. The sampling code generation circuit includes a buffer circuit configured to receive an external set signal. The sampling code generation circuit is configured to perform a count operation during a sampling period, the sampling period adjusted based on an output signal of the buffer circuit to generate a sampling code. The code comparator is configured to compare the sampling code with a reference code to generate a comparison flag.

Abstract: Solar-powered lighting devices that may be portable and/or collapsible are described. The devices may include a housing including a first wall, a second wall, and one or more side walls between the first wall and the second wall, at least one solar panel to generate solar energy, and a rechargeable battery to store the solar energy generated. The devices may include a plurality of operating modes for controlling lights within the housing, and a microprocessor for controlling the operating modes.

Abstract: A luminaire can include a power supply that receives AC mains power from a power source and delivers intermediate power, and can also include a lumen control module coupled to the power supply, where the lumen control module receives the intermediate power from the power source. The lumen control module can include at least one first switch that has multiple positions, and multiple resistors coupled to the at least one first switch, where each position of the at least one first switch corresponds to a resistance of the resistors, where the intermediate power received by the resistors is translated to a current level of a plurality of current levels based on the resistance. The luminaire can also include at least one light source coupled to the lumen control module, where the at least one light source emits a lumen output based on the current level received from the lumen control module.

Abstract: An integrated method and system for communication, positioning, navigation, and timing of a deep-sea vehicle. The method implements integration and deep fusion of communication, positioning, navigation, and timing, and can achieve uniformity of space references and time references between sensors and systems, can reduce difficulty in information fusion, and can implement convenient underwater acoustic communication, real-time/high-update-rate/low-power-consumption/high-precision positioning, high-precision/fault-tolerant navigation, and precise timing. The present invention implements simultaneous operation of four working modes: communication, positioning, navigation, and timing, to fundamentally resolve problems such as insufficient practicability of underwater acoustic communication, low accuracy of navigation and positioning, and no timing function, so as to improve underwater operation efficiency of a deep-sea vehicle.

Abstract: A system, particularly adaptable for lighting and music presentations, such as for mood, ambience, or party settings includes a flat, wireless broadcast multi-point, synchronizable and scalable operation. The system includes a control system having an electronic circuit which includes a wireless mesh radio, a microcontroller, a wireless short-range radio link unit, a plurality of field-effect transistor (FET) drivers to connect to one or more individual light or sound producing devices or sets thereof, a low voltage DC power supply, an audio input rectifier and filter, and a rotary switch. The system is set up such that a plurality of these control systems are interconnected in a non-hierarchical mesh network, wherein the mesh wireless radio of a given control system has the capacity to signal other nearby control systems.

Abstract: A method for detecting misadjustments of a headlamp of a vehicle and to a device for this purpose. It is provided that the vehicle is provided with a detector with which at least one light signal of another road user is detected, and wherein the vehicle is equipped with a control unit with which light signal information of the detector is captured and by means of which adjustment information for correcting the misadjustment of the headlamp is output as a function of the captured light signal information.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus fixable to a door is disclosed. The lighting apparatus includes an illumination assembly. The illumination assembly includes a light element, a door position sensor, and a control circuit electrically coupled to the lighting element. The control circuit is configured to control an ON/OFF state of the lighting element based on one or more signals from the door position sensor. In some embodiments, the illumination assembly further includes a housing configured to house the lighting element. The housing is further configured to me mechanically attachable to the door. The control circuit may be further configured to switch from an OFF state to an ON state when the door is moved to a closed position. The control circuit may be further configured to switch the lighting element from an ON state to an OFF state when the door is moved to an open position.

Abstract: A power control system is disposed in a predetermined area. The power control system includes a server, a smart gateway device, a power detection device, a smart meter, a first power control device, a power generation device, a second power control device, a plurality of electronic devices, and a power storage device. The power detection device detects a value of a supply current per second of the first power of the first power control device. The power detection device detects a value of a used current per second of the second power of the second power control device. The power detection device provides a current difference between the value of the supply current and the value of the used current to the first power control device and the smart gateway device. The first power control device adjusts the first power at least based on the current difference.

