Abstract: Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.

Abstract: A method for adapting a usage level of a battery pack includes measuring cell sense data for each respective battery cell using a cell sense circuit, the cell sense data including a cell voltage, current, and temperature. The method includes processing the cell sense data, for each respective battery cell, through multiple battery state functions of a controller to generate numeric cell degradation values (CDVs). The battery state functions are calibrated relationships of the cell sense data to predetermined battery fault conditions. Thereafter, the method includes automatically adapting the usage level of the battery pack during operation of the battery pack, via the controller, based on the numeric CDVs. An electric powertrain system includes the battery pack, cell sense circuit, a rotary electric machine, and a controller configured to execute the above method.

Abstract: In a portable device, a load module includes a discharge switch for discharging a battery pack, and a detection circuit that detects a protection signal to control the discharge switch. A charge module includes a charge switch for charging the battery pack, and a detection circuit that detects the protection signal to control the charge switch. The battery pack includes a protection terminal that provides the protection signal, and protection circuitry that sets the protection signal to a state according to the battery pack's status. The protection signal turns the charge switch on and the discharge switch off if the protection signal is in a first state, turns the charge switch off and the discharge switch on if it's in a second state, turns the charge and discharge switches off if it's in a third state, and turns the charge and discharge switches on if it's in a fourth state.

Abstract: A method for managing charging and discharging of a parallel-connected battery pack, including: obtaining a voltage value and a state of charge of a plurality of battery packs; comparing the voltage value and the state of charge of each of the battery packs with a reference voltage value and a reference state of charge; and managing charging and discharging of the plurality of battery packs based on a comparison result. The method can enhance automation of paralleling of battery packs, increase adaptability of a paralleling system, improve paralleling efficiency, further reduce operation and maintenance costs, and improve user experience.

Abstract: When a module controller of a battery system detects an abnormality of a battery module, the module controller selects the battery module without stopping the battery module. After that, the module controller compares a current value of a current supplied to a load, with a total value of rated currents of all battery modules that are normal and that are supplying power to the load. When the current value of the current supplied to the load is greater than the total value of the rated currents of the battery modules, the module controller performs a control to stop all the battery modules. When the current value of the current supplied to the load is less than or equal to the total value of the rated currents of all the battery modules that are supplying power to the load, the module controller performs a control to stop the abnormal battery module and not to stop the normal battery modules.

Abstract: The application provides a method, a charging-discharging device, a cloud server, a system and a medium for charging-discharging interaction, which belong to the fields of electric power technologies. The method for charging-discharging interaction includes: the charging-discharging device transmits a vehicle-to-grid V2G function confirmation message to a battery management system of a target vehicle; when no V2G function feedback message fed back by the battery management system is received within a preset period of time after transmitting the V2G function confirmation message, the charging-discharging device transmits a first indication message to a cloud server to indicate that the target vehicle is V2G-disabled; in response to a non-V2G charging instruction received from the cloud server, the charging-discharging device performs a non-V2G charging for the target vehicle. The availability of the charging-discharging device can be improved according to embodiments of the present application.

Abstract: Provided is a battery pack in which the voltage of each battery cell is monitored using an inexpensive general-purpose microcomputer. A battery pack comprises: a plurality of battery cells connected in series; a plurality of voltage detection units which detect the voltage of each of the battery cells; and a microcomputer which measures the voltages of the battery cells from the output of each of the voltage detection units. Switch control circuits for switching on or off the outputs from the voltage detection units to the microcomputer are respectively arranged on each of the voltage detection units. Voltage divider circuits dividing the detected voltages into voltages lower than or equal to the power supply voltage of a control unit are arranged on the output sides of the voltage detection units. The microcomputer inputs the voltages divided by the voltage divider circuits and measures the voltages of the battery cells.

Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments of the present invention includes: a memory which stores one or more mapping parameters that indicate the correlation between a voltage change amount and the state of health (SOH) of the battery; and a processor, wherein the processor can be set to: detect that an external device for charging the battery is connected to the electronic device; charge the battery by using a charging current supplied from the external device; decide on at least one mapping parameter among the one or more mapping parameters on the basis of at least the charging current; check the voltage change amount of the battery while the battery is being charged; and acquire the SOH of the battery at least partially on the basis of the at least one mapping parameter and the voltage change amount.

Abstract: A protection system for a battery system includes a battery control module configured to selectively open at least one contactor to isolate the battery system from a load in response to a sensed current being greater than a first threshold and within a first current range, at least one fuse connected between first and second terminals of the battery system and configured to open to isolate the battery system from the load in response to the sensed current being greater than a second threshold and within a second current range that is greater than and offset from the first current range, and an auxiliary protection module configured to selectively form a short circuit between first and second terminals in response to the sensed current being greater than the first threshold, less than the second threshold, and within a coverage gap region between the first and second current ranges.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, system and method are provided comprising determining a maximum storage capacity of an energy storage system for a time window; performing a first sort of cycles by sorting in numerical order according to a ratio of a load demand to a total available power from a power generation system at each cycle of time window; assigning a unique, charge priority to each cycle; determining, starting from a highest charge priority, a charge power for each cycle until a total charge power satisfies the maximum storage capacity; determining, starting from a lowest sorted charge priority, an available discharge power for each cycle until a total discharge power exceeds the maximum storage capacity; performing a second sort in a temporal order of the cycles; determining, starting from an earliest cycle, an available state-of-charge (SOC) and adjusting the SOC of the energy storage system for each cycle.

Abstract: A grouped consensus power allocation method for multiple energy storage units is provided, including determining a grouped coordination control strategy of multiple battery energy storage units (BESUs) of a BESS (battery energy storage system), where the multiple BESUs are communicated through a communication topology and grouped into a charging group and a discharging group, performing power coordination control power coordination control between the charging group and the discharging group based on a distributed algorithm, determining whether a switching between the charging group and the discharging group is triggered during an operation process of the BESS, and switching when it is triggered. The method can reduce the number of charging/discharging state conversions of the BESUs, prolong the service life of energy storage, ensure that the power allocation results meet the power constraints of the BESUs, reduce low-power operation times of the BESUs, and improve the efficiency of energy storage operation.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a battery disposed inside the housing, a power management module for controlling charging of the battery, and at least one processor operationally connected with the battery and the power management module. The at least one processor is provided to direct a plurality of charging intervals while charging the battery, each of the plurality of charging intervals having a target voltage, to alternately charge the battery in a first mode and in a second mode through the power management module, wherein a charging current flowing into the battery is uniformly maintained in the first mode and a voltage of the battery is uniformly maintained in the second mode, and to switch the first mode to the second mode when the voltage of the battery reaches the target voltage in the first mode.

Abstract: The disclosure features systems and methods for protecting transistors of a wireless power receiver. Systems can include a gate driver configured provide a control signal to control switching of the transistor gate such that power is transmitted to a load coupled to the receiver; and a controller coupled to the gate driver and configured to generate a protection signal. The protection signal can include (i) a fault signal indicating a fault in one or more components of the receiver; (ii) a signal indicating that the transistor gate should be latched; and/or (ii) at least one undervoltage signal indicating that an undervoltage condition exists in a power supply of the gate driver. Based on the generated protection signal, the gate driver can be configured to adjust the provided control signal to latch the transistor gate such that power is not transmitted to the load.

Abstract: A power system includes a primary bus connected to a traction battery, a secondary bus connected to an auxiliary battery, a power converter between the traction and auxiliary batteries, and a controller. The controller commands the power converter to increase a magnitude of current output to the secondary bus when an amount of charge current received by the traction battery exceeds a first amount threshold and commands the power converter to decrease the magnitude when an amount of charge current received by the auxiliary battery exceeds a second amount threshold.

