Abstract: A brushless motor drive device switches energization modes for supplying power to two phases of a three-phase brushless motor, based on an induced voltage induced in a non-energized phase. In a case in which a target duty ratio Dt, which is a duty ratio of a PWM signal according to a manipulated variable of the brushless motor becomes less than a detection limit value Dlim, which is the lower limit of a duty ratio capable of detecting an induced voltage, there is set a detection timing (1/N) for detecting an induced voltage according to the cycle of a PWM signal, and a detection time duty ratio D1, which is a duty ratio of the PWM signal at the detection timing, is restricted to Dlim.

Abstract: According to one illustrative embodiment, a washing machine comprises a motor including a plurality of coils and one or more permanent magnets, an inverter configured to supply current to the plurality of coils and to measure a back electromotive force (BEMF) waveform from the plurality of coils, and an electronic control unit (ECU) configured to (i) integrate the BEMF waveform to generate an integrated BEMF waveform, (ii) determine a magnetic flux of the one or more permanent magnets using an amplitude of the integrated BEMF waveform, and (iii) control the current supplied by the inverter based at least in part upon the determined magnetic flux.

Abstract: A first input of a differential circuit is coupled to a coil tap for a first phase of a multi-phase brushless DC motor. The first phase is associated with an electrically floating coil. A second input of the differential circuit is coupled to a virtual center tap. A divider circuit is coupled between coil taps for other phases of the multi-phase brushless DC motor to define a virtual center tap. The other phases are phases actuated for motor operation when the first phase is electrically floating. The coil tap for the first phase is electrically isolated from the virtual center tap. The differential circuit performs a comparison of the voltage at the coil tap for the first phase to the voltage at the virtual center tap to generate a back EMF signal.

Abstract: The system and method disclose for the controlling of sequential phase switching in driving a set of stator windings of a multi-phase sensorless brushless permanent magnet DC motor. A motor controller controls a power stage that drives two windings of a set of three windings in the motor with pulse width modulated signal. A plurality of voltage values on an undriven winding of the set of three windings are sampled within a window of time, wherein a period beginning when the driven windings are energized and ending when the driven windings are de-energized encompasses the window of time. The sampled voltage values are processed. When the processed voltage values exceed a threshold, the motor controller changes which two windings are driven.

Abstract: A system includes a motor, an inverter bridge, a voltage detection circuit, and a controller. The motor has a stator and a rotor. The inverter bridge is configured to provide a voltage to the stator, and includes a first switch connected in a series-type relationship with a second switch, a first diode coupled across the first switch, and a second diode coupled across the second switch. The voltage detection circuit is configured to detect a back EMF voltage in the winding. The controller is configured to control the first switch and the second switch to drive the motor, and to receive an indication of the back EMF voltage in the winding from the voltage detection circuit. The controller is also configured to determine a fault has occurred, and to drive one of the first switch and the second switch when a fault has occurred.

Abstract: A method for determining a time for a zero crossing of a phase current in a polyphase electrical machine (2). The method including driving a driver circuit (31; 50) for providing phase voltages to operate the electrical machine (2); deactivating a pulse-width-modulated driving by at least one power switch (36, 37; 52, 53), such that no potential is applied to connecting nodes (AI, A2, B1, B2) by the driver circuit (31; 50), at least during a time segment in each cycle of the pulse width modulation; detecting a diode voltage via a freewheeling diode, with which the deactivated power switch (36, 37; 52, 53) has been provided, within the time segment; and fixing the time for the zero crossing of the phase current as the time after which there is no longer a diode voltage present across the freewheeling diode (40; 54) within the time segment.

Abstract: A three-phase synchronous motor drive device includes: a three-phase inverter 3 that drives a motor 4 that is as a three-phase synchronous motor, and that includes switching elements for three phases; a controller 2 that functions as a control unit that selects four switched states from a plurality of switched states that represent on/off states of the switching elements for the three phases, and that sequentially controls the three-phase inverter in the four switched states; a neutral point potential amplifier 13 that functions as a neutral point potential detection unit that detects a neutral point potential Vn0 of stator windings (Lu, Lv, Lw) of the motor 4 in each of the four switched states. It is configured that a rotor position of the three-phase synchronous motor is estimated over a full range of an electrical angle cycle based on at least three of four neutral point potentials detected in the four switched states.