Abstract: A control method for a luminaire with a daylight sensor, comprising: obtaining a first value (?) representative for the angle of the sun with respect to the horizon; if the obtained first value is within a first predetermined range corresponding with a dusk or dawn range, performing the following steps: obtaining a second value (Ev) representative for a light level using the daylight sensor of the luminaire; and controlling the switching on or off of the luminaire when the obtained second value (Ev) fulfils a first predetermined criterion; registering over time, for at least one determined obtained second value, at least one corresponding obtained first value (?); and/or, for at least one determined first value, at least one corresponding obtained second value (Ev); adjusting the first predetermined criterion based on the registrations over time.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses relating to controlling an emission of a display panel. In one embodiment, a display driver hardware circuit includes row selection logic to select a number of rows in an emission group of a display panel, wherein the number of rows is adjustable from a single row to a full panel of the display panel, column selection logic to select a number of columns in the emission group of the display panel, wherein the number of columns is adjustable from a single column to the full panel of the display panel, and emission logic to select a number of pulses per data frame to be displayed, wherein the number of pulses per data frame is adjustable from one to a plurality and a pulse length is adjustable from a continuous duty cycle to a non-continuous duty cycle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for maintaining the illumination intensity of one or more LEDs above a minimal intensity level. The systems and methods may include: (1) a current regulator for regulating the current in a circuit; (2) a voltage source for applying current to a circuit; (3) an LED with a minimal intensity level that correlates to a set-point temperature; and (4) a thermal sensor that is in proximity to the LED and adapted to sense a temperature proximal to the LED. The thermal sensor may transmit a signal to the current regulator if the sensed temperature exceeds the set-point temperature. Thereafter, the current regulator may take steps to regulate the current in order to maintain the LED illumination intensity above the minimal intensity level.

Abstract: A dimming module having: a calculating circuit, configured to receive a preset current duty cycle reference signal, a preset current magnitude reference signal and a feedback voltage of an associated light-emitting device string, and to provide a current duty cycle reference signal and a current magnitude reference signal; and a current regulating circuit, configured to receive the feedback voltage of the associated light-emitting device string, the current duty cycle reference signal and the current magnitude reference signal, and to control a duty cycle and a magnitude of the current flowing through the associated light-emitting device string; wherein the current magnitude reference signal provided to the light-emitting device string with the minimum feedback voltage is lower than the preset current magnitude reference signal, while the current magnitude reference signal provided to each other light-emitting device string is higher than the preset current magnitude reference signal.

Abstract: An emergency LED lighting system maintains power to an LED lighting source based on measured voltages and currents provided to the LED lighting source; rolls back or decreases power provided to an LED lighting source over time in order to increase the amount of time the battery can power the LED lighting source; executes a soft start procedure, such that the power provided to the LED lighting source is gradually ramped up during activation of the LED lighting sources; identifies a type of battery coupled to the emergency LED lighting system; cycles the emergency LED lighting system between charging mode and standby mode to reduce power consumption over a window of time; detects AC power or an absence of AC power; and/or uses a status LED to communicate information about the emergency LED lighting system with a remote device.

Abstract: A load control device adapted to be coupled between an AC power source and an electrical load for controlling the power delivered to the load includes a controller, an actuator for turning the electrical load on and off, an occupancy detection circuit, and an ambient light detector. The load control device automatically turns on the electrical load in response to the presence of an occupant only if the detected ambient light is below a predetermined ambient light level threshold. After first detecting the presence of an occupant, the load control device monitors actuations of the actuator to determine whether a user has changed the state of the load. The load control device automatically adjusts the predetermined ambient light level threshold in response to the user actuations that change the state of the load.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method includes receiving, at a first wireless device of a plurality of wireless devices, a data packet including an indication of a source of the data packet. In response to the first wireless device being associated with the source of the data packet, whether the first wireless device is a local repeater can be determined based on at least one of a random number or a number of wireless devices of the plurality of wireless devices. In response to the first wireless device being determined to be a local repeater, the first wireless device can be caused to be configured as a local repeater such that the first wireless device sends the data packet to at least one remaining wireless device of the plurality of wireless devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a workplace analysis system (1) in a work area (10) for the acquisition and analysis of the presence of a person (P) to be monitored in several differently defined zones (A, B, C) of the work area (10) and of at least the temporal duration of stay (tA, tB, tC) of the person (P) to be monitored within the zones (A, B, C), wherein in the workplace analysis system (1) at least one acquisition device (20) is provided, which is designed to detect and to acquire the presence and the duration of stay (tA, tB, tC) of the person (P) to be monitored in the respective zones (A, B, C), and an analysis device (30) is provided, which is designed to analyze and evaluate the presence and the duration of stay (tA, tB, tC) of the person (P) to be monitored in the respective zones (A, B, C).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a current adjustment circuit. The current adjustment circuit may include a dimming switch coupled to an inductor disposed in a lighting sub-circuit, a zero-crossing detector, and a time control sub-circuit. The dimming switch may be configured to control power supply states of the inductor. The zero-crossing detector may be configured to detect an ending time of a current of the inductor, and to generate a zero-crossing signal. The time control sub-circuit may include a first capacitor and a second capacitor and configured to receive the zero-crossing signal, and generate a control signal that is configured to control the dimming switch to initiate a switching cycle for the inductor. The switching cycle may start after a delay time and the delay time is controlled by a first charging time of the first capacitor and a second charging time of the second capacitor.

