Abstract: A stretchable display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure includes a lower substrate including a display area, a first non-display area disposed at a left side and a right side of the display area, and a second non-display area disposed above and below the display area and the first non-display area, a plurality of first substrates disposed on the lower substrate in the display area and defining a plurality of pixels, a plurality of second substrates disposed on the lower substrate in the first non-display area and including a gate driver disposed thereon, and an inspection unit disposed on the lower substrate in the second non-display area and including a plurality of inspection substrates connected to a second substrate which is the most adjacent to the second non-display area among the plurality of second substrates.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display apparatus can include an insulating film disposed on a substrate, a first electrode disposed on the insulating film, an organic light emitting layer disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the organic light emitting layer, wherein the first electrode can be provided with a contact area that covers a contact hole passing through the insulating film, and a protrusion vertically protruded from an upper surface of the first electrode on a boundary surface of the contact hole.

Abstract: A combination includes an AC power system and a system for improving power factor in the AC power system by continuously variable, analog control of level of reactive current introduced into a power conveying line of the AC power system. A power factor-improving circuit includes at least one channel that comprises a channel-level AC electron tube circuit and at least one associated reactive impedance element interconnected in series manner. Each of the channel-level AC electron tube circuit is responsive to a control system for continuously variable, analog control of the level of reactive current in the at least one associated reactive impedance element so that the foregoing level of reactive current changes, as necessary, in a continuously variable, analog manner to improve power factor in the power conveying line. Each of the channel-level AC electron tube circuit comprises at least one cold-cathode field-emission electron tube.

Abstract: A light string includes a plurality of incandescent filament lamps. The incandescent filament lamps are electrically connected in series and powered by an AC power supply. Each incandescent filament lamp is connected in parallel to a capacitor. The capacitors are polarized electrolytic capacitors. A capacitance of each capacitor is 47 microfarads˜120 microfarads. A rated voltage of each capacitor is 16 volts ˜100 volts and is higher than a rated voltage of each incandescent filament lamp. When one of the incandescent filament lamps is failed, the capacitor with which the failed one of the incandescent filament lamps is connected in parallel operates normally and performs power compensation and electrical connection during its repeatedly charging and discharging. When the light string is powered on, the capacitor is charged and absorbs the surge current which may occur. Thus, the voltage dropped on each light rises slowly and the lights are safe.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprises: a substrate; a display unit located on the substrate and including a plurality of subpixels; a sealing region located at the outer periphery of the display unit and defined to form a sealing member; and a plurality of wiring lines connected to the display unit and disposed on the lateral side of the display unit, some of the plurality of wiring lines are respectively divided into two or more in the sealing region.

Abstract: A display device comprising a transparent substrate, transparent electrodes, light-emitting layers, and reflective electrodes that define light-emitting pixels in which chiplets with pixel driving circuits are connected to pixel connection pads that are connected to the transparent electrode by an opaque electrode connector such that at least a portion of one opaque electrode connector overlaps at least a portion of a transparent electrode to which the opaque electrode connector is not electrically connected. The device provides a display having improved pixel-driving performance and increased light-emitting area.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel driver circuit. Each of level converter circuits in the pixel driver circuit has an input terminal supplied with a signal swinging between a first voltage and a second voltage lower than the first voltage; a first first-conductivity-type transistor having a gate electrode coupled to the input terminal, and a source region coupled to a reference voltage; a second second-conductivity-type transistor having a gate electrode coupled to a drain region of the first transistor, a source region-coupled to a power supply, and a drain region coupled to an output terminal; one circuit element among a diode, a resistor and a fourth second-conductivity-type transistor, coupled between the gate electrode of the second transistor and the power supply; a third first-conductivity-type transistor having a source region coupled to the input terminal, a drain region coupled to the output terminal, and a gate electrode supplied with a do voltage.

Abstract: An electron emission display (EED) includes an anode and a panel electrode unit comprising a scan electrode that extends in one direction of a lattice type panel and a data electrode that extends across the scan electrode. In the display and a method of driving the same, when power is supplied to the electron emission display, an anode voltage is applied to drive the anode, and a voltage is applied to at least one electrode of the panel electrode unit when the anode voltage is equal to or higher than a reference voltage.