Abstract: An electric motor (40) has a permanent-magnet rotor (46) and an apparatus for generating a three-phase sinusoidal current (i202, i204, i206) for supplying current to said motor (40), also a microprocessor (95) for executing the following steps: while the motor (40) is running at a substantially constant load, the motor is operated firstly at a predetermined operating voltage (U), and an amplitude of a current flowing to the motor is iteratively sampled, stored, and compared as applied voltage is decreased. If it is found, in this context, that the current flowing to the motor has not decreased as a result of reduction in the voltage amplitude, the motor (40) is operated at that current. If, however, it is found that the current flowing to the motor has decreased as a result of the reduction in the voltage delivered to the motor (40), the measurements and the comparison are repeated, optionally multiple times, in order to identify values for optimized efficiency.

Abstract: Back-emf for a motor is measured by measuring a voltage across the input terminals for a two terminal input actuator or motor when a high frequency driver having a recirculation phase for the motor applies an instantaneous high frequency zero voltage during normal operation of the driver. By a further approach, current across the two terminal input is measured such that the measurement can be taken when the current crosses a given threshold near zero.

Abstract: A control system for a motor includes an inverter coupled to the motor. The control system further includes a microcontroller coupled to the inverter. The microcontroller includes a processor programmed to measure an input voltage and acquire a back EMF voltage of the motor. The processor is also programmed to control the inverter to regulate the motor voltage based on the input voltage and the back EMF voltage to facilitate controlling the motor.

Abstract: An apparatus, comprises three driver FETs coupled at their sources; note-driver circuit; a first sense FET coupled to the sources of the three driver FETs; a current mirror having the first sense FET and a mirror FET; wherein the first sense FET is coupled to the mirror FET; a first transconductance amplifier coupled to the first sense FET; a second amplifier coupled to the current mirror, and an output of the first transconductance amplifier is an input to the second amplifier.

Abstract: To provide a parallel drive system that can reduce vibrations of an arm member and can realize positioning at a high speed even when a slave servomotor does not have a position detector, at a low cost. To achieve this object, a parallel drive system of the invention includes: a master servomotor and a slave servomotor that include linearly-moving movable units that are arranged in parallel to each other, respectively; and an arm member that forms a bridge between the two movable units. The system includes: a position detector detecting position information on the movable unit of the master servomotor; an acceleration sensor detecting acceleration information on the movable unit of the slave servomotor; a master servo amplifier controlling the master servomotor based on the position information; and a slave servo amplifier controlling the slave servomotor based on the position information and the acceleration information.

Abstract: A brushless wound field synchronous generator configured to generate an output power to drive an electrical load includes a rotating rectifier assembly. The rotating rectifier assembly includes a rotating diode assembly and a field effect transistor (FET) to control voltage across the rotating diode assembly.

Abstract: A method of driving a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor includes sensing or estimating a back electromotive force induced in at least a winding of the motor by the rotation of a rotor of the motor; and reading, from a memory, values of a first voltage waveform having a phase angle with respect to the back electromotive force. The method also includes generating a driving voltage corresponding to the sum of values of a control voltage, obtained as product of the values of the first voltage waveform by a first coefficient determined as a function of a desired value of motor torque, and values of a cancelation voltage of the back electromotive force. The method also includes applying the driving voltage at the motor winding.

Abstract: A method of controlling a brushless motor that includes rectifying an alternating voltage to provide a rectified voltage, exciting a winding of the motor with the rectified voltage and freewheeling the winding when current in the winding exceeds a threshold. The winding is freewheeled for a freewheel period, which is updated in response to a zero-crossing in the alternating voltage. Additionally, a control system that implements the method, and a motor system that incorporates the control system.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) motor controller. The motor controller includes a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller configured to generate PWM signals and to provide the PWM signals to an inverter. The motor controller also includes an angle sampler configured to receive a commanded voltage angle signal and to provide the commanded voltage angle signal as an output signal in response to a triggering event. The triggering event is based on a voltage or a current associated with an input or an output of the inverter. The motor controller further includes a first combiner configured to combine (i) a feed-forward voltage angle signal and (ii) a second signal based on the output signal. The first combiner is configured to generate the commanded voltage angle signal. In addition, the motor controller includes a second combiner configured to combine a feed-forward voltage amplitude signal and the second signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling an electrical machine (10) by means of an inverter (12), in particular for use in a motor vehicle, wherein the inverter (12) has a plurality of controllable circuit breakers (14) which are designed to convert a DC voltage from a voltage source (22), which is coupled to the circuit breakers (14), into an AC voltage for supplying electrical energy to the electrical machine (10), wherein the electrical machine (10) is then switched to a freewheeling mode (32) by opening all the circuit breakers (14) of the inverter (12), wherein a phase current of the electrical machine (10) is detected, wherein the electrical machine (10) is switched from the freewheeling mode (32) to a short-circuit mode (36) as a function of a comparison (34) of the phase current, or of a first variable which is derived from the phrase current, with a first reference value, wherein the circuit breakers (14) which are associated with a first potential of the voltage source (22) are closed in th

