Abstract: An example current mirror arrangement includes a current mirror circuit, configured to receive an input current signal at an input transistor Q1 and output a mirrored signal at an output transistor Q2. The arrangement further includes a semi-cascoding circuit that includes transistors Q3, Q4, and a two-terminal passive network. The transistor Q3 is coupled to, and forms a cascode with, the output transistor Q2. The transistor Q4 is coupled to the transistor Q3. The base/gate of the transistor Q3 is coupled to a bias voltage Vref, and the base/gate of the transistor Q4 is coupled to a bias voltage Vref1 via the two-terminal passive network. Nonlinearity of the output current from such a current mirror arrangement may be reduced by selecting appropriate impedance of the two-terminal passive network and selecting appropriate bias voltages Vref and Vref1.

Abstract: A magnetically microfocused electron emission source apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may include a magnetic emitter unit, wherein the magnetic emitter unit comprises an emitter. Further, the magnetic emitter unit may include one or more magnetic portions formed from one or more magnetic materials, wherein the one or more magnetic portions of the magnetic emitter unit are configured to generate a magnetic field proximate to a tip of the emitter of the magnetic emitter unit for enhancing focusing of the emitted electrons from the electron emitter.

Abstract: A cold cathode field-emission electron gun includes: an emitter; an extraction electrode which extracts electrons from the emitter; and a biased electrode which is disposed closer to the emitter than the extraction electrode. A voltage applied to the biased electrode is variable.

Abstract: A current control circuit for an ignition system (i.e., igniter current limiter) is disclosed. The current control circuit can reduce a coil current over a soft shut down (SSD) period using an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) that is controlled by a negative feedback loop, which controls the current limit of the IGBT according to a SSD profile. In order to prevent an unwanted current rise during the soft shut down period, the current control circuit compares a gate voltage of the IGBT to a reference signal and based on the comparison can enable the SSD profile to include a fast ramp. The fast ramp quickly lowers the current limit of the IGBT so that the coil current equals the current limit and can be controlled by the negative feedback loop.

Abstract: To provide a high-voltage output amplifier having a wide bandwidth which can efficiently reduce power consumption and allows employment of relatively low withstand voltage Nch MOS FETs without imbalanced voltage distribution between a Nch MOS FET Q101 and a Nch MOS FET Q102 and imbalanced distribution between a Nch MOS FET Q201 and a Nch MOS FET Q202. A high-voltage amplifier of a positive-side output stage circuit comprises a Nch MOS FET Q101 and a Nch MOS FET Q102, while a high-voltage amplifier of a negative-side output stage circuit comprises a Nch MOS FET Q201 and a Nch MOS FET Q 202. The source of the Nch MOS FET Q101 is connected to the drain of the Nch MOS FET Q102, the source of the Nch MOS FET Q201 is connected to the drain of the Nch MOS FET Q202. Current controls at the source of the Nch MOS FET Q102 and the source of the Nch MOS FET Q202 are conducted respectively. The current control at the source of the Nch MOS FET Q202 is conducted by a negative-side photo coupler.

Abstract: An electron-optical system for inspecting or reviewing an edge portion of a sample includes an electron beam source configured to generate one or more electron beams, a sample stage configured to secure the sample and an electron-optical column including a set of electron-optical elements configured to direct at least a portion of the one or more electron beams onto an edge portion of the sample. The system also includes a sample position reference device disposed about the sample and a guard ring device disposed between the edge of the sample and the sample position reference device to compensate for one or more fringe fields. One or more characteristics of the guard ring device are adjustable. The system also includes a detector assembly configured to detect electrons emanating from the surface of the sample.

Abstract: A flash unit that includes a flash generator having at least one energy storage element and at least two light source channels as well as having at least two flash tubes, the flash tubes being supplied with energy by the energy storage element by means of the light source channels. The flash unit further includes an energy quantity control device, by means of which it is possible to provide for each light source channel any desired energy quantity from a minimum charge to a maximum charge of the at least one energy storage element, and a color temperature control device, by means of which it is possible to set a color temperature for each light source channel independently of the energy quantity provided therefor. The functions of all light source channels are fully equivalent.