Abstract: An image display device of this invention includes a pre-charging voltage stabilizing section having current controlling means and charge holding means which respectively include a resistor and a capacitor to stabilize a pre-charging voltage. The charge holding means holds a voltage to be supplied to data signal lines, and the current controlling means suppresses a current flow from a control signal generating circuit, thereby suppressing power fluctuation at the control signal generating circuit. This suppresses fluctuation in the pre-charging voltage and enables data signal lines to be charged to a predetermined voltage, thereby suppressing deterioration of image quality and an increase in power consumption of the image display device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for emitting addressable locations comprises parallel spaced-apart first conductors (10) intersecting with parallel spaced-apart second conductors (11). The intersecting first and second conductors define addressable locations where electrons (12) are emitted in response to the application of an energizing voltage. One face of the first conductors is covered with an insulating layer (13) against which the second conductors (11) are applied, this insulating layer (13) forming a tunnel barrier for hot electrons (12) that travel ballistically through and are emitted from the second conductors (11) in response to the application of the energizing voltage. The emitted electrons impinge a target (30, 40, 50) which can be a light-emitting screen of a flat panel display, such as an electroluminescent polymer of a flat panel screen, or an electroluminescent phosphorous screen, or a target wafer bombarded by the electrons emitted from a flexible e-beam lithography mask.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display panel showing images having frames composed of odd and even fields. The plasma display panel has scan electrodes and address electrodes perpendicular to the scan electrodes. In the method, first the odd and then the even scan electrodes, or vice versa, are addressed in the frame and subsequently sustained. This method saves time, which may be used to speed up the plasma display device.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having an electron source, an acceleration electrode for accelerating electrons emitted from the electron source and phosphors for emitting light by collision of electrons accelerated by the acceleration electrode, and a detector for detecting a current flowing through the acceleration electrode during a non-display period. In addition, a controller is provided to decrease the luminance level, stop display driving or transmit warning information when the current detected becomes more than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A flat display screen including a.cathode provided with field effect electron emission means, a cathodoluminescent anode placed opposite to the cathode, an extraction grid associated with the cathode, and at least one filtering grid, permeable to electron bombardment and biased to forbid parasitic ions, generated on one side of this filtering grid, to reach the cathode or the anode located on the other side.

Abstract: A method is applied for operating a cold cathode having at least one electron emission portion and a control electrode for controlling an emission of electrons, in which an electron beam is extracted out of the cold cathode by applying operating voltages to the electron emission portion and the control electrode, respectively. At least one auxiliary electron emission portion is provided other than the electron emission portion positioned at an operating position for emitting electrons. In order to replace the electron emission portion to be operated, the electron emission portions are moved so that the auxiliary electron emission portion is positioned at the operating position.

Abstract: A memory type alternating current plasma display panel has two pixel blocks on both sides of a spacer wall, and scanning/sustain electrode pairs for the two pixel blocks respectively have the innermost sustain electrodes closer to the spacer wall than the associated scanning electrodes so as to increase an offset margin during assemblage of panel structures.

Abstract: Dark spots in LED displays and illumination devices are prevented by adding redundancy in a LED display (illumination devices) by sub-pixelation and providing (a layer of) fuses for each sub-pixel. To this end, an electroluminescent element is characterized in that the electroluminescent element comprises a plurality of sub-elements in electrically parallel-arranged branches, and, in each branch, a fuse element between one of the connections and a part of the layer of electroluminescent material. The material of the electrode layer can then also be used as a material for the fuse element.

Abstract: A PDP drive method capable of restraining the generation of contour noise and making to be high a brightness level. In the PDP drive method, discharging cells on the plasma display panel start simultaneously on a radio frequency discharge by row lines. Next, the radio frequency discharge, which is caused in each discharging cell on the row line, is erased by applying an erasing pulse corresponding to a brightness level of video to the discharging cells on a row line.

Abstract: In an organic electroluminescence (EL) device including a display section having one or more light emitting units and a monitoring section positioned outside the display section and having one or more monitoring cells, each of the light emitting units and the monitoring cells has a cathode, an anode and at least one organic EL layer positioned between the cathode and the anode. In the organic EL device, either cathodes or anodes of the light emitting units and the monitoring cells is transparent and a current passing through an anode and a cathode of a monitoring cell is monitored to control the light emitting units.

