Abstract: According to aspects of the disclosure, an uninterruptible power supply is provided comprising an input configured to be coupled to, and receive input power from, a circuit breaker, an output configured to be coupled to, and provide output power to, at least one load, an energy-storage-device interface configured to be coupled to, and receive back-up power from, an energy-storage device, and at least one controller configured to determine whether a current through the circuit breaker meets at least one over-current criterion, and control, responsive to determining that the current through the circuit breaker meets the at least one over-current criterion, the uninterruptible power supply to provide the output power to the load, the output power being derived from the input power and the back-up power.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed of a battery management system (BMS). The BMS includes a pair of back-to-back transistors configured to selectively discharge battery cells of a battery pack; a high-side driver configured to control operation of the pair of back-to-back transistors; an analog front end (AFE) circuit configured to monitor a voltage of each cell within the battery pack; and a micro controller unit (MCU) configured to control and monitor the AFE circuit and provide over-voltage protection to the pair of back-to-back transistors.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed of an electronic power conversion apparatus. The apparatus includes a first circuit comprising a first plurality of bidirectional switches coupled in parallel and a second circuit comprising a second plurality of bidirectional switches coupled in parallel. The apparatus further includes a power converter circuit coupling the first and the second circuit. The apparatus includes a control circuit operatively coupled to the first and second plurality of bidirectional switches. The control circuit controls a state of each of the first and second plurality of bidirectional switches.

Abstract: A method for equalizing SOCs of battery packs in an electric vehicle, may include acquiring, by a controller, SOC information of the battery packs from battery pack state information acquired by state detectors under predetermined conditions of the electric vehicle, determining, by the controller, an average SOC value of the battery packs based on acquired SOC values of the respective battery packs, determining, by the controller, at least one battery pack required to be discharged for equalization of the SOCs of the battery packs among all the battery packs based on the SOC values of the respective battery packs and the determined average SOC value of the battery packs, and operating, by the controller, an electric load connected to the at least one determined battery pack required to be discharged to discharge the at least one determined battery pack required to be discharged.

Abstract: An off-line uninterruptible power system and two line-interactive uninterruptible power systems are provided. The off-line uninterruptible power system and one of the line-interactive uninterruptible power systems additionally adopt a transformer for supplying an AC output, with lower voltage level than a rated output voltage, to at least one electrical device (especially those with resistive load characteristic). The other line-interactive uninterruptible power system controls its automatic voltage regulating circuit to supply an AC output, with lower voltage level than a rated output voltage, to at least one electrical device (especially those with resistive load characteristic).

Abstract: A battery diagnosis apparatus includes an SOC calculator, a ?SOC obtaining unit, a largest block identification unit, and a diagnosis unit. The SOC calculator calculates an SOC for each parallel cell block included in a battery assembly based on an output from a battery sensor that detects a state of the battery assembly. When charging or discharging of the battery assembly is carried out, the ?SOC obtaining unit obtains ?SOC for each parallel cell block. The largest block identification unit identifies a largest block in a diagnosis target. When a degree of deviation between ?SOC of the largest block and a ?SOC reference value exceeds a prescribed level, the diagnosis unit determines that abnormality has occurred in the largest block in the diagnosis target.

Abstract: An electrical energy supply device having a plurality of usage units, each usage unit being adapted to generate or to buffer electrical energy. The usage units in the energy supply device are divided up into strands and each strand is adapted to generate a summed voltage by a series circuit of the usage units, and each strand end is connected across a respective switching unit to a busbar assembly and within each strand a bridging circuit is provided for each usage unit and a control device is adapted to identify a defective usage unit in one of the strands and to then galvanically separate the strand by its switching units from the busbar assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for identifying a cell, including: determining, for a cell under test during a charge and discharge process, a number N of measured values of OCV and a number N of net cumulative throughputs corresponding to the number N of measured values of OCV; for an ith target cell, obtaining a number N of calculated values of OCV corresponding to the number N of measured values of OCV, and obtaining an OCV mean square error between the number N of measured values of OCV and the number N of calculated values of OCV; and determining that the cell under test is the ith target cell, when the OCV mean square error between the cell under test and the ith target cell is a minimum mean square error among a number M of OCV mean square errors.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to concurrent alternating-current and direct-current. In one example, a device comprises a power module connected to a first power outlet, the power module connected to a second power outlet, and a controller to the power module to concurrently provide alternating-current (AC) power to the first power outlet and direct-current (DC) power to the second power outlet by switching a transistor including switching circuitry in response to an absence of AC input power to the device.