Abstract: An adjustable and pluggable control interface device with a sensor thereof includes a sensor and at least one adjusting member. The sensor includes a PCB, a sensing portion and at least one adjusting portion. The PCB is electrically connected to the sensing portion and the adjusting portion, respectively, and the at least one adjusting portion is configured to adjust output signals of the PCB. The at least one adjusting member is inserted into the adjusting portion for adjusting the output signals of the PCB. The structure of the present disclosure can control external lamps to light or extinguish so as to realize the functions of dimming light brightness, setting light duration, adjusting energy-saving parameters and proportion. So, such structure can be easily operated with a wide range of applications.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating lights can include stepping down a high voltage power supply and transmitting a resulting low voltage through a relay to a light. A device controller system can receive a selected mode for operating the light including a setting for brightness, color, or operation scheme. The selected mode can be converted into a command configured to cause the light to operate continuously while changing from a current mode of operation to the selected mode. The system can determine an operation sequence for the relay to convey the command to the light. A schedule for the operation sequence can include a zero cross operation by the relay indicating, to the light, the setting or an operation mode change. The relay can operate according to the operation sequence and the schedule and the light can change to from the current mode to the selected mode without delay.

Abstract: Provided is a medical light source device that includes a light source part including two or more semiconductor light-emitting devices having wavelengths of emitted light different from each other. The light source part generates light of predetermined chromaticity by mixing the light emitted from each of the semiconductor light-emitting devices and emits outward the generated light of the chromaticity as illumination light. The medical light source device further includes a control unit that controls a mixing rate of the light emitted from each of the semiconductor light-emitting devices based on a light amount setting value of the illumination light emitted from the light source part, and keeps the chromaticity constant regardless of a light amount of the illumination light.

Abstract: A modular lighting installation platform includes a home base unit that is configured to be used as a junction box. The home base unit includes a housing that defines a cavity. The cavity houses circuitry that configured to convert a high voltage AC input power to a low voltage DC output power. The home base unit also includes an output port that is configured to removably couple at least one of a light fixture and an accessory to the home base unit via a low voltage cable to provide the low voltage DC output power to the at least one of a light fixture and an accessory.

Abstract: Floodlight controllers with wireless audio/video recording and communication features in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure are provided. In one embodiment, a floodlight controller for activating and deactivating a floodlight device may include a camera including an image sensor and having a field of view, a switch having an open condition and a closed condition, and a processor operatively connected to the camera and operatively connected to the switch, wherein the processor is configured to receive an input from the camera and produce an output to the switch to cause the switch to transition from the open condition to the closed condition.

Abstract: The present application provides a floor board unit, a floor board and an IoT home system. The floor board unit includes a floor board body which can switch between a light-transmissive state and a light-tight state, a floor board controller, a light emitting layer and at least one first sensor. The light emitting layer is below the floor board body. An output terminal of the first sensor is electrically coupled to an input terminal of the floor board controller. The light emitting layer is configured to emit incident light towards the floor board body. The floor board controller is configured to control the floor board body to be in the light-transmissive state when the light emitting layer emits the incident light. The first sensor receives reflected light obtained after the incident light is reflected and transmit a signal indicating an intensity of the reflected light to the floor board controller.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure are related to systems and methods for lighting controls and sensors. Embodiments described herein may utilize a user interface and/or embedded systems using radio transceivers to allow a user to set-up and control real-time dimming of light fixtures. Furthermore, using the systems, the user may be able to remotely monitor and set-up 24 hour lighting schedules for a plurality of overlapping light fixtures.

Abstract: A lighting system includes a plurality of lighting units. Each lighting unit includes a unit control circuit and a lighting element. The unit control circuit is disposed to store at least one lighting scenario. The lighting scenario comprises a succession of settings of intensity and/or color of the lighting element. A system control circuit is disposed to transmit an execute signal to one or more of the lighting units. The unit control circuit is disposed to control, upon reception of the execute signal, the lighting element according to the lighting scenario. The lighting units are connected to a common electrical power supply via two conductors. The execute signal is transmitted from the system control circuit to the lighting units wirelessly or via the two conductors.

