Abstract: An X-ray tube assembly includes an electron beam transport tube, a beam tube protection assembly, and a control module. The electron beam transport tube includes an opening configured for passage of an electron beam, and includes an inner surface bounding the opening along a length of the electron beam transport tube. The beam tube protection assembly includes a plurality of beam protection electrode segments disposed within the opening of the electron beam transport tube and configured to protect the inner surface of the electron beam transport tube from contact with the electron beam. The control module is configured to determine a direction of the electron beam responsive to information received from the beam tube protection assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an electron gun for a color cathode ray tube, and more particularly to an electron gun for achieving an excellent focus characteristic on the whole screen by forming a dynamic quadruple lens in the electron gun used for a transpose scan type cathode ray tube.

Abstract: An electron beam device includes an electron beam source, plural spaced plates having aligned apertures through which an electron beam is directed, an electrostatic focusing arrangement, and plural electrostatically charged deflection plates for deflecting the beam and displacing it over a target surface. The apertures in the spaced plates are of deceasing size in the direction of travel of the electron beam for intercepting the outer periphery of the beam and providing a beam of reduced cross section. The electron beam is simultaneously deflected by the deflection plates and focused by the electrostatic focusing arrangement. The electrostatic focusing arrangement includes first and second focusing elements through which the beam is directed which are disposed along the beamline and adjacent the upper and lower end portions, respectively, of the beam deflection plates.

Abstract: A flat panel display is disclosed which includes a faceplate with a faceplate interior side, and a backplate including a backplate interior side in an opposing relationship to the faceplate interior side. Side walls are positioned between the faceplate and the backplate. The side walls, faceplate and backplate form an enclosed sealed envelope. A plurality of phosphor subpixels are positioned at the faceplate interior side. A plurality of field emitters are positioned at the backplate interior side. The field emitters emit electrons which strike corresponding phosphor subpixels. A plurality of scattering shields surround each phosphor subpixel and define a subpixel volume. The scattering shields reduce the number of scattered electrons exiting from their corresponding subpixel volume. This reduces the number of scattered electrons from charging internal insulating surfaces in the envelope, as well as striking the non-corresponding phosphor subpixels.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a plasma display device that enables high-luminosity display while keeping consumption of power low. After causing reset discharge to form a wall charge in the dielectric layer of all discharge cells of a plasma display panel, pixel data are written by causing selective erasure discharge to erase, in accordance to pixel data corresponding to an input video signal, the wall charge formed in each discharge cell, and sustaining pulses, with a voltage value of at least 200 volts, are applied alternately to each row electrode of each row electrode pair of the plasma display panel to repeatedly cause sustained discharge to occur only in discharge cells having residual wall charge.

Abstract: In a color cathode ray tube apparatus, a main electron lens unit for converging three in-line electron beams on a phosphor screen is formed of a plurality of electrodes, including at least first, second, and third electrodes, which are arranged from the cathode side toward the phosphor screen. An asymmetric electron lens, which horizontally diverges and vertically converges the electron beams, is formed on the cathode side in a lens effect region of a first electron lens composed of the second and third electrodes, and an asymmetric second electron lens, which has one effect with respect to the horizontal direction of the electron beams and another with respect to the vertical direction, is formed between the first and second electrodes, at the least.

Abstract: In a color picture tube apparatus having a first auxiliary deflecting means for deflecting a single electron beam, emitted from a cathode, in a direction to separate from the tube axis in synchronism with switching among a plurality of video signals supplied to an electron gun, and splitting the single electron beam substantially into a plurality of beam segments, and a second auxiliary deflecting means, disposed between the first auxiliary deflecting means and a main deflecting unit, for deflecting the plurality of beam segments in a direction to come close to the tube axis, the first auxiliary deflecting means is constituted by an electrostatic deflecting lens provided to an accelerating electrode system between a control electrode and a focusing electrode of the electron gun, and the second auxiliary deflecting means is constituted by a main electron lens of the electron gun for finally focusing the electron beam segments on a phosphor screen.

Abstract: A projection lens assembly (10) projects onto a display screen (38) electrons emitted from an output side (86) of an electron multiplier such as, for example, a microchannel plate (70). The projection lens assembly includes a dome-shaped mesh element (16) that is concave as viewed from the display screen. The mesh element is positioned between the microchannel plate and a filter element (20) having a beam-limiting aperture (22). The mesh element is of an aspherical shape that allows the projection lens assembly to project the electrons toward the display screen with substantially no spherical aberration, thereby forming near the beam-limiting aperture an electron beam crossover of small diameter. The beam-limiting aperture is formed with a relatively small diameter that allows the filter element to block electrons of energies outside a preselected range of energy values, thereby reducing chromatic aberration in the image formed on the display screen.