Abstract: A method for determining the starting state of a fuel-cell system is provided having cathode and anode chambers separated by a membrane-electrode assembly, comprising the steps of initially introducing hydrogen into the anode chamber, measuring the voltage and evaluating whether at least a threshold value has been reached immediately after the start of the introduction of hydrogen into the anode chamber, and determining the starting state as a function of whether the threshold value has been reached.

Abstract: A battery electric vehicle includes a high voltage rechargeable energy storage system (RESS). The RESS includes several battery modules reconfigurable among parallel and series arrangements. During reconfiguration transitions, a low voltage battery services low voltage loads of the battery electric vehicle. The low voltage battery is preconditioned in advance of reconfigurations.

Abstract: A dual power supply system with first to third system terminals is disclosed. The dual power supply system includes a first battery cell stack interconnected between first and second stack nodes and providing a first operation voltage and a second battery cell stack interconnected between the second stack node and a third stack node and providing a second operation voltage. The dual power supply system further includes a DC/DC converter with first to third converter nodes and configured to convert a voltage of the first or second battery cell stack. Each of the system terminals is connected to the respective stack node or converter node in parallel. The DC/DC converter can provide redundant power supply and active balancing. The application further relates to a vehicle including the above dual power supply system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing low voltage charging of a high voltage, series-connected string of battery modules are disclosed. A battery pack system may include a plurality of battery cells, including one or more groups of battery cells coupled in parallel. A processor may be configured to select a sub-group of battery cells from a group of battery cells for charging separately from other battery cells of the selected group of battery cells. The group of battery cells may be reconfigured to allow charging of the sub-group of battery cells separate from the other battery cells. The sub-group of battery cells may be charged, and then the group of battery cells may be reconfigured to allow operation of the sub-group of battery cells with the other battery cells. During charging, the sub-group of battery cells may be unavailable but other battery cells may continue to discharge.

Abstract: A power supplying device comprising a battery, a charging circuit and a DC-AC conversion circuit is provided. The charging circuit is electrically coupled to an AC power source and configured to charge the battery. The DC-AC conversion circuit is electrically coupled to the battery and configured to supply an AC output. When the power supplying device is powered on, both of the charging circuit and the DC-AC conversion circuit are enabled.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for generating alternating current voltage during power grid outages and methods for making and using the same. In various embodiments, the system can provide backup power within IT environments and other mission-critical facilities among other things.

Abstract: A multi-battery charging and discharging device including a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) module, at least two rechargeable batteries, and a plurality of first field-effect transistors. Each rechargeable battery is connected to a pulse width modulation (PWM) power module of the PMIC module through a field-effect switching transistor, terminals for connecting field-effect switching transistors and the PWM power module are separated from each other. Each of the first field-effect transistors is provided in a connection path between each rechargeable battery and a load. The first field-effect transistor is used to control the connection path between the rechargeable battery and the load to be turned on or turned off.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power system and an operation method thereof are provided. The uninterruptible power system has a plurality of function blocks which form a topology structure of the uninterruptible power system. The uninterruptible power system comprises a sensing circuit and a control circuit. The sensing circuit is configured to sense the function blocks and to generate a sensing data accordingly. The control circuit is configured to determine, according to the sensing data, whether an event occurs in any of the function blocks. When the determination is yes, the control circuit generates an event code corresponding to the event and outputs a control command accordingly. The control command is used to control a display interface to display the event code, and is used to control the display interface to send a prompt message through a function block graphic symbol corresponding to the event code in the displayed topology structure.

