Abstract: The disclosed optical signal processor includes a matrix-addressable field emitter array for supplying a controlled electron emission to a two-dimensional signal processor element that may be either a processor of electrical or two-dimensional optical signals.

Abstract: A field emission cathode capable of permitting a voltage required for starting emission of electrons from the emitters to be decreased and the emission to be rendered uniform. The field emission cathode includes cathode electrodes formed on a substrate. On each of the cathode electrodes are arranged a plurality of emitters through diodes each acting as a constant-current element, and gate electrodes are arranged above the emitters. Arrangement of the diodes between the emitters and the cathode electrode permits a drive voltage to be reduced as compared with arrangement of a resistive layer therebetween, because a diode is generally decreased in voltage drop as compared with the resistive layer. Also, the arrangement renders emission of electrons from each of the emitters uniform.

Abstract: A differential amplifier current steering circuit wherein the active circuit elements are realized as field emission devices (FEDs) which provide for an extended range of operation to include modulation/demodulation applications up to the order of one Terahertz and digital logic function applications up to the order of one hundred gigabits per second. In a particular embodiment of the FED switching circuit vertical integration of selectively interconnected FEDs is employed to provide the desired switching circuit function.

Abstract: A display device capable of exhibiting sufficient luminescence using FECs as a plane electron source. The display device includes a substrate section or a cathode substrate and a display substrate section or an anode substrate. The substrate section includes TFT sections and FEC sections each connected to one electrode of each of the TFT sections. The display substrate section includes three anodes arranged in a manner to be divided from each other. On each of the anodes is deposited a phosphor layer. Both substrate sections are arranged opposite to each other through a vacuum atmosphere.

Abstract: The combination of a fluorescent lamp with a grid between its electrodes and control equipment for operating the lamp in an on condition and an off condition by the application of pulses to the grid.

Abstract: A field emission device having a diamond semiconductor electron emitter with an exposed surface exhibiting a low/negative electron affinity which is operably controlled by modulation of a junction depletion region. Application of a suitable operating voltage to a device gate electrode modulates the depletion width to control availability of electrons transiting the bulk of the electron emitter for emission at the exposed surface.

Abstract: A protection arrangement for a high voltage tube includes a low inductance disk resistor connected in series with the anode of the tube. When an electrical discharge occurs within the tube, the increased anode current flows through the resistor which absorbs much of the potentially harmful energy surge. The resistor is a disk resistor comprising two counter-wound planar spirals of resistance wire electrically connected in parallel and counter-wound with respect to one another. Connection arrangements are provided to both electrically and mechanically connect the resistor to the high voltage tube.

Abstract: A vacuum-to-air interface (10) is provided for a high-powered, pulsed particle beam accelerator. The interface comprises a pneumatic high speed gate valve (18), from which extends a vacuum-tight duct (26), that termintes in an aperture (28). Means (32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48) are provided for periodically advancing a foil strip (30) across the aperture (28) at the repetition rate of the particle pulses. A pneumatically operated hollow sealing band (62) urges foil strip (30), when stationary, against and into the aperture (28). Gas pressure means (68, 70) periodically lift off and separate foil strip (30) from aperture (28), so that it may be readily advanced.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium vapor lamp comprising an alumina arc tube within an outer glass envelope is provided with a capacitive starting aid in the interenvelope space. The aid comprises a stiff wire which is pressed lengthwise against the side of the arc tube by a bimetal arm swinging in a plane normal to the lamp axis. Preferably the wire has a camber concave towards the arc tube which is flattened out at room temperature. In the event of a reclosure, the camber shortens the hot restart time.

Abstract: A discharge lamp of non-linear configuration employs a solid wire, internal starting aid and a mount which includes a third lead-in wire whereby the starting aid can be electrically connected into a circuit.

Abstract: A beam mode lamp has two discharge electrodes which alternately function as anode and cathode. One or more modifying electrodes are located between the discharge electrodes. Each modifying electrode is kept equal to or negative with respect to the cathode, raising the operating voltage of the lamp from a normal 20 volts to line voltage.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp operable from an AC potential source includes an arc discharge tube having a pair of oppositely disposed main electrodes therein and an associated external starting electrode, all disposed within a sealed envelope having an affixed base with a circuit means including a negative potential blocking device coupling the starting electrode to the AC potential source.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the flow of high energy electrical pulses to a load using a switch having a plasma cathode which has rapid start up capability and requires no heater power.

Abstract: A cathodoluminescent lamp for use for general lighting service includes an anode constituted by an electrically conducting coating, which may be partly internally reflective, on the interior surface of the bulb wall, a phosphor coating over the whole of the bulb wall interior, a dome-shaped metal mesh grid located near the junction of the bulb with the envelope neck and supported on a hollow metal cylinder, and an electron emissive cathode mounted within the grid/cylinder assembly. The cathode may be a "wreath" filament or indirectly heated disc located near the grid, or a linear filament located near the open end of the cylinder remote from the grid. In the latter case a metal disc, connected to the negative lead to the cathode, is located near the open end of the cylinder, to repel electrons emerging therefrom. A circuit, which may be incorporated in the lampholder, converts the supply to unidirectional operating voltages applied to the anode, grid and cathode.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing fast, repetitive pulses of controllable length of an electron beam by phased energy storage in a transmission line of length matched to the number of pulses and specific pulse lengths desired.

Abstract: The electron-beam converter comprises at least one of each of the following components: a cathode, an anode and, accelerating and control electrodes. The anode has a surface orthogonal with respect to a diverging electron flow and is arranged with respect to the cathode so that the angle between normals to the surfaces of these electrodes is greater than zero but less than 180.degree.. The accelerating electrode is disposed in the opening of this angle. The control electrodes are arranged near the cathode on either side of the electron flow. A cathode-adjacent focusing electrode is arranged behind the control electrode which is on the cathode side opposite to the accelerating electrode, and an anode-adjacent focusing electrode is inserted between the anode and accelerating electrode. All of said electrodes make up an electron-optical system shaping the electron flow into a beam so as to prevent electrons from impinging upon the accelerating electrode.