Abstract: An integrated circuit for controlling operation of a motor of a fan assembly. The fan assembly includes a housing and a fan. The motor is in the housing. The housing is void of sensors. The motor is configured to rotate the fan. The integrated circuit includes a detection module and a first control module. The detection module is separate from the fan assembly. The detection module is configured to detect a voltage induced in a first coil of the motor or a back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor. The first control module is configured to receive a control signal from a second control module and control the operation of the fan based on (a) the control signal, and (b) the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor or the back electromotive force. The second control module is separate from the integrated circuit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes measuring between two consecutive electrical commutations of a brushless direct-current (BLDC) motor a current through the BLDC motor. One or more pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-configurable signals are driving the BLDC motor. The method includes determining a waveform of the current through the BLDC motor; if the waveform of the current through the BLDC motor comprises a first type, then increasing a duty cycle of each of one or more of the PWM-configurable signals driving the BLDC motor; and, if the waveform of the current through the BLDC motor comprises a second type, then decreasing a time interval between electrical communications of the BLDC motor.

Abstract: A frequency converter and a method for determining the position of the rotor of an electric machine are provided. The frequency converter includes a load bridge and a control of the load bridge, for supplying electricity between the load bridge and an electric machine connected to the load bridge. The frequency converter includes a determination for at least one electrical parameter of the electric machine, and includes a determination for the position of the rotor of the electric machine. The load bridge is fitted to supply a first alternating electricity excitation signal, which is formed in relation to the electrical angle of the electric machine, to the electric machine. The frequency converter is further fitted to determine the first alternating electricity response signal corresponding to the first alternating electricity excitation signal, and the position of the rotor is determined on the basis of the first alternating electricity response signal.

Abstract: A control system for a motor includes an inverter coupled to the motor. The control system further includes a microcontroller coupled to the inverter. The microcontroller includes a processor programmed to measure an input voltage and acquire a back EMF voltage of the motor. The processor is also programmed to control the inverter to regulate the motor voltage based on the input voltage and the back EMF voltage to facilitate controlling the motor.

Abstract: A position sensorless control methodology for an electrical machine is provided. In particular, one aspect provides a method for position sensorless operation of an electrical machine using direct position error computation from stator flux observation results and stator current measurement.

Abstract: The present invention is a high efficiency permanent magnet machine capable of maintaining high power density. The machine is operable over a wide range of power output. The improved efficiency is due in part to copper wires with a current density lower than traditional designs and larger permanent magnets coupled with a large air gap. In a certain embodiment wide stator teeth are used to provide additional improved efficiency through significantly reducing magnetic saturation resulting in lower current. The machine also has a much smaller torque angle than that in traditional design at rated load and thus has a higher overload handling capability and improved efficiency. In addition, when the machine is used as a motor, an adaptive phase lag compensation scheme helps the sensorless field oriented control (FOC) scheme to perform more accurately.

Abstract: A position sensorless control methodology for electrical machines using high frequency flux vector signal injection in the estimated rotor flux rotational reference frame is provided. In one aspect, the estimated position error function is derived directly from the stator flux equation without any simplification. The method is applicable for electrical generator motoring mode operation from standstill and power generation mode operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a motor driving apparatus including: an actuator for converting electric energy into rotary motion; a monitoring unit for monitoring a state of the actuator; a control unit for generating a control signal based on an output voltage of the monitoring unit; and a driving signal generation unit for generating a driving signal for the actuator based on the control signal. The control unit may determine whether the monitoring unit normally operates, based on an output voltage of the monitoring unit.

