Abstract: A multi-column electron beam exposure apparatus includes: multiple column cells; an electron beam converging unit in which two annular permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils are surrounded by a ferromagnetic frame, the two annular permanent magnets being magnetized in an optical axis direction and symmetrical about the optical axis, where the electromagnetic coils adjust magnetic fields of the annular permanent magnets; and a substrate provided with circular apertures through which electron beams used in the column cells pass, respectively, where the electron beam converging unit is disposed in each of the circular apertures. The two annular permanent magnets may be disposed one above the other in the optical axis direction, and the electromagnetic coils may be provided inside or outside the annular permanent magnets in their radial direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pulse device having a conductive coil, and optionally a conductive core disposed within the coil and spaced apart there from. One or more plasma discharge devices are disposed at least partially along a length of the conductive coil and are spaced apart from the conductive coil. A spark gap or similar device is attached to the plasma discharge devices to activate them to produce a traveling electric discharge. The discharge creates a traveling short circuit in the conductive coil thereby compressing the magnetic field. The result is the production of an electromagnetic pulse. Further disclosed is a method for producing an electromagnetic pulse.

Abstract: An inductively powered lamp unit 806 is fixed onto a substrate and over a position where a primary inductive loop 803 is spread apart (as at 807). At such sites, a horizontal (or at least parallel to the surface of the substrate) component of alternating magnetic flux is available. The conductors of the loop 802-803 can be inserted in a slit 804 cut into the substrate. The spreading apart of the conductors may be ensured with a spreader 808. A power supply 801 may be a resonant supply operating at 40 kHz. The lamp unit 806 does use a resonant pickup coil which can be shorted so as to minimize coupling, and provide supply regulation. The lamp unit can be controlled by signals transmitted over the primary loop. Applications include roadway markers and fire escape egress indicators, and underwater lighting.

Abstract: In a high intensity discharge lamp, at least one of an arc bend amount and an apparent width of arc is controlled by a simple configuration at low cost. A high intensity discharge lamp system 110 has a high intensity discharge lamp 111 and an operating circuit 113 for driving the high intensity discharge lamp 111. In the high intensity discharge lamp 111, a rare gas and a filling material 136 containing a metal halide as a light generating substance are enclosed in the arc tube 121 provided with a pair of electrodes 122a and 122b. The lamp system is disposed such that the line connecting the electrodes 122a and 122b is horizontal, and by applying a magnetic field having a vertical magnetic flux thereto and by varying the frequency of alternating current for driving the high intensity discharge lamp 111, at least one of an arc bend amount and an apparent width of arc can be easily controlled.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp waveguide structure includes tuned absorbers for spurious RF signals. A lamp waveguide with an integral frequency selective attenuation includes resonant absorbers positioned within the waveguide to absorb spurious out-of-band RF energy. The absorbers have a negligible effect on energy at the selected frequency used to excite plasma in the lamp. In a first embodiment, one or more thin slabs of lossy magnetic material are affixed to the sidewalls of the waveguide at approximately one quarter wavelength of the spurious signal from an end wall of the waveguide. The positioning of the lossy material optimizes absorption of power from the spurious signal. In a second embodiment, one or more thin slabs of lossy magnetic material are used in conjunction with band rejection waveguide filter elements. In a third embodiment, one or more microstrip filter elements are tuned to the frequency of the spurious signal and positioned within the waveguide to couple and absorb the spurious signal's energy.

Abstract: An electrode-less high pressure discharge lamp has a lamp vessel which is surrounded by an electric coil having turns. End portions of the coil are electrically connected to current conductors. The turns of the coil are supported by aluminium nitride, which is in thermal contact with the current conductors. There is a good heat transfer from the coil to the conductors, keeping the coil relatively cool and efficient. The coil screens the lamp vessel to a small extent only, thereby improving the lamp efficacy.

Abstract: An amusement device comprising a gas-filled plasma discharge tube; an electrode adjacent an end of the tube for coupling high-frequency, high-voltage energy into the gas in the plasma discharge tube; an ionization energy supply operably connectable to a source of electrcity for producing an adjustable high-frequency, high-voltage energy at an output thereof having an upper limit sufficient to ionize the gas in the plasma discharge tube without a ground return by utilizing the electrical capacity of the surroundings to provide a reactive impedance for plasma tube current to flow into, the electrode being operable connected to the output; and, a control circuit operably connected to the ionization energy supply for adjusting the level of the high-frequency, high-voltage energy at the output between levels causing ionization of the gas in the plasma discharge tube to occur in differing amounts as a function of a changing stimulus connected to an input thereof.

Abstract: A starter assembly is provided for use with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) tube to reliably initate a plasma at internal pressures above about 30 microns. A conductive probe is inserted within the inductor coil about the tube and insulated from the tube shield assembly. A capacitive circuit is arranged for momentarily connecting a high voltage radio-frequency generator to the probe while simultaneously energizing the coil. When the plasma is initiated the probe is disconnected from the generator and electrically connected to the shield assembly for operation.

Abstract: A new method and apparatus for driving a neon display tube or the like. The tube, containing an ionizable gas, has only a single cathode element at one end in contact with the gas. A power source connected to ionize the gas and cause illumination thereof wherein the power source is connected to the single cathode element and produces alternating voltage referenced to ground potential and of sufficient frequency to cause the gas to ionize through the natural surrounding capacitance between the ionized gas and ground potential. In the preferred embodiment, the power source produces an increasing voltage ramp output whereby the ionization of the gas in the tube moves as a localized ionization along the tube in a direction away from the single cathode element.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp, for example a high pressure sodium or sodium halide lamp, which utilizes a refractory metal spiral with positive electric potential applied to it positioned around the arc tube to aid in starting and inhibit sodium migration through the arc tube during operation.

Abstract: A betatron is disclosed comprising an electromagnet having the gap thereof defined by the shaped tips of its pair of pole cores contains therewithin a vacuum accelerating chamber. The gap contains therewithin at least one bias winding connected in series with the magnetizing winding of the electromagnet. Both windings are excited by one and the same current pulse generator and are coupled to its energy accumulator via the switching elements of the generator. The switching elements of the generator, which return the energy stored by the electromagnet to the accumulator, are coupled to the magnetizing winding.