Abstract: A power converter and a method of operation thereof is disclosed including an input, an output, a sensor unit, a switched power converter, and a processor module. The power converter may convert an input power into an output power. The power converter may sense real-time measurements of the input power and the output power to determine a real-time calculated efficiency. The power converter may chop the input power into sized and positioned portions of the input power based on a plurality of determined operating parameters. The power converter may determine the operating parameters based on the real-time calculated efficiency and on a plurality of other operating factors/conditions.

Abstract: An equalizer circuit provides both passive and active cell voltage equalization in a battery pack to improve charge and discharge capacity at a low cost. The equalizer circuit is a bilevel circuit that uses both passive equalizers and active equalizers to balance cell voltage. The cells may be grouped into size limited sections which are balanced by passive equalizers. The sections are balanced by active equalizers to promote increased pack charge and discharge capacity. The equalizer circuit can use a current detector or a voltage controlled oscillator to assist in closed loop current control to reduce switching losses and permit use of smaller transistors. The equalizer circuit can use open line protection with capacitors to store excess charge and prevent voltage overload of the switching devices.

Abstract: A modular management system for balancing, testing and protecting rechargeable energy storage cells connected in series. Different energy storage cell technologies can be connected in the same battery pack and they can be completely balanced by using one or both of two balancing modes. In addition, the modular management system includes bidirectional and unidirectional switches optionally connected to a single ohmic device such as a resistor to efficiently execute a Dual Function Process (DFP) (i.e., passive/active balancing, and testing mode for SoH/SoC estimation) preferably without using any extra or external components (i.e., capacitor or inductor or DC/DC converter or power supply). The systems and methods decrease the balancing time, energy loss, heat loss and complexity needed to monitor, protect and balance energy storage cell systems such as battery systems, and thus decreasing the overall cost.

Abstract: Systems and methods of controlling uninterruptible power supplies of electrical power systems are described. According to one aspect, an electrical power system can include a generator having a stator and a rotor, a power converter coupled to a rotor bus of the rotor, and a control system comprising one or more control devices, the one or more control devices configured to operate the power converter to provide an AC signal for a rotor bus. The system can also include an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The UPS can include a power storage element configured to receive and store electrical power, and configured to power the control system during a power failure, and, a health check circuit configured to verify a health status of the power storage element, and including a health check disable component configured to disable the health check circuit during the power failure.

Abstract: A protective metal enclosure box for lithium batteries that includes batteries subject to fire and explosion comprising a rigid metal covered box that includes an aluminum honeycomb grid core mesh that can receive multiple individual batteries spaced apart from each other and protected from each other thermally and from explosion. The protective battery pack box includes a pair of printed circuit boards for interacting with the batteries for transmitting voltage and amperage outside of said battery pack.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a circuit malfunction. The method includes: receiving a detection instruction and controlling a plurality of equalization modules to be turned off in response to the detection instruction; collecting first sampled data of sampled equalization modules; controlling odd numbered equalization modules among the sampled equalization modules to be turned on and even numbered equalization modules among the sampled equalization modules to be turned off; collecting second sampled data of the sampled equalization modules; controlling the odd numbered equalization modules among the sampled equalization modules to be turned off and the even numbered equalization modules among the sampled equalization modules to be turned on; collecting third sampled data of the sampled equalization modules: and determining, according to the first sampled data, second sampled data and third sampled data, a malfunction in a sampling detection circuit and locating the malfunction.

Abstract: A method for improving mobile sensor based monitoring is provided. The method includes continuously receiving in real time via sensors integrated within a wearable device of a user, vital sign data and movement based data associated with the user. Additionally, environmental data is continuously received via sensors located within a geographical area of the user. The vital sign data, movement based data, environmental data, and medical data are analyzed and current and future mental and physical conditions for the user are predicted. Recommended actions associated with modifying the current and future mental and physical conditions for the user are generated and presented. Current physical conditions for the user are monitored to determine if the recommended actions have been executed.