Abstract: A technique for indirectly measuring the degree of alignment of a beam in an electron-optical system including aligning means, focusing means and deflection means. To carry out the measurements, a simple sensor may be used, even a single-element sensor, provided it has a well-defined spatial extent. When practiced in connection with an X-ray source which is operable to produce an X-ray target, further, a technique for determining and controlling a width of an electron-beam at its intersection point with the target.

Abstract: A RF amplifier circuit including a plurality of FET devices, where a source terminal of an FET device is electrically coupled to the drain terminal of another FET device. The circuit further includes a voltage divider network and a plurality of operational amplifiers, where a separate one of the operational amplifiers is provided for each FET device. Each operational amplifier includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal, where the output terminal for a particular operational amplifier is electrically coupled to a gate terminal of a particular FET device, the negative input terminal of each operational amplifier is electrically coupled to the source terminal of the particular FET device and the positive input terminal of each operational amplifier is electrically coupled to the voltage divider network. A source resistor is electrically coupled to the source terminal of a bottom FET device in the stack.

Abstract: A video conference system provides “in the room” telepresence to near end participants. The video conference system includes a frameless or bezelless display device placed in front of a front wall for displaying edge-to-edge 3D images of far end participants. Color of the near end front wall is configured to be the same as the color of the far end rear wall. As a result, images displayed on the display device can merge or blend into the near end front wall, giving the near end participants the perception that the far end participants are actually in the near end conference room. Brightness of the faces/bodies of the near end participants can also be adjusted to match the brightness of the face/bodies of the images of the far end participants as they appear on the display device—therefore enhancing the in the room perception of the far end participants.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method of switching more than one bias voltage within an electron beam tube in order to achieve electron beam cutoff. The invention is particularly useful for high-perveance electron tubes in which a large change in focus-electrode-to-cathode or anode-cathode voltage might otherwise be needed to achieve cutoff. In one embodiment of the invention, the cathode and anode bias voltages are both switched by magnitudes well within the capabilities of standard high-voltage switches to achieve beam cutoff.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for field emission device. An array of carbon nanotubes is arranged in a variable height distribution over a cathode substrate. An anode is provided to accelerate the emitted electrons toward an x-ray plate. Voltage is supplied across the array of carbon nanotubes to cause emission of electrons. The pointed height distribution may be linear or parabolic, and a peak height of the variable height distribution may occur in a center of the array. A side gate may also be provided adjacent the array of carbon nanotubes to provide improved electron emission and focusing control.

Abstract: A device and method for generation of a dynamic focus correction signal for use with a CRT that includes an analog scanning processor for generating a dynamic focus correction signal that is proportional to Kx2+(1?K)x4, where x is the distance from a mid point of a viewing surface of the CRT, and K is a real number in the range 0.00 to 1.00. Embodiments of the invention find particular use in CRTs having generally flatter, squarer configurations.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron beam apparatus for irradiating a sample with primary electron beams to detect secondary electron beams generated from a surface of the sample by the irradiation for evaluating the sample surface. In the electron beam apparatus, an electron gun has a cathode for emitting primary electron beams. The cathode includes a plurality of emitters for emitting primary electron beams, arranged apart from one another on a circle centered at an optical axis of a primary electro-optical system. The plurality of emitters are arranged such that when the plurality of emitters are projected onto a straight line parallel with a direction in which the primary electron beams are scanned, resulting points on the straight line are spaced at equal intervals.

Abstract: A dynamic focus amplifier for generating a dynamic focus voltage for a focus electrode for a cathode ray tube at a capacitive load includes a source of a periodic signal at a horizontal deflection frequency. A pull-down transistor is responsive to the periodic signal and coupled to the capacitive load for producing, in accordance with the periodic signal, a first portion of the dynamic focus voltage that decreases, during a first portion of a period of the periodic signal. A storage capacitor is coupled to the capacitive load for replenishing a charge stored in the storage capacitor from a charge stored in the capacitive load to develop a control voltage in the storage capacitor. A pull-up transistor is responsive to the control voltage and coupled to a source of a high voltage and to the capacitive load for producing from the high voltage a current that is coupled to the capacitive load.