Abstract: A soft switching control circuit for a DC motor is provided. The soft switching control circuit has an absolute value generating circuit, a threshold voltage generating circuit, and a comparing circuit. The absolute value generating circuit outputs an absolute value signal according to a pair of Hall signals from the DC motor. The threshold voltage generating circuit receives a detected state signal and at least an end voltage of a coil of the DC motor for determining a current on the coil at an actual state change time defined by the detected state signal. According to the determination, the threshold voltage generating circuit outputs a threshold voltage with an adjusted voltage level. The comparing circuit compares the absolute value signal and the threshold voltage so as to generate a state change adjusting signal for modifying the actual state change time.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with back-EMF detection for motor control are described. In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a drive circuit configured to apply excitation signals to respective inputs of a motor, a signal inhibit circuit configured to convey a signal to inhibit application of the excitation signals during an interval, and a measuring circuit configured to measure a back-electromotive force (EMF) signal crossing a reference signal during the interval.

Abstract: A microcontroller determines the position of the rotor of a brushless, direct-current motor by determining the time of zero crossing of back electromotive force (EMF) emanating from the non-driven phase winding. The zero crossing point is determined by interpolating voltage differentials that are time stamped. Each voltage differential is the difference between the phase voltage of the phase winding and the motor neutral point voltage. The time of zero crossing is determined without using a comparator and without interrupting the processor at each zero crossing point. The processor interpolates the time of zero crossing independently of when the zero crossing point occurs. A hold signal conductor is connected both to a sample and hold circuit and to the load input lead of a time stamp register. The microcontroller simultaneously captures a phase voltage in the sample and hold circuit and a timer count in the time stamp register.

Abstract: A permanent-magnet AC motor comprises a motor and a controller coupled to the motor. The motor includes a winding. The controller includes a drive model configured to provide a drive current. Waveform of the drive current is spatially symmetrical. The winding has a waiting zone having electrical angle of 30° and a driving zone having electrical angle of 150° in each half electrical cycle when the motor is in operation. The driving zone is equally divided into five driving sub-zones.

Abstract: A pulse width modulated (PWM) trapezoidal commutation drive to a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is sine modified so that the applied drive voltage substantially matches the induced voltage generated in the BLDC motor. The values of the cosine of the angles between ?30 degrees and +30 degrees are used to modify the duty cycle of the PWM drive signal dependent upon the rotor angular positions determined from the times between the zero crossing BEMF voltages measured at the unconnected motor terminals.

Abstract: Back electromotive force (BEMF) of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor may be determined when using continuous sinusoidal drive by computing the voltage to common (ground) of each phase (3) thereof when a phase current is substantially zero. These phase voltages may be computed from the DC supply voltage and the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation (PWM) drive to each of the motor phases. From the three phase voltages computed at a zero phase current occurrence, each coil voltage may be calculated. The BEMF of that coil is substantially equal to the coil voltage when at zero current. The phase voltages, when computed at a zero current instance, may be used in determining the BEMF. Once the BEMF is determined it may further be used to regulate the motor speed using a K factor of the BLDC motor.

Abstract: Back-emf for a motor is measured by measuring a voltage across the input terminals for a two terminal input actuator or motor when a high frequency driver having a recirculation phase for the motor applies an instantaneous high frequency zero voltage during normal operation of the driver. By a further approach, current across the two terminal input is measured such that the measurement can be taken when the current crosses a given threshold near zero.

Abstract: A method for controlling a specific electric machine includes receiving with a controller a back electromotive force (BEMF) coefficient for the specific electric machine. The controller is configured to control operation of an inverter coupled to the electric machine where the inverter is configured to provide or receive multi-phase electricity to or from the electric machine in motor mode or generator mode, respectively. The method further includes receiving with the controller an input related to a selected torque to be applied by or a selected power to be removed from the electric machine. The method further includes determining a first electrical parameter the inverter is to apply to in motor mode or a second electrical parameter the inverter is to convert power to in generator mode using the BEMF coefficient, and applying the first electrical parameter to the electric machine or converting the received power to the second electrical parameter.

Abstract: A household appliance including a fan speed controller, and a method of controlling fan speed of a household appliance, are provided. The system includes a fan speed controller that cut a voltage to the fan motor, measures an electromotive force (EMF) of the fan motor at a predetermined time after the cutting of the voltage to the fan motor, and compares the measured electromotive force (EMF) to a table.