Abstract: The integration of the auxiliary power module (APM) functionality into non-dissipative balancing hardware of a high voltage battery or supercapacitor pack enables a more cost-effective non-dissipative balancing system while maintaining a similar complexity in topologies. The system uses state-space equations and three control problems to balance high-voltage energy storage elements and charge low voltage energy storage elements. Two optimization based controllers are employed to optimize both balancing and charging simultaneously.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method for operating a battery system having at least a first battery module and a second battery module. The method includes activating the first battery module for a defined clock time, then activating the second battery module for the defined clock time, and at the same time deactivating the first battery module.

Abstract: An energy storage stack balancing circuit may balance a set of serially connected energy storage devices. An electronic switching system may control the delivery of energy into and out of the inductor. A controller may control the electronic switching system so as to cause energy to be transferred: from one of the energy storage devices into the inductor and then out of the inductor and into a different one, a subset, or all of the energy storage devices; or from a subset of the energy storage devices into the inductor and then out of the inductor and into one, a different subset, or all of the energy storage devices; or from all of the energy storage devices into the inductor and then out of the inductor and into one or a subset the energy storage devices.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for battery module balancing of a battery, which comprises at least one battery module string, wherein the at least one battery module string has a plurality of battery modules connected in series or parallel, wherein each battery module has a single or a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel or in series and a coupling unit which is designed to switch on and off the battery module, said method comprising the steps of: determining a battery module state of at least two battery modules; switching off individual battery modules having a low battery module state, wherein the low state is defined by a defined ratio to an initial state of the battery modules or by a result of a comparison of all detected battery module states.

Abstract: Systems and methods for power management are disclosed herein. In one disclosed embodiment, a battery charging system includes a battery charger for simultaneously charging a battery (and/or providing power to a system load) with multiple power sources, using a closed-loop charging servo target based on measurements taken by one or more gauges. In some embodiments, the multiple power sources may be utilized simultaneously according to a charging profile that specifies, e.g., one or more battery charging parameters, as well as according to determined priority levels for one or more of the multiple power sources coupled to the battery. In some embodiments, the priority level of a given power source is not fixed; rather, the priority level for the given power source may change based upon the characteristics of the given power source. In some embodiments, the priority levels for the multiple power sources are implemented using cascaded voltage target values.

Abstract: A rack server system and a control method thereof are provided. The rack server system establishes a communication link for communicating with a battery backup unit. The battery backup unit is connected to a power input port of the rack server system, and includes a number of battery modules connected with each other in parallel. The rack server system controls the battery backup unit to perform validity test on a first battery module during a first period and to perform validity test on a second battery module during a second period, wherein the first period and the second period are not overlapped with each other.

Abstract: Provided are battery systems having multiple independently controlled sets of battery cells and method of using these systems to power, for example, drive trains of electric and hybrid vehicles. A battery system includes two or more sets of battery cells. Each set can be discharged and/or charged independently of another set based on different factors, such as a current power demand, power output capabilities of each set, and other like factors. One or multiple sets can be used to deliver power at any given time. In some embodiments, one set may be used to charge another set in the same power system. The same or different types of battery cells may be used in different sets. For example, one set may have battery cells having a higher power output capability, while another set may have battery cells with a higher energy density.

Abstract: A power converter has a series direct connection mode of keeping on/off of a plurality of switching elements to maintain the state where first and second DC power supplies different in amount of voltage change with respect to input/output of the same amount of electric power are connected in series with an electric power line connected to a load, and a voltage controlling mode of controlling an output voltage on the electric power line to be a voltage command value by controlling on/off of the plurality of switching elements. In the voltage controlling mode, between time tx and ta, the sum of voltages of the first and second DC power supplies is matched with the voltage command value by controlling the output voltage by means of charging/discharging between the first and second DC power supplies. After time ta, the series direct connection mode is applied.