Abstract: A CRT includes an electron gun that includes a cathode adapted to emit thermal electrons, a first electrode and a second electrode adapted to form a triode portion together with the cathode, a plurality of focusing electrodes, an anode electrode and a subsidiary electrode arranged between the second electrode and a one of said plurality of focusing electrode adjacent to the second electrode. The subsidiary electrode is adapted to dynamically control an imaginary crossover point ofelectron beams emanating from the electron gun corresponding to landing locations ofthe electron beams on a phosphor screen of a panel in response to a voltage applied thereto.

Abstract: A method of TEM sample preparation from a circuit layer structure, the method comprising electron-beam assisted deposition of a first protective layer over a site of interest of the circuit layer structure; ion-beam assisted deposition of a second protective layer over the first protective layer; and ion-beam milling at the site of interest through the first and second protective layers.

Abstract: A conductive film isolated from an inner conductive film is formed on an inner wall of a neck. Assuming that, among a plurality of focusing electrodes constituting an electron gun, a position in a tube axis direction of an end on an anode side of an anode-side focusing electrode placed at a position closest to the anode side is P0; among electrodes supplied with substantially the same voltage as that of the anode-side focusing electrode and arranged continuously from the anode-side focusing electrode, a position in the tube axis direction of an end on a beam generating portion side of an electrode placed at a position closest to the beam generating portion side is P1; in the tube axis direction, a position of an end on the beam generating portion side of the conductive film is PL1 and a position of an end on the panel side of the conductive film is PL2, the position P0 is placed between the position PL1 and the position PL2.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube has an electron gun oriented along an axis (Z), comprising a quadrupolar device which comprises three electrodes (5, 6, 7). Each electrode possesses a central aperture, a right lateral aperture and a left lateral aperture all three substantially rectangular. The centers (c5.1, c7.1) of the central apertures of the three electrodes are aligned along the axis (Z) of the gun. The centers (c6.1, c6.3) of the left and right lateral apertures of the second electrode (6) are situated along respectively a first axis (z1) and a second axis (z3) that are parallel to the axis (Z) of the gun. The centers (c5.1, c7.1) of the left and right lateral apertures (5.1, 5.3, 7.1, 7.3) of the first and/or of the third electrode (5,7) are offset with respect to the axes (z1, z3) passing through the centers of the apertures of the second electrode. Such an arrangement makes it possible to correct the MODEC defects.

Abstract: A video display apparatus includes a cathode ray tube and a high voltage transformer. The high voltage transformer incorporates a high voltage winding for producing an anode voltage in the cathode ray tube. The high voltage winding has a tap which provides a focus voltage for the electron gun assembly of the cathode ray tube. The transformer also includes a primary winding which is included in a resonant circuit. A third winding has a second portion that is wound to be closely coupled to the portion of the high voltage winding not associated with the generation of focus voltage. The third winding is coupled between the primary winding and a capacitor to produce a current that controls a variation of a ratio between the focus voltage and the anode voltage as a function of variation in a beam current in the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A main lens is formed by a focus electrode, an intermediate electrode, and an anode electrode successively arranged in a traveling direction of an electron beam. The focus electrode and the anode electrode respectively have an electron beam passage aperture common to three electron beams, having a major axis in a horizontal direction in a portion opposed to the intermediate electrode, and three electron beam passage apertures through which the three electron beams pass are formed respectively in the focus electrode and the anode electrode. Aperture dimensions in a vertical direction of the electron beam passage apertures common to the three electron beams formed respectively in the focus electrode and the anode electrode are smaller than those in the vertical direction of the electron beam passage apertures formed in portions of the intermediate electrode respectively opposed to the focus electrode and the anode electrode.

Abstract: A prefocus lens section is formed by a screen electrode and an additional electrode. A main lens section is formed by a focus electrode, an anode electrode and an intermediate electrode that is disposed between the focus electrode and the anode electrode. Each of the focus electrode and the intermediate electrode has a cylindrical electrode on at least one of opposed faces thereof. The intermediate electrode and the anode electrode have cylindrical electrodes on opposed faces thereof. A voltage with a level higher than a focus voltage and lower than an anode voltage is applied to the additional electrode and the intermediate electrode.