Abstract: In an electric power steering system, a back electromotive force constant is calculated on the basis of a steering angular velocity and an estimated induced voltage. Then, a rotation angular velocity of a motor is calculated as an estimated rotation angular velocity on the basis of a motor current, a motor voltage, the back electromotive force constant and a motor resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing a trigger signal in response to the commutation of a mechanically commutated electric motor (1). The method comprising the steps of providing a mechanically commutated electric motor (1), providing a power supply for said mechanically commutated electric motor via electrical supply leads (10, 11) from power supply circuitry, providing a filter (15) connected to said electrical supply leads (10, 11), detecting with said filter (15) a voltage spike occurring at commutation, outputting from said filter (15) said trigger signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods of estimating a motor position of a motor are disclosed. One exemplary system and method involve observing motor currents of the motor at two different times. Average motor voltages of the motor are determined between the two different times. Average back electro motive force (BEMF) values of the motor are calculated between the two different times. The BEMF values are in conformity with the observed motor currents and the average motor voltages. Another exemplary system and method for estimating a rotor position of a motor involve a motor position estimator that receives information from the motor and estimates a rotor position for a future time.

Abstract: A method of controlling a synchronous motor that may include windings and a power driving stage coupled to the windings, may include using a feedback loop including using a feedback circuit coupled to the windings to generate current feedback components, using current controllers for generating respective voltage signals, and using an anti-transform circuit for generating control signals for the power driving stage. Using the feedback loop may include generating additional compensation signals for compensating the control signals, and adding the additional compensation signals from the current controllers by one of generating the additional compensation signals as quadrature and direct voltage compensation signals and adding them to the voltage signals to generate compensated quadrature and direct signals, and supplying the compensated quadrature and direct signals to the power driving stage by providing the compensated quadrature and direct signals to the anti-transform circuit.

Abstract: Motor Drive Control Device configured to properly start up various types of motors under operating conditions where motor operations are performed in a wide range of temperature and power supply voltage, includes output drive controllers that supply PWM drive output signals to an output pre-driver in such a manner as to minimize the error between a current instruction signal and a current detection digital signal. In response to a detected induced voltage generated from a voltage detector upon startup of a motor, an initial acceleration controller supplies initial acceleration output signals specifying a conducting phase for initial acceleration of the motor to the output drive controllers. The initial acceleration controller, the output drive controllers, and an output driver make a conducting phase change and perform a PWM drive to provide the initial acceleration of the motor.

Abstract: A method for operating an electric motor with primary and secondary sections, wherein the primary section has a multi-phase exciter winding, each of the phase connections of said exciter winding being connected to an output connection of an end stage, which has controllable semi-conductor switches for applying phase voltages to the output connections, includes the following steps: a) introducing an operating phase by applying the phase voltages to the output connections such that a moving magnetic field is induced in the exciter winding, the moving field effecting a relative motion between the primary and secondary sections, b) hinting off the phase voltage at least one of the output connections to introduce a measurement phase, and c) measuring the electrical back emf induced in the winding strand in order to determine the angular difference between the phase position of the exciter current and that of the back emf.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive device and a drive method for a brushless motor. In a drive method in which a switching timing of energization patterns is detected by comparing a pulse induced voltage of a non-energized phase with a voltage threshold, when the pulse induced voltage does not reach the voltage threshold, the pulse induced voltage at an angle of switching the energization patterns is measured. Discrimination between a demagnetization failure and a lock failure is performed based on whether the measured pulse induced voltage satisfies a predetermined condition or not. When it is the demagnetization failure, motor control continues after changing the voltage threshold. When it is the lock failure, the motor control stops.

Abstract: A system includes a permanent magnet motor having a rotor and a stator. The rotor and the stator have a configuration that causes the motor to generate a back-electromagnetic force (EMF) waveform that is substantially sinusoidal. The system also includes a motor controller having a sliding-mode observer configured to identify the back-EMF waveform and a position observer configured to estimate at least one characteristic of the motor using the identified back-EMF waveform. The stator may include multiple teeth projecting towards the rotor and multiple conductive windings, where each conductive winding is wound around a single tooth. The rotor may include multiple magnetic poles, where each magnetic pole has a span of about 60° or less. The sliding-mode observer may be configured to receive current measurements associated with three-phase signals and voltage commands generated by the motor controller. The position observer may include a proportional-integral (PI) regulator.