Abstract: An electrical particle gun with applications in electronic and ionic microlithography for the integrated circuits industry comprises an emission chamber. In the emission chamber are a source adapted to emit the particles and devices for accelerating and focussing the particles. An exciter circuit is electrically connected to a decelerator electrode adjacent the focussing device. This enables pulsed emission of particles with an energy level lying within a predetermined band and filtering of the particles according to their energy level.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube comprises an electron beam generating section provided at one end of the tube, a target provided at the other end of the tube, and a group of electrodes provided on an inner wall of the tube for focusing and deflecting an electron beam. The electrode group includes first and second electrodes between the one and other ends of the tube in the mentioned order. The first electrode has a lead electrode portion for supplying an electric potential to the second electrode. The lead electrode portion extends along the tube axis with a zigzag form in which an angle .angle.MZN of a convave apex M and a convex apex N adjacent thereto spanning in a circumferential direction centering the tube axis Z is not smaller than 115.degree. or a spiral form which rotates centering the tube axis at a rotation angle not smaller than 420.degree..

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises a series of quadrupolar lenses for focusing a beam of electrons, emitted from a cathode at one end of an evacuated envelope under the control of a control electrode, at a target screen at the other end of the envelope. After having been focused at the target by adjustment of electric potentials on the quadrupolar lenses, the electron beam will defocus upon change in a potential on the control electrode because then the crossover or initial focusing point of the electron beam will be displaced along the central axis of the envelope. With a view to ready refocusing of the beam at the target, a refocusing lens is provided between the crossover point and the quadrupolar lenses for providing a convering lens action of radial symmetry about the envelope axis. The beam can be refocused through adjustment of a single potential on the refocusing lens rather than through adjustment of several different potentials on the quadrupolar lenses.

Abstract: A generally box-shaped electron lens system for use in an oscilloscopic or storage cathode-ray tube for the amplification of both vertical and horizontal deflections of the electron beam from the gun to the target of the CRT. The lens system comprises two electrodes at least partly displaced from each other along the CRT tube axis, with a gap therebetween for electrically insulating one from the other. A pair of tongues extend either from the gun-side electrode into the target-side electrode, or from the target-side electrode into the gun-side electrode, or two such pairs of tongues extend from both electrodes into interdigitating relation to each other. Upon application of prescribed potentials to the two electrodes, a quadrupolar lens field is created in the space between the pair or pairs of tongues for deflection amplification in both directions. On having been deflected vertically, the beam has its deflection amplified by having its traveling direction inverted with respect to the tube axis.

Abstract: A magnetic focusing and electrostatic deflecting image pickup tube comprises electrostatic deflection electrodes each constituted by a straight arrow pattern yoke composed of straight line segments arrayed in a linear zigzag pattern. The pattern yoke has a twist angle set at a value not greater than 105.degree.. An average value of angles formed by each upper apex and two lower apices adjacent to the upper apex of the zigzag pattern yoke with reference to the axis of the tube lies within a range of 116.degree. to 127.degree..

Abstract: A post-deflection accelerating and scan expansion lens system (10) is disclosed which may be used in a cathde ray tube (12). The lens system comprises an accelerating and scan expansion lens (70) of the quadrupole type including a pair of coaxial cylindrical electrodes (72, 74) and first and second compensating lenses (66, 78) on opposite ends thereof to provide a bright image of the desired size in sharp focus and great detail on a fluorescent screen in such tube. The first compensating lens (66) is supported adjacent the input of the accelerating and scan expansion lens to provide a linear magnification of the amount of electron beam deflection produced by the vertical and horizontal deflection plates (46, 48 and 50, 52).

Abstract: A generally box shaped, electronic lens system for use in a cathode ray tube for amplification of both horizontal and vertical deflection of the electron beam. The lens system comprises two or three electrodes arranged in axial alignment, with an insulating gap or gaps therebetween, so as to encompass the beam trajectories from the deflection system to the target of the CRT. The action of the lens system on the beam is divergent in a horizontal direction and convergent in a vertical direction. The target side electrode has its beam exit end closed by an end plate having defined therein an aperture elongated horizontally. The CRT includes a postaccelerating electrode whose field acts on the beam exit end of the lens system, creating an additional lens at the end plate aperture. The vertical dimension of the aperture gradually increases, and then gradually decreases, from the midpoint toward the opposite extremities of its horizontal dimension.

Abstract: A generally box shaped, electronic lens system is incorporated in a cathode ray tube for amplification of both horizontal and vertical deflections of the electron beam. The lens system comprises two electrodes, one partly nested in the other with an insulating gap therebetween and both so disposed as to encompass the trajectories of the beam from the deflection system to the target of the CRT. A postaccelerating or other postdeflection electrode is provided to exert its field upon at least the target side end of the lens system. Upon application of prescribed potentials to the two lens electrodes and to the postdeflection electrode, the lens system provides a quadrupolar lens therein for deflection amplification in both directions. The lens system further coacts with the postdeflection electrode to create another electron lens adjacent its beam exit end for converging the beam in one of the orthogonal directions of beam deflection.