Abstract: A parabola generator for providing dynamic correction includes a capacitor source of a parabolic input signal at a frequency related to a horizontal deflection frequency coupled to a first terminal of the capacitor. A diode switch is coupled to a voltage at a reference level and to a second terminal of the capacitor for periodically clamping a peak level of a signal developed at the second terminal. A transistor switch is responsive to a periodic switch control signal and coupled to the second terminal of the capacitor for periodically clamping a signal applied from the second terminal, during retrace, for removing a parasitic parabolic voltage portion to generate a dynamic correction signal. The dynamic correction signal is coupled to the cathode ray tube to vary a field in a beam path of an electron beam of the cathode ray tube for providing dynamic correction.

Abstract: An electron beam trajectory controlling device includes a main deflection section having a first main coil and defining a first path and being configured to control a trajectory of an electron traveling along the first path. The main deflection section includes a first auxiliary coil provided proximate the first main coil. A minor deflection section is provided adjacent to the main deflection section and has a first minor coil that is coupled to the first auxiliary coil. The minor deflection section defines a second electron path that is aligned to the first path. The minor deflection section cooperates with the main deflection section to control the trajectory of the electron.

Abstract: A cold-cathode electron source having an improved utilization efficiency of an electron beam and a simple structure. The cold-cathode electron source comprises a gate electrode (4) provided on a substrate (2) through an insulating layer (3) and an emitter (6) extending through the insulating layer (3) and the gate electrode (4) and disposed in an opening of the gate. During the emission of electrons from the emitter (6), the following relationships are satisfied: 10 [V/?m]?(Va?Vg)/(Ha?Hg)?Vg/Hg; and Vg/Hg [V/?m]?Va×10?4×(9.7?1.3×1n(Hg))×(1000/Ha)0.5, where Ha [?m] is an anode-emitter distance, Va [V] is an anode-emitter voltage, Hg [?m] is a gate-emitter distance, and Vg [V] is a gate-emitter voltage.

Abstract: A plastic container for the storage and transport of liquids, particularly aggressive liquids, comprising a practically rectangular bottom, a top wall with a filling or pouring hole, and standing walls which each connect to the circumferential seam of both the bottom and the top, and four standing edge strips each connecting two walls, which container is manufactured by the blow-molding process, wherein the standing wall portions have a convex form, wherein either the standing edge strips widen at the top and the bottom and, as seen in a cross-section running parallel to the bottom, the standing edge strips have a radius of curvature equal to or greater than that of the standing wall portions to which they are connected.

Abstract: When the focal point of the objective lens of a charged-particle beam lithographic system is shifted according to the deflection position within a writing field, the image magnification of the objective lens will vary. In the present invention, the focal point of the objective lens is shifted in a corresponding manner to deflection positions in X- and Y-directions, respectively. Amounts of variations in the image magnification are previously measured, as well as the amounts of shifts. The results are stored in a memory. During lithographic writing, the focus of the objective lens is varied by referring to the memory according to the deflection positions. The size and position of a pattern to be written are corrected by controlling a shaping deflector and a positioning deflector.

Abstract: Electron gun for cathode ray tube comprising aligned in series along an axis XX? an electron-emitting cathode K, electrodes G1 and G2 for the formation of an electron beam, a prefocusing electron lens G3, G4, G5, a first quadripolar device G7, G8 electrically controlled in a dynamic manner in synchronism with the screen scan so as to correct beam focusing defects at the screen edge, a main electron lens G8–G9 making it possible to focus the electron beam onto a screen. It also comprises a second quadripolar device G5, G6, G7situated between the prefocusing electron lens G3, G4 and the first quadripolar device and comprising electrodes G5, G6, G7exhibiting rectangular apertures. Those of G5 and G7 are parallel and those of G6 are orthogonal to those of G5 and G7. The electrodes G5 and G7 are placed at a fixed polarization potential, and the electrode G6 is at a polarization potential varying in synchronism with the screen scan.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes a triode portion including cathodes, a first electrode, and a second electrode arranged with predetermined gaps therebetween. A plurality of electrodes arranged in sequence starting from a position adjacent to the second electrode. The electrodes receiving a voltage, for example, a constant voltage or a dynamic voltage. The dynamic voltage is synchronized with a deflection signal of electron beams. An anode electrode is positioned having a predetermined gap between the electrode arranged farthest from the cathodes. A support maintains the electrodes at predetermined intervals. One of the electrodes is a multiple-element electrode that includes two interconnected sub-electrodes. Gaps are formed between portions the sub-electrodes of the multiple-element electrode.