Abstract: A method of enabling at least some of plurality of nodes to join a wireless network, where each operates according to a wireless networking protocol and each is a component of a lighting system. An initiating unit wirelessly broadcasts a discovery request using a protocol of the network, according to which each other node only responds to the discovery request as broadcast from the initiating unit on condition of being within a predetermined range. Hence one or more in-range nodes each respond to the discovery request from the initiating unit and thereby join the network, while one or more out-of-range nodes do not respond. One or more of the in-range nodes also act as relaying nodes, to re-broadcast the discovery request for receipt by one or more of the out-of-range nodes. One or more of the out-of-range nodes respond to the re-broadcast discovery requests, thereby joining the wireless network.

Abstract: A gas-measuring device includes a control unit, a gas sensor module, a radio receiver unit, a first radio transmitter unit and a second radio transmitter unit. The control unit detects sensor data via the gas sensor module in a first operating state and upon detecting a potential hazardous state, based on the sensor data, changes over into a second operating state. The control unit further detects one or more radio signals, which indicate respective characteristics of respective portable transmitter units, by the radio receiver unit in the second operating state, and determines, on the basis of the radio signals, which of the transmitter units have a sufficiently close proximity in space to the gas-measuring device. The control unit provides the characteristics of the transmitter units, having a sufficiently close proximity in space, via the first radio transmitter unit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retrofitting a wired luminaire to wireless control. The method includes coupling a sensor and the luminaire to the controller by wire and further includes controlling a separate memory device, a radio, a relay for switching power to a luminaire, a zero to ten-volt luminaire control output, and a hardware switch with a single microcontroller.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an LED lighting device, which includes a head portion, a heat sink, a mounting portion, a lighting circuit and an optical element. The head portion is configured for mounting the LED lighting device to an outer installation device and electrically connecting the LED lighting device with an outer power source. The lighting circuit includes a circuit board and at least one LED light source arranged on one surface of the circuit board. The lighting circuit is held between the mounting portion and the optical element, and light emitted from the at least one LED light source is output after distributed by the optical element. The heat sink is held between the head portion and the mounting portion.

Abstract: A two-level LED security light with a motion sensor. At night, the LED security light is turned on for a low level illumination. When the motion sensor detects any intrusion, the LED security light is switched from the low level illumination to a high level illumination for a short duration time and then returns to the low level illumination for saving energy. The LED security light includes a power supply unit, a light sensing control unit, a motion sensing unit, a loading and power control unit, and a lighting-emitting unit and at least one external control unit electrically coupled to a controller of the loading and power control unit to receive and convert at least an external control signal into a message signal interpretable by the controller for adjusting at least an operating parameter or changing at least an illumination mode of the two-level LED security light.

Abstract: An LED driving circuit configured to drive an LED lamp having first and second loads, can include: a power converter; a dimmer configured to control the power converter to output a driving current to the LED lamp; and a current distribution circuit configured to adjust a proportion of current from the driving current that flows through each of the first and second loads of the LED lamp, in order to adjust the color temperature or the brightness of the LED lamp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power line communication system of a closed circuit, which can transmit and receive a large amount of information in a speedy way compared with a conventional technique by creating predetermined information in a method of cutting off the power supplied to the power line near a zero cross of the power while varying the length of the power cut section near the zero cross and assigning information to the varying length and, at the same time, greatly improve a recognition rate and accuracy of a communication signal even for a load of a large capacity by configuring a switch unit by connecting a first switch and a second switch to a transmission unit in parallel and creating and transmitting a communication signal selectively using the switches.

Abstract: A sensor device (10) for use in a motor vehicle includes a housing (11) for receiving a sensor element (1). The sensor element (1) has contact surfaces (21 to 23) electrically conductively connected with electrical plug connections (27) arranged in the housing (11), in the region of contacts (24 to 26), wherein the sensor element (1) is applied with force by a housing element (13), in the direction of the contacts (24 to 26) for the purposes of electrical contacting. A support in the form of a 3-point contact is formed between the sensor element (1) and the housing (11). The sensor element (1) has at least two measuring devices (5, 6), and the at least two measuring devices (5, 6) have three contact surfaces (21 to 23) that form the 3-point contact.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for detecting occupancy of a closed space based on Carbon Dioxide gas (CO2) concentration or change of such concentration. In various embodiments, a Base CO2 Concentration (BCC) may be measured to establish CO2 concentration in an empty closed space. An Average CO2 Concentration (ACC) may also be measured for a single average sized person. If at any time the Total CO2 Concentration (TCC) is measured to be higher than the sum of BCC and ACC, then it is determined that the presence of a person in the closed space is detected. In some embodiments, if TCC is measured to be more than BCC plus N times ACC, then it is determined that N people are present in the closed space, where N is an integer. Such determinations may be indicated by generating an alarm or alert.