Abstract: A device for scanning a beam of charged particles comprises longitudinal and cross-sectional scanning electromagnets (1,4) to deflect the beam, respectively, lengthwise and crosswise over the exit window (2), longitudinal and cross-sectional scanning current generators (5, 6) to energize the respective electromagnets (1, 4), and a variable delayer (7) connected between the longitudinal scanning current generator (5) and the synchronizing input of the cross-sectional scanning current generator (6) so that pulses arrive at the input of the variable delayer (7) at the moments when current in the windings of the electromagnet (1) reaches its peak. The variable delayer (7) provides N delay times different from each other by a value of .DELTA. t and set in succession as the pulses arrive at its input, the values N and .DELTA. t being determined from the following relationships:.DELTA.t.ltoreq.d/2f.sub.1 L; N.gtoreq.1/f.sub.2 .DELTA.twhered--diameter of the charged particle beam,f.sub.

Abstract: A high power pulsed electron beam is produced in a system comprised of an electron gun having a heated cathode, control grid, focus ring, and a curved drift tube. The drift tube is maintained at a high positive voltage with respect to the cathode to accelerate electrons passing through the focus ring and to thereby eliminate space charge. A coil surrounding the curved drift tube provides a magnetic field which maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the tube and imparts motion on electrons in a spiral path for shallow penetration of the electrons into a target. The curvature of the tube is selected so there is no line of sight between the cathode and a target holder positioned within a second drift tube spaced coaxially from the curved tube. The second tube and the target holder are maintained at a reference voltage that decelerates the electrons.

Abstract: A trapezoidal or rectangular box-shaped lens is incorporated, in combination with a postaccelerating electrode, in a cathode ray tube for amplification of beam deflections in both horizontal and vertical directions. Basically the lens comprises three lens elements or electrodes arranged end-to-end, with insulating gaps therebetween, so as to encompass the trajectories of the electron beam from the deflection system to the target of the CRT. For improvement of display characteristics the adjacent ends of not only the top and bottom sides, but also the right and left sides, of the electrodes of the lens system are oppositely curved to arcs that are convexed in prescribed directions. An end plate at the beam exit end of the target-side electrode has formed therein an elongate aperture extending in one of the orthogonal directions of beam deflection. The lens system provides a divergent action in one of the orthogonal directions and a doubly convergent action in the other.

Abstract: Shifting of the electron beam emitted from an electron gun is eliminated by placement of deflection electrodes between the electron gun anode and object electrode, whereby the electron beam, during blanking, is deflected away from the electron gun central axis and caused to totally impinge upon blanking and spray electrodes. For deflections less than the deflection required for total blanking, the electron beam is diminished in intensity but is not moved in position from the central gun axis.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube is provided with a rectangular box-shaped lens intermediate the tube's screen and beam deflection plates for amplifying beam deflections in both the horizontal and vertical axes. In one form, useful in either monoaccelerator or PDA tubes, the lens includes four tubular elements disposed end-to-end and spaced apart a sufficient distance to isolate them electrically. The adjacent ends of each pair of the elements are oppositely curved to provide electron lenses having vertical cylindrical mid-surfaces. The radii of the cylindrical surfaces and the voltages applied to each element are adjusted to provide a lens system that produces minimum distortion and optimum linearity in the resultant display.

Abstract: An electron source is disclosed for generating a flow of electrons of substantially narrow energy distribution. Such a source may be incorporated into a cathode ray tube (CRT) where the beam of narrow energy electrons is modulated, as by a grid or other target element of the CRT; the current control characteristics of the CRT are dependent upon the energy distribution of the electron beam, and as the width of this distribution in the beam or flow of electrons is decreased, the sensitivity of the CRT is increased. In accordance with the teachings of this invention, the electron beam source includes a mirror element for critically absorbing incident electrons whose energy is above a predetermined value. Electrons whose energy is below the critical predetermined value are reflected from the mirror element to form an electron flow of a substantially uniform energy level.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube having electrostatic focusing and electrostatic deflection lens which comprises three cylindrical electrode arranged along a common axis. The end electrodes are supplied by a high focusing voltage and the intermediate electrode is divided into at least three segments, each being supplied by a voltage which is a linear combination of a lower focusing voltage and of two deflection voltages.

Abstract: A field emission gun for use in an instrument such as an electron microscope including the field emission tip, an extraction electrode and focusing and accelerating anode means wherein there is disposed between the tip and the accelerating field of the anode means an electric field of a strength expressed in terms of electron voltage, at least equal to the lowest energy secondary electron sought to be prevented from entering the accelerating field.