Abstract: A prefocus lens section is formed by a second grid and a third grid in a substantially rotation-symmetric fashion. A sub-lens section is formed by the third grid and a first segment. A main lens section is formed by a fourth grid and a fifth grid. The third grid is supplied with a voltage that is higher than a focus voltage and lower than an anode voltage. An electron beam, which is prior to entering the main lens section, is shaped to have a greater horizontal dimension than a vertical dimension.

Abstract: A prefocus lens section in an electron gun assembly includes a second grid that is disposed on an electron beam generating section side, a third grid that is disposed on a main lens section side, and a shield grid that is disposed between the second grid and the third grid. The shield grid is a cup-shaped electrode with a side wall that surrounds an outer peripheral part of the third grid, which part is located on the second grid side, and extends in parallel to a tube axis. The shield grid has a bottom surface disposed to face the second grid and has an open end disposed to face the third grid. A relationship, Ec<Vf<Er, is established, where Ec is a potential applied to the second grid, Vf is a potential applied to the shield grid, and Er is a potential applied to the third grid.

Abstract: The invention provides a focussing electron beam device with a single or an array of field emitter beam sources to generate electron beams with field emitter beam sources, at least one anode capable of accelerating the electrons of the electron beams towards a specimen, focussing components capable of focussing the electron beams onto the specimen and a control circuit that a) senses for deviations of the actual current values of the electron beams from desired current values; b) controls first voltages V1 to adjust the actual current values of the electron beams to the desired current values and c) controls second voltages V2 to adjust the actual focus positions of the electron beams to the desired focus positions. The voltage control circuit adjusts the actual current values of the electron beams to the desired current values and makes it possible to adjust the current values of an array of electron beams to a single value.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube video display comprises a cathode ray tube (CRT) for displaying a video signal (Vin) coupled thereto. A cathode ray tube electron beam blanker (201) is coupled to the cathode ray tube (CRT) and is responsive to a blanking trigger signal (GK) for blanking an electron beam (e) within the cathode ray tube (CRT). A blanking controller (200) is coupled to the cathode ray tube electron beam blanker (201) and generates the blanking trigger signal (Gk) for controlling electron beam blanking, wherein the electron beam (e) is blanked for different durations in accordance with one of a hot and cold start condition.

Abstract: Correction of electron beam landing misalignment in a raster-type display is undertaken without using the usual set of coils, but rather by superimposing a landing misalignment correction signal on the already-existing velocity modulation (VM) coil or on another coil located at the junction of the electron beams in the neck of the display. The correction signal may be varied based on pressure, temperature, and ambient magnetic field as indicated by respective sensors to appropriately correct electron beam landing on phosphors the positions of which may be affected by variations in magnetic fields, temperature, and pressure.

Abstract: A low voltage Einzel gun design maximizes the size of the second main lens to reduce spherical aberrations thereby reducing spot-size and improving focus quality. The gun's final accelerator electrode is formed as an internal conductive coating on the neck, which is connected to anode potential through an anode button. The jumper between the final and second accelerator electrodes is removed and the second accelerator electrode is connected through the high voltage stem pin to an external potential. Connection of the high voltage stem pin to anode potential defines an Einzel gun. The focus electrode is now connected to one of the low voltage stem pins. In a high voltage Einzel gun, connecting the second accelerator electrode and focus electrode to the high voltage and a low voltage stem pin, respectively, would cause arcing between the pins.