Abstract: A battery pack assembly includes a first battery cell supplying electric current to an electronic load, a second battery cell supplying electric current to the electronic load, and a first switch operatively coupled with the first battery cell and the electronic load. The first switch stops conduction of the electric current to the electronic load responsive to an increase in electric demand of the electronic load above a designated threshold. A method of powering an electronic load using a battery pack assembly also is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing multi-loop power control in an electronic device is provided, where the apparatus may include at least one portion (e.g. a portion or all) of the electronic device. More particularly, the apparatus may include a first amplifier that is positioned in a first feedback loop of the electronic device and coupled to a power control terminal of the electronic device, and a second amplifier that is positioned in a second feedback loop of the electronic device and coupled to the power control terminal. For example, the apparatus may further include a compensation circuit that is coupled to the first amplifier and the second amplifier. In another example, the apparatus may further include a selection control circuit that is coupled to the first amplifier and the second amplifier. An associated method such as an operational method of the above apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure illustrates a compensation circuit of an energy storage device. The compensation circuit includes a first error amplifier, a switching unit, a first RC network, a voltage recording module and a logic control module. The switching unit selectively connects an output end, a first input end of the first error amplifier or the voltage output end. A resistance value or a capacitance value of the first RC network changes with different sensing loops of the energy storage device. When the energy storage device switches the sensing loop, a detection circuit outputs a detecting signal. The logic control module controls the switching unit to connect the first input end to the output end, and controls the voltage recording module to output a preset output voltage to the voltage output end for stabilizing a first capacitor of the first RC network.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed herein provide for a distributed high-voltage bus for a battery system included in a vehicle. In certain embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed herein provide for a scalable high-voltage bus architecture utilizing a common high-voltage rail for powering vehicle systems and/or modules. Independent contactors may be utilized on the opposite rail to selective power high-voltage branches. In further embodiments, a common rail pre-charge circuit may be utilized allowing for independent pre-charging of HV branches and systems and/or modules coupled to the HV bus.

Abstract: Battery management may be provided. First, a battery string in a battery bank may be charged for a charge time. After charging the battery string, the battery string may be isolated from charging for a rest time. Once the charging and resting from charging is complete, a test open circuit voltage for each battery in the first battery string may be measured. In addition, a defective indicator that a battery is defective may be recorded in a database. Next, a battery may be loaded with a preset load for a load time. After loading the battery, a test load voltage for each of the batteries loaded with the preset load may be measured. A second defective indicator that a battery is defective may be recorded in the database when the test load voltage for the second battery is greater than a load voltage differential.

Abstract: A method and an active battery balancing circuit for balancing an electric charge in a plurality of cells of a battery that are electrically connected in series is disclosed. A first subset of the cells of the battery is electrically connected to an inductance for providing a current flow from the first subset through the inductance. The first subset of the cells is disconnected from the inductance, and a current is allowed to flow from the inductance into a second subset of the cells of the battery. At least one of the first and the second subset of the cells of the battery comprises two or more cells.

Abstract: A method for regulating a battery voltage of a battery having a plurality of battery cells configured to be selectively bridged and connected to a battery string includes regulating the battery voltage to a desired nominal voltage by alternately driving the battery cells. The method further includes transmitting a value for a nominal switch-on probability to one or more driving circuits of the battery cells, with the result that the one or more battery cells are each switched with an allocated switch-on probability.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a battery system includes: a plurality of modules, each including a plurality of cells connected to each other in series and a cell balancing circuit performing a balancing operation between the plurality of the cells based on voltages of the plurality of the cells; and a module balancing circuit performing a balancing operation between the modules based on voltages of the modules.

Abstract: Capacitor elements are connected in series and charged until a voltage between terminals of a capacitor element whose capacitance is lowest among the capacitor elements reaches a withstanding voltage. When the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor element reaches the withstanding voltage, the capacitor elements are connected in parallel, and electric charge of the capacitor element is transferred to the other capacitor elements. Hereafter, an operation of switching between series connection and parallel connection is repeated such that the capacitor elements are connected in series and charged again when the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor element is reduced to a full charge voltage due to an outflow of the electric charge, and the capacitor elements are connected in parallel when the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor element reaches the withstanding voltage.

Abstract: A battery pack has series-parallel connected battery cells. An inrush current limiting circuit has current limiting devices and a current limiting tracking means limits inrush current from shorted battery cells. Each current limiting tracking means is coupled to the current limiting devices such that they limit an inrush current from parallel neighbor battery cells when one battery cell on the column shorts. The current limiting devices are variable buffer resistors with a positive temperature coefficient. The current limiting tracking means are heat sinks that thermally couples the buffer resistors together such that the buffer resistors increase in resistance with a temperature increase caused by current flowing through the buffer resistor associated with the shorted battery cell. Current regulating elements are in series with columns of battery cells for preventing inrush current to the columns of the battery cells.