Abstract: Comparators of a rotary electric machine control apparatus acquire terminal voltages of each phase, which are developed at junction points between high-potential side FETs and low-potential side FETs, respectively. In switching over ON and OFF of the high-potential side FETs and the low-potential side FETs, a control unit determines a flow direction of a phase current supplied to each phase coil based on a terminal voltage developed in a dead time period, in which a the high-potential side FET and the low-potential side FET forming a pair are both turned off. Thus, the flow direction of each phase current is determined in a simple configuration.

Abstract: In a multi-phase brushless DC motor, a zero crossing N-bit filter includes a comparator and a phase multiplexer. The phase multiplexer connects each motor phase to each of a positive and a negative input of the comparator, with a switch in each connection to form a switch array. A microprocessor is disposed to operate the switches, and is configured to measure a BEMF for a first phase by opening the switches connecting all other phases to the positive input of the comparator and by opening the switch connecting the first phase being measured to the negative input of said comparator. The comparators output is received by a shift register. The microprocessor is configured to respond to a zero crossing when a majority of bits in the shift register change between high and low.

Abstract: A brushless motor driving circuit includes a battery for supplying a power to the brushless motor driving circuit; a driver circuit; a bridge circuit including a plurality of N-channel FETs; a control unit for rotating a brushless motor by switching the bridge circuit through the driver circuit based on a rotor position detection signal; a floating voltage generator for applying a voltage to a first group of the FETs of the bridge circuit; and a converter which is powered from the battery. The converter has an output connected to an input of the floating voltage generator for the first group of the FETs of the bridge circuit and an input of the driver circuit for a second group of the FETs of the bridge circuit to dedicatedly supply a power to gates of the FETs, and the control unit is powered from the battery without using the converter.

Abstract: An HVAC system includes a blower motor and a variable speed motor drive. The variable speed motor drive is configured to receive line power and provide modulated power to the motor. The blower motor is configured to produce airflow in response to the modulated power. A unit controller is configured to bypass the variable speed motor drive to provide the line power directly to the blower motor in the event that a measured airflow is less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: An electronically commutated one-phase motor (20) has a stator having at least one winding strand (30, 32) and a permanent-magnet rotor (22). The rotor, as it rotates, induces a voltage (uind) in the at least one winding strand (30, 32). The motor has an electronic calculation device (26), preferably a microcontroller ?C, which is configured to execute, during operation, the steps of a) sensing the value of the instantaneous operating voltage (Ub); (b) using the operating voltage value (Ub) and optionally further parameters, adjusting a time duration (TON) of a switch-on current pulse (i30) for the motor, in order to apply a consistent amount of electrical energy to the windings during start-up attempts, thereby maximizing the probability of successful start-up, regardless of possible fluctuations in motor operating voltage and related operating parameters. The switch-on current pulse duration (TON) can be adjusted longer or shorter, as a function of operating experience.

Abstract: A method for controlling a discharge pump of a household appliance, including starting a synchronous electric motor that actuates said discharge pump until the synchronism condition is reached, and driving said synchronous electric motor at a steady state through phase control by varying the firing angle (?). In driving said synchronous motor at steady state through phase control, said firing angle (?) is feedback controlled to cancel the phase difference between the mid-point of a zero current plateau of a function of the phase current fed to the electric motor and the zero-crossing point of a counter electromotive force signal (fcem) relative to the same phase. In feedback controlling the firing angle (?), the synchronous electric motor is switched off if the required firing angle (?) exceeds a maximum threshold (?lim), which may result from the operation of the discharge pump in air-water conditions.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a converter for an electrical system that is controlled in such that switching sequences for the converter, determined with respect to an optimization goal are modified such that by correcting a flux error resulting from assumptions on which the first optimization of the switching sequence is based.

Abstract: A detection and control device is provided for detecting a motor fault of an electric motor with star point topology, with an evaluation unit, a control unit, and a return unit. The return unit is configured for returning a star point potential of the electric motor to the evaluation unit, the evaluation unit is configured for evaluating the star point potential and the control unit is designed for passivating a motor fault on the basis of the evaluation. The function of the return unit and of the evaluation unit may also be assumed by control lines and by the control unit.