Abstract: A plasma probe device includes: an antenna installed in an opening portion formed in a wall of a processing container via a seal member that seals between a vacuum space and an atmospheric space; and a light transmission portion installed inside the antenna or forming at least a portion of the antenna, and configured to transmit emission of plasma generated in the vacuum space to the atmospheric space.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for a high-pressure discharge lamp, having a main combustion chamber with first and second main electrodes and an auxiliary combustion chamber including: an inverter having first and second electronic switches and first and second output terminals; a drive circuit for the electronic switches; and an auxiliary starting circuit. The auxiliary starting circuit has input terminals coupled to the output terminals of the inverter; a first output terminal for the first main electrode; a second output terminal for the second main electrode; and an auxiliary electrode arranged on the side of the first output terminal for inducing an auxiliary starting voltage in the auxiliary combustion chamber. The auxiliary starting circuit includes a cascade circuit formed by the auxiliary electrode and the second output terminal of the auxiliary starting circuit, which provides a voltage for starting the high-pressure discharge lamp.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flat discharge lamp and the production method thereof. The flat discharge lamp comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a discharge chamber disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, wherein the discharge chamber is filled with an inert gas, and a plurality of first electrodes and second electrodes are arranged with one another disposed on the discharge chamber. Besides, each of the first electrodes and second electrodes is connected with one end and another end of an alternating power supply, respectively. The invention is characterized in that the discharge chamber is provided with fluorescent film coated on its interior surface and a plurality of third electrodes each disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. Besides, all the third electrodes are connected to a common plane, or each of which is connected to the common plane, respectively.

Abstract: A starting circuit of a starting device for a high-pressure discharge lamp including an auxiliary light source has a diode placed in a forward direction in one of a pair of output lines which connect a main lighting circuit for generating AC voltage to the high-pressure discharge lamp and the auxiliary light source; a capacitor having one end connected to a cathode side of the diode; a boosting transformer including a primary winding, and a secondary winding having one end connected to an anode side of the diode or to the other output line and also having the other end connected to the other end of the capacitor; a high-frequency voltage generation circuit for continuously generating high-frequency voltage in combination with the primary winding; and a short-circuit switch for maintaining a short-circuit condition at both ends of the diode after the high-pressure discharge lamp is started.

Abstract: A receiver that receives a digital signal transmitted on the basis of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) method. This receiver comprises a demodulation unit for demodulating the digital signal, a demapping unit for demapping demodulated data output from the demodulation unit, a frequency deinterleave unit for executing a frequency deinterleaving process on data output from the demapping unit, a delay unit for delaying control information superposed on the digital signal by a prescribed time period, and a time deinterleave unit for executing, on the basis of the interleave length specified by the control information delayed by the delay unit, a time deinterleaving process on data on which the frequency deinterleaving process has been executed.

Abstract: The restart properties of a light source even under the condition of a hot restart is improved, and suppression of the danger of an insulation breakdown in an unintended area is achieved by a light source comprising a discharge lamp in which a pair of main discharge electrodes are located opposite a discharge space; an auxiliary electrode arranged such that it does not come into contact with the discharge space; a feed circuit that supplies a discharge current to the main discharge electrodes; and a starter that produces a high voltage between one of the main discharge electrodes and the auxiliary electrode, wherein, during a time interval during which the starter produces said high voltage, a high voltage is also applied to the main discharge electrodes at least during a portion of the time interval.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement for igniting high-pressure discharge lamps by means of resonance ignition by a resonant circuit. According to the invention, the voltage for an auxiliary ignition electrode is provided by an ignition transformer into which the voltage is fed via an inductor of the resonant circuit. The inductor of the resonant circuit preferably forms the primary winding of the ignition transformer.

Abstract: A method is applied for operating a cold cathode having at least one electron emission portion and a control electrode for controlling an emission of electrons, in which an electron beam is extracted out of the cold cathode by applying operating voltages to the electron emission portion and the control electrode, respectively. At least one auxiliary electron emission portion is provided other than the electron emission portion positioned at an operating position for emitting electrons. In order to replace the electron emission portion to be operated, the electron emission portions are moved so that the auxiliary electron emission portion is positioned at the operating position.

Abstract: The restart properties of a light source even under the condition of a hot restart is improved, and suppression of the danger of an insulation breakdown in an unintended area is achieved by a light source comprising a discharge lamp in which a pair of main discharge electrodes are located opposite a discharge space; an auxiliary electrode arranged such that it does not come into contact with the discharge space; a feed circuit that supplies a discharge current to the main discharge electrodes; and a starter that produces a high voltage between one of the main discharge electrodes and the auxiliary electrode, wherein, during a time interval during which the starter produces said high voltage, a high voltage is also applied to the main discharge electrodes at least during a portion of the time interval.

Abstract: In a flash lamp, a mirror structure (20, 30, 40) is fixed at an inner end portion of an exhaust pipe (21, 34, 44) secured to a center of a stem (6) disposed at a bottom portion of an envelope (H). An arc emission part (S) is located at a focal position of a rounded mirror surface 24.

Abstract: A device for operating a gas discharge lamp is disclosed which includes a voltage transformer preferably an inverse transformer, to whose output a bridge circuit is connected, with the lamp being disposed in the diagonal of the bridge. A component disposed in the vicinity of lamp and able to carry an electrical potential is arranged in such a manner that an electrical field is able to develop between the lamp and the component. The component is connected with that terminal at the output of the voltage transformer at which the potential is positive relative to that at the other terminal.