Abstract: This invention stabilizes the electron emission amount and displays an image on the entire display screen with a luminance faithful to an original image signal, while preventing characteristic degradation and destruction of an electron source. In an apparatus according to this invention, a V/I converter (108) includes n independent constant current sources in correspondence with n column-direction wirings. Each constant current source (108) is made up of an operational amplifier, transistor, and resistor. A voltage limiting circuit (209) uses a diode (D). A limit value setting circuit (110) is constituted by, e.g., a D/A converter and buffer amplifier or a potentiometer and buffer amplifier connected to a power supply. A spike current absorbing means (211) uses a capacitor (C). As the capacitance increases, the wiring voltage rise (&Dgr;Vs) decreases. Thus, the necessary capacitance of the capacitor (C) of the spike current absorbing means (211) is desirably 0.1 &mgr;F or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a display device in which parasitic capacitance associated with data lines and driving circuits is prevented using a bank layer whose primary purpose is to define areas on a substrate in which an organic semiconductor film is formed. When the organic semiconductor film for forming a luminescent element such as an electroluminescent element or an LED is formed is formed in pixel regions (7), the organic semiconductor film is formed in the areas surrounded by the bank layer (bank) formed of a black resist. The bank layer (bank) is also formed between an opposite electrode (op) and data lines (sig) for supplying an image signal to first TFTs (20) and holding capacitors (cap) in the pixel regions (7) thereby preventing parasitic capacitance associated with the data lines (sig).

Abstract: A color display device (19) is disclosed having an improved focus performance. In state-of-the-art color display tubes, a static voltage is applied to the focusing electrode (23). This means that only one focus voltage is available for the entire range of beam currents. In general, due to the fact that the diameter of the electron beams (7,8,9) increases as the beam current increases, the focus voltage is a function of this beam current, which itself is determined by the cathode voltage. In this invention, a color display device (19) is disclosed in which the voltage on the focusing electrode (23) is changed as a function of the cathode voltages, thereby significantly improving the focus performance.

Abstract: A vacuum electron device comprises an evacuated envelope containing a cathode for supplying electrons to form an electron beam, an anode spaced from the cathode for receiving the electron beam, and a sensor electrode located between the cathode and the anode.

Abstract: A plasma display panel and driving method thereof perform addressing at a high speed and a low voltage without deteriorating contrast. Priming electrodes forming priming cells are located outside but adjacent a display area. Glow occurring in the priming cells is intercepted. When priming discharge is induced at a reset step, voltages lower than a discharge start voltage are applied to first (X) and second (Y) electrodes and third (address) electrodes respectively. Despite the voltages being lower than the discharge start voltage, once discharge is induced in the priming cells, discharge starts in adjoining cells. The discharge then spreads successively over all the cells, thus inducing discharge in all the cells. Consequently, wall charge is produced in all the cells.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a power supply are disclosed for generating plasmas. Current controlled power sources are disclosed that are capable of generating currents in low resistance, high temperature plasmas that are regulated to prevent the generation of excessive currents in the plasma. Current reversing switches are provided that control the flow of a direct current in a plasma chamber between various electrodes. A single current controlled power source capable of providing a substantially constant direct current can be utilized with various switch configurations to provide current that is delivered through three or more electrodes in a plasma chamber. Multiple power sources are also provided in association with shunt switches for delivering a plurality of sources of direct current in various directions between electrodes in a plasma chamber.

Abstract: In order to operate a discharge apparatus, a first voltage having a first frequency is applied to electrodes. Moreover, a second voltage having a second frequency higher than the first frequency is applied to the first voltage. The waveform of the voltage having the second frequency may be an attenuated one which is synchronized with the first frequency. As a result of this voltage superposition, the electrons, ions, or plasma in the already established discharge fluctuate with the change in the electric field. If the second frequency is selected to be equal or close to the resonance frequency of the electrons, ions, or plasma existing in the already established discharge, there occurs the resonance phenomenon of the electrons, ions, or plasma. This phenomenon raises the temperature of those particles. As a result, the electron temperature approaches to a value preferable for emission of visible light or ultraviolet rays so that the luminous efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A device for starting and maintaining a discharge which is placed within an enclosure. The enclosure contains a discharge zone confined by an electromagnetic field. The device has a microtip electron source located in the vicinity of the discharge zone. The electron source is polarized in such a way that it emits electrons to the discharge zone in order to start and maintain the discharge. The device can be used in a cold cathode vacuum gauge.

Abstract: An efficient power supply for a vacuum fluorescent display having a battery or other unregulated source supplies the grid voltage directly from the battery and supplies the anode voltage via a step-up regulator. To eliminate apparent display brightness changes upon variation of battery voltage, the battery voltage and the anode voltage are fed back to the regulator, adjusting the regulated anode voltage inversely to the battery voltage. The direct coupling of battery to the grid eliminates the necessity of regulating or converting the grid voltage, allowing a smaller power supply to be used and minimizing heat losses.