Abstract: In a circuit and method of controlling the horizontal and vertical screen sizes of a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor, the circuit includes a horizontal screen size compensation circuit, an east-west correction signal controller, a vertical screen size compensation circuit, and a vertical screen size correction signal controller. The horizontal screen size compensation circuit compares the voltage value of a horizontal screen size correction signal with the voltage value of a horizontal reference voltage to obtain first and second horizontal current signals. In response to a horizontal control signal, the horizontal screen size compensation circuit outputs a horizontal correction current signal obtained by subtracting a horizontal variable current signal from the first horizontal current signal.

Abstract: Electron gun for cathode ray tube comprising aligned in series along an axis XX′ an electron-emitting cathode K, electrodes G1 and G2 for the formation of an electron beam, a prefocusing electron lens G3, G4, G5, a first quadripolar device G7, G8 electrically controlled in a dynamic manner in synchronism with the screen scan so as to correct beam focusing defects at the screen edge, a main electron lens G8-G9 making it possible to focus the electron beam onto a screen.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes at least one auxiliary quadruple lens forming unit adapted to control an electron beam diverging in the vertical direction and focused in the horizontal direction by a plurality of focus electrodes, at least one first quadruple lens forming unit adapted to control the electron beam passing through the auxiliary quadruple lens focused in the vertical direction and diverging in the horizontal direction, and at least one second quadruple forming unit adapted to control the electron beam passing through the first quadruple lens diverging in the vertical direction and focused in the horizontal direction, installed between the screen electrode of a triode portion and a final acceleration electrode of the cathode ray tube and sequentially arranged in a direction from a screen electrode to a screen of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cathode ray tube which exhibits a favorable contrast by enhancing a speed modulation effect. A front-stage anode electrode and a focus electrode which constitute an electron gun are respectively divided into a plurality of portions. A plurality of portions of the divided front-stage anode electrode are arranged in the tube axis direction at given intervals and are electrically connected with each other. A plurality of portions of the divided focus electrode are arranged in the tube axis direction at given intervals and are electrically connected with each other. Due to gaps formed in the front-stage anode electrode and the focus electrode, the speed modulation effect is increased.

Abstract: A focusing electrode and a final accelerating electrode accommodate, respectively, a first and a second field forming electrode in positions set back from a first and a second aperture of their end faces opposed to each other. The first and the second field forming electrode have three electron beam passage apertures disposed in an in-line arrangement. When the in-line direction is an X-axis direction, a direction perpendicular to the in-line direction is a Y-axis direction and the center of a central electron beam passage aperture formed in the first field forming electrode is X=0 and Y=0, the central electron beam passage aperture has a shape that passes through the intersection points of the X-axis and the Y-axis with a curve represented by the equation (X/R1)2+(Y/R2)2=1 (where R1 and R2 are constants) and that has an area smaller than the area encircled by the curve.

Abstract: A circuit and a method for controlling a delay of a dynamic focus signal are provided. The delay control circuit includes a pulse center detecting circuit, a first delay control signal generating circuit, and a selection circuit. The pulse center detecting circuit generates a center detecting signal that detects a pulse center of a first pulse signal. The first delay control signal generating circuit generates a first delay control signal having a first logic level or a second logic level depending on the result of a comparison of a first comparative signal level generated in a form of a first degree function in response to the first pulse signal with a predetermined second comparative signal level. The selection circuit selects one of the center detecting signal and the first delay control signal in response to a predetermined selection signal and generates the selected signal as a second delay control signal that controls an amount of delay time of the dynamic focus signal.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube (CRT) has an electron gun including a cathode for emitting electron beams, a control electrode for controlling emission of the electron beams from the cathode, and a screen electrode for accelerating the flow of the electron beams passing the control electrode are arranged in series. In the CRT, during a scanning period, a voltage applied to at least one of the control electrode and the screen electrode changes in response to a voltage of a data signal applied to the cathode. The control electrode and screen electrode each include three mutually electrically insulated sections for independently controlling each of three electron beams passing through the electrodes.

Abstract: The invention provides a focussing electron beam device comprising a single or an array of field emitter beam sources to generate electron beams with field emitter beam sources, at least one anode capable of accelerating the electrons of the electron beams towards a specimen, focussing components capable of focussing the electron beams onto the specimen and a control circuit that: a) senses for deviations of the actual current values of the electron beams from desired current values; b) controls first voltages V1 to adjust the actual current values of the electron beams to the desired current values; and c) controls second voltages V2 to adjust the actual focus positions of the electron beams to the desired focus positions. The voltage control circuit adjusts the actual current values of the electron beams to the desired current values and makes it possible to adjust the current values of an array of electron beams to a single value.