Abstract: A standby battery box for an electric cylinder is electrically connected to a control box for driving the electric cylinder and includes a charge-discharge device and a rechargeable battery. The charge-discharge device includes a protection unit, a power conversion unit, a voltage detection unit, a control unit, a discharge unit, a display unit, and a switch unit. The rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the charge-discharge device. When a startup switch of the switch unit is pressed, the charge-discharge device delivers the electricity of the rechargeable battery into the control box. When a shutoff switch of the switch unit is pressed, the charge-discharge device does not supply power, thereby protecting the standby battery box from being exhausted.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed. The battery system includes a plurality of battery cells, and a battery cell balancing unit, configured to adjust voltages across each of the battery cells to reduce variation among the voltages across the battery cells. The battery cell balancing unit includes a controller configured to receive a DC reference current and to generate an AC current based on the DC reference current, a transformer, a rectifier circuit including a rectifier connected to the output coil, and a switching unit including a plurality of switches, each configured to selectively connect the rectifier to one of the battery cells.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus includes a power supply and a power supply management unit that controls an operation of the power supply. The power supply includes a main power supply, an auxiliary power supply connected in series to the main power supply, a boost circuit that charges the auxiliary power supply by boosting an output voltage of the main power supply and applying the boosted output voltage to the auxiliary power supply, and a voltage sensor that detects an output voltage of the auxiliary power supply. When a reduction amount per unit time of the output voltage detected by the voltage sensor exceeds a voltage reduction amount over a predetermined time, the power supply management unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in an output destination of the power supply.

Abstract: A charging device is provided. The charging device includes an input interface configured to receive electrical power from a power source and charge a removable energy storage device using the electrical power from the power source. The power source may be a solar panel. The charging device may include multiple input interfaces configured to receive electrical power at different voltages. The charging device may include an output interface configured to provide electrical power to an electrical device connected to the output interface, and the circuit may be configured to provide electrical power to the output interface from at least one of the removable energy storage device and the input interface.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus supplies a power supply voltage to a charge monitor that monitors charge states of rechargeable battery cells. The apparatus includes: a first capacitative element that supplies a power supply voltage to the charge monitor; a second capacitative element that is charged from the rechargeable battery cell and charges the first capacitative element; a switch group including a first switch that connects the first and second capacitative elements, and a second switch that connects the rechargeable battery cell and the second capacitative element; and a controller that controls the switch group. The controller repeats charging the second capacitative element by the rechargeable battery cell by connecting the rechargeable cell and the second capacitative element by the first switch, and charging the first capacitative element by the second capacitative element by connecting the first and second capacitative elements by the second switch.

Abstract: In an equalization device for equalizing voltages of battery cells connected in series, each battery cell is provided with an equalization switch and a level shift section. The level shift section includes at least one level shift circuit. Each level shift circuit operates on a power supply voltage supplied from a series circuit of a predetermined number of adjacent battery cells. The level shift circuits are arranged so that potentials of the power supply voltages are different from each other in sequence. In the level shift section, a first level shift circuit outputs a pair of drive voltages by level-shifting a pair of control signals inputted from a second level shift circuit adjacent to the first level shift circuit, and a last level shift circuit outputs the pair of drive voltages as a control voltage for a corresponding equalization switch.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the output of a battery pack are disclosed. In one example, a battery pack contactor is closed after receiving a request to open the battery pack contactor during a power-up sequence. The system and method may reduce battery pack degradation.

Abstract: A method for balancing multiple battery cells which are grouped into multiple battery modules includes: obtaining cell parameters of the battery cells, respectively; calculating an average cell parameter for each of the battery modules according to the cell parameters; identifying a donator module and a receiver module from the battery modules based upon the average cell parameter; and transferring energy from the donator module to the receiver module to balance the battery cells.