Abstract: A power supply for a large or dual vacuum fluorescent display having a DC source coupled to a switching regulator to generate a stepped up DC voltage. A -5 volt regulator is coupled to the switching regulator output, to provide a second DC voltage. A grid and segment driver is supplied with the regulator output. The driver is coupled to a microprocessor, and selectively drives the grid and plate segments to display data from the microprocessor. An oscillator circuit is also coupled to the DC source to generate an AC signal. The AC signal is coupled to an inverter to generate a second phase-shifted AC signal. The AC signals are provided to a pair of output drivers which amplify and output each signal to opposite ends of the filaments to heat the display filaments.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes stripe-like anodes and barrier ribs on an upper face plate, first sustaining electrodes over the inner surface of a lower rear plate, and stripe-like cathodes on the first sustaining electrodes insulated from the first sustaining electrodes by interposing layers. The stripe-like cathodes are respectively connected to external capacitors via a common node and serve as second sustaining electrodes. In a driving method of the panel, the first sustaining electrode is supplied with a pulse varying from ground potential to a first positive potential, from the positive potential back to ground potential, and then from ground potential to a first negative potential. The second sustaining electrode is supplied with a pulse varying from ground potential to the first negative potential, from the first negative potential back to ground potential, and then from ground potential to the first positive potential.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes anodes and barrier ribs formed on an upper face plate, first sustaining electrodes which are formed on a lower rear plate, and covered with a dielectric material, and cathodes which are formed on the dielectric material and connected to the respective capacitors via a common node, thereby serving as second sustaining electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma display panel and driving method thereof is disclosed which has an electrical field disturbing means for disturbing and distorting a discharge region in a discharge cell between an anode and cathode. The disturbing means is formed with an auxiliary electrode, thereby having a floating effect on particles in a main discharge region.

Abstract: An image forming device having an electron beam generating device is provided which comprises a plural number of electron beam generating sections and a deflecting means capable of deflecting the group of electron beams emitted from this electron beam generating device in the two directions of X and Y.

Abstract: A VF display control apparatus operated directly from an automotive storage battery in which the display brightness variation is minimized by controlling the relationship between the anode and grid voltages in relation to the fluctuation of the battery voltage. The anodes of the display are operated substantially at the battery voltage, and the grid voltage is reduced in relation to the amount by which the anode (supply) voltage exceeds the nominal open-circuit terminal voltage of the battery.

Abstract: A lighting method for vacuum fluorescent display which is lighted dynamically with frequency f.sub.1 includes applying a time-varying voltage with approximate frequency of (n+1/2)f.sub.1 to the cathode of the vacuum fluorescent display, where n is a predetermined natural number.By the method described, flickering in the display is suppressed even when, in the dynamical lighting of the vacuum fluorescent display, the cathode of the vacuum fluorescent display is heated with a time-varying voltage and the lighting duty ratio is reduced.

Abstract: A signal level display apparatus arranged so that an ac signal is superposed upon either an input signal or a reference voltage of a comparator to display the input signal with differences in degrees of brightness of illumination of light-emitting elements constituting a display unit when viewed externally, to thereby distinguish the level of the input signal which is closer to the level of the reference voltage from the level departing away therefrom. This apparatus also displays simultaneously on said display unit the level of two different input signals in distinguished degrees of illumination of the light-emitting elements.

Abstract: In a driving circuit which is used together with a flash lamp supplied with an exciting voltage and which comprises a transformer responsive to a trigger pulse for developing a pulse voltage and an exciting member around the lamp for causing a discharge to occur in the lamp in response to the pulse voltage to energize a laser device placed adjacent the lamp, a control member disposed between the transformer and the exciting member allows the pulse voltage to be applied across the lamp and suppresses a parasitic voltage which is otherwise developed across the transformer as a result of the discharge. The control member may comprise an air gap that is preferably from one to several millimeters long.

Abstract: A plasma display panel comprising a plurality of electrodes between a pair of dielectric plates that form gas discharge cells is provided with an additional electrode on one of the dielectric plates to form additional gas discharge cells of an effective discharge area larger than the discharge areas of the cells for use in exhibiting a desired display. The effective discharge area may be enlarged either by the use of a wide additional electrode or by application to the additional electrode of a high-frequency voltage whose peak-to-peak value is higher than that of the high-frequency voltages supplied selectively across the display exhibiting cells.