Abstract: An electron gun for a color CRT includes a triode unit including a cathode, a control electrode, and a screen electrode for emitting an electron beam, first and second auxiliary focusing electrodes sequentially installed coaxially with the triode unit, for forming auxiliary lenses, first and second focusing electrodes installed coaxially with the first and second electrodes, for forming a quadrupole lens, and a final acceleration electrode installed close to the second focusing electrode, for forming a main lens. In the electron gun, protruding portions having flat surfaces corresponding to opposite surfaces of the first and second focusing electrodes are formed on at least one of the opposite surfaces of the first and second focusing electrodes to change the profile of the electron beam by applying a dynamic focus voltage to the edge of electron beam passing holes formed in the opposite surfaces.

Abstract: A main lens section of an electron gun assembly comprises a fifth grid supplied with a focus voltage, a sixth grid supplied with a dynamic focus voltage, a first intermediate electrode, a second intermediate electrode, and a seventh grid. The main lens section includes an electric field lens acting commonly on the electron beams on a focus region side of the main lens section, which is formed by the fifth grid, sixth grid and first intermediate electrode, and a plurality of electric field lenses acting respectively on the electron beams on a divergence region side of the main lens section, which is formed by the second intermediate electrode and seventh grid.

Abstract: An electron beam trajectory controlling device includes a main deflection section having a first main coil and defining a first path and being configured to control a trajectory of an electron traveling along the first path. The main deflection section includes a first auxiliary coil provided proximate the first main coil. A minor deflection section is provided adjacent to the main deflection section and has a first minor coil that is coupled to the first auxiliary coil. The minor deflection section defines a second electron path that is aligned to the first path. The minor deflection section cooperates with the main deflection section to control the trajectory of the electron.

Abstract: An electron beam generating apparatus for generating a plurality of electron beams, which includes: a plurality of cathodes for generating thermoelectrons; a cathode power supply unit for applying negative voltage to the cathodes so as to emit the thermoelectrons from the cathodes; a plurality of grids, which correspond to the plurality of cathodes respectively, for focusing the thermoelectrons emitted from each of the plurality of cathodes, and shaping the plurality of electron beams; and an insulator on which the plurality of cathodes and the plurality of grids are attached.

Abstract: In a television receiver, a dynamic, parabolic correction voltage for focusing is generated by way of a transformer whose primary winding is fed with the line deflection current or a line-frequency voltage and to whose secondary winding a capacitor is connected, which capacitor integrates the sawtooth-waveform current in the secondary winding into a parabolic voltage. New types of picture tubes require a correction voltage which does not have a parabolic profile, rather whose form corresponds approximately to the cross section through the center of a bathtub. It is an object to provide a simple circuit for generating such a bathtub-waveform correction voltage.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes a triode potion including cathodes, a first electrode, and a second electrode arranged with predetermined gaps therebetween. A plurality of electrodes arranged in sequence starting from a position adjacent to the second electrode. The electrodes receiving a voltage, for example, a constant voltage or a dynamic voltage. The dynamic voltage is synchronized with a deflection signal of electron beams. An anode electrode is positioned having a predetermined gap between the electrode arranged farthest from the cathodes. A support maintains the electrodes at predetermined intervals. One of the electrodes is a multiple-element electrode that includes two interconnected sub-electrodes. Gaps are formed between portions the sub-electrodes of the multiple-element electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a dynamic focus signal appropriate for a flat-type CDT, or flat-screen CRT has a first multiplier for receiving a horizontal sawtooth wave and outputting the square component of the wave; a second multiplier for receiving a vertical sawtooth wave and outputting the square component of the wave; a third multiplier for multiplying the outputs of the first and the second multipliers; and a mixer for mixing the outputs of the first through the third multipliers and outputting the result as a dynamic focus signal. The apparatus is able to perform optimal focus control appropriate for a flat-screen CRT.