Abstract: A cold-cathode discharge tube having an anode and a cathode is provided with a proximity conductor which is divided into a first and second proximity conductor members arranged on the outer bottom surface of the discharge tube below the cathode and below the anode respectively. A high voltage is applied to the first conductor member below the cathode, and the second conductor member below the anode is grounded.

Abstract: A fluorescent light source includes a twin tube fluorescent lamp having first and second electrodes at or near the ends thereof for capacitive coupling of RF electrical energy to a low pressure discharge within the fluorescent lamp and a RF source having a first output lead electrically coupled to the first electrode and a second output lead electrically coupled to the second electrode. The capacitive coupling electrodes can be conductive layers on the outside surface of the twin tube fluorescent lamp. In an alternative configuration, the electrodes are cold cathode electrodes located within the twin tube fluorescent lamp. Filaments for emitting electrons are not required. When the RF voltage applied to the fluorescent lamp is not sufficient to initiate discharge, a starting device can be utilized. The fluorescent light source preferably includes a lamp base for supporting the fluorescent lamp. The RF source can be mounted within the lamp base.

Abstract: A gaseous-discharge lamp has a valve defining an interior of the lamp in which an inert gas, such as xenon, is confined. A cup-shaped reflector is disposed in the interior of the lamp, whose inner surface cross-section is preferably a hyperbola or an ellipse so that a collimated light spot is projected outwardly of the lamp or a focused light beam is available. The reflector has a larger-diameter opening facing a light projection window formed on one face of the valve and a bottom portion formed with a hole. An anode and a cathode are disposed in confrontation with each other in a space surrounded by the reflector. A trigger probe electrode intervenes between the anode and the cathode. A sparker electrode is disposed outside of the reflector and in the vicinity of the hole formed in the bottom portion thereof. By the provision of the reflector in the interior of the lamp, light of high radiation intensity is produced from the lamp without increasing the size of the lamp.

Abstract: A metal halide high intensity discharge lamp having an arc tube assembly including a pair of discharge electrodes and a pair of starting electrodes. Each starting electrode is adjacent a respective discharge electrode. During starting, the lamp makes the glow discharge to arc discharge transition in a substantially shorter time than a lamp with a single starting electrode, and exhibits a substantially improved lumen maintenance.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrical driving and recovery system for a high frequency environment. The recovery system can be applied to drive present day direct-current or alternating-current loads for better efficiency. It has a low-voltage source coupled to a vibrator, a transformer and a bridge-type rectifier to provide a high voltage pulsating signal to a first capacitor. Where a high-voltage source is otherwise available, it may be coupled directly to a bridge-type rectifier, causing a pulsating signal to the first capacitor. The first capacitor in turn is coupled to a high voltage anode of an electrical conversion switching element tube. The switching element tube also includes a low voltage anode which is connected to a voltage source by a commutator and a switching element tube. Mounted around the high voltage anode is a charge receiving plate which is coupled to an inductive load to transmit a high voltage discharge from the switching element tube to the load.

Abstract: An electron beam controlled switch employing a radial geometry and a Wire-Ion Plasma-Electron gun (WIP E-gun) as an electron source is disclosed. The switch comprises an inner cylinder that serves as the WIP E-gun cathode, a cylindrical grid that serves as the WIP E-gun anode, an array of fine wire anodes disposed in the WIP E-gun ionization chamber, a foil support cylinder to support the foil windows which also serve as the switch anode, and an outer cylinder which also serves as the switch cathode. The WIP E-gun and ionization chamber is gas filled at low pressure, while the switch cavity is filled with a high pressure gas. A voltage pulse is applied to the wire anodes to ionize the gas in the ionization chamber. The ions are extracted through the chamber grid and accelerated through a high voltage to bombard the E-gun cathode.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for triggering an arc discharge flash lamp that is directly coupled through series circuitry across an alternating current (AC) source. The lamp is ignited by a high voltage pulse generated from a pulse transformer in response to discharge of a voltage doubler charging capacitor by a controlled switch trigger from an RC timing circuit at a predetermined phase of the alternating current power source. Circuit operation is initiated by a switching arrangement which is coupled to the timing circuit through a zero crossing detector and shunt switch for assuring that the timing circuit starts at a predetermined point on the alternating current waveform. In this manner, the lamp reliably flashes with the same intensity each time a flash is requested.

Abstract: The invention relates to a starting and operating device, including an intance in the ignition circuit, for a high pressure discharge lamp, especially for a high pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with metal halide additive, having at least one starting electrode positioned near one of the main electrodes within the discharge vessel. The starting electrode and the main electrode remote from the starting electrode are bridged by an electric circuit externally of the discharge vessel which comprises a current-interrupting and/or current-limiting electrical component. This arrangement of an auxiliary electrode within the discharge vessel of a high pressure discharge lamp brings about a reduction of the supply voltage required for initiation of the discharge which is particularly desirous in the case of high pressure mercury vapor discharge lamps containing metal halides.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for starting a linear metal halide arc discharge lamp while in a transistor switching bridge inverter circuit in the running inverter mode. A high voltage pulse generator is connected to a trigger electrode which is arranged for capacitive coupling to the lamp to supply pulsed high voltage thereto. A synchronizing circuit serves to synchronize application of the high voltage pulse to the trigger electrode with the turn-on of either polarity of the switching inverter. An inhibit circuit prevents high voltage pulsing of the trigger electrode after lamp ionization when the lamp is in a normal operational mode.