Abstract: A setting device including a processor is provided. The processor is configured to, when occurrence of a secondary disaster is predicted after occurrence of a disaster, set a region in which the secondary disaster is predicted to a charging-prohibited zone in which use of a charging facility for charging a battery installed in a vehicle is prohibited.

Abstract: A method for estimating DoD of a battery includes obtaining voltage Va at a first electric charge rate A(Ia) and voltage Vb at a second electric charge rate B(Ib) by checking a voltage-DoD table based on DoD of an experimental battery respectively; measuring voltage V of the experimental battery; substituting Ia, Ib, Va, Vb and V into an expression to calculate an estimated current lest; and using a Coulomb counter to update the voltage-DoD table and estimate the DoD of the experimental battery.

Abstract: A multi-battery system implements operations to equalize discharge path impedance. The system includes first and second batteries of different capacities each coupled to a battery rail that supports source load electronics. The system includes charge control electronics configured to decouple the first battery from the battery rail when the discharge path of the first battery and the discharge path of the second battery have unequal impedance and to recouple the first battery to the battery rail when the discharge path of the first battery and the discharge path of the second battery have substantially equal impedance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for battery current monitoring. An example apparatus includes a haptic device, an isolation switch to deliver power from a battery to the haptic device, an integrator to integrate a signal based on a current from the battery to the haptic device to generate an integrator output, and control logic to control the isolation switch based on a comparison of the integrator output to a threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for state-of-charge balancing in battery management systems for Si/Li batteries. State-of-charge (SOC) of one or more lithium-ion cells may be assessed, and based on the assessing of the SOC, the one or more lithium-ion cells may be controlled. The controlling may include setting or modifying one or more operating parameters of at least one lithium-ion cell, and the controlling may be configured to equilibrate the SOC of the one or more lithium-ion cells or to modify an SOC of at least one lithium-ion cell so that the one or more lithium-ion cells have a balanced SOC.

Abstract: Disclosed are a battery cell self-discharge current detection method, apparatus, and device, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: controlling a constant voltage source to start charging a battery cell at a first moment, and acquiring a first rate of change of a target current over time in a first preset duration after the first moment; controlling, in the case where the first rate of change is greater than a first threshold value, a constant current source and the constant voltage source to charge the battery cell; acquiring, in the case of reaching a second moment, a second rate of change of the target current over time in a second preset duration after the second moment, wherein the second moment is a moment when the time for charging the battery cell using the constant current source and the constant voltage source reaches a third preset duration; and determining.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided that includes a battery management system with an energy storage device configured to power the vehicle. The energy storage device includes a battery module with: at least one sensor, a processor, and an optical transceiver. The battery management system also includes a control unit to control the energy storage device, and a control unit optical transceiver configured for bidirectional free-space optical communication with the battery module optical transceiver via a free-space optical communication link. The battery module processor is configured to receive sensor readings and transmit them to the control unit via the free-space optical communication link. Based on the sensor readings, the control unit sends commands to the battery module processor via the free-space optical communication link.

Abstract: In general, one aspect disclosed features an apparatus, comprising: a battery; a resistive load; a switch comprising a first transistor and a second transistor; a resistor; an inductor; and a control circuit; wherein the switch, the resistor, and the inductor are coupled in series between the battery and the resistive load; and wherein the control circuit controls the switch based on a voltage across the resistor. In general, another aspect disclosed features an apparatus, comprising: a battery; a resistive load; a switch; a resistor; an inductor; and a control circuit; wherein the switch, the resistor, and the inductor are coupled in series between the battery and the resistive load; and wherein the control circuit controls the switch based on a voltage across the resistor.

Abstract: Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.

Abstract: When a charging connector of an EVSE is connected to an inlet, a vehicle transmits charging information to a server. The server determines whether or not there is a predetermined function which is set to OFF among functions for external charging included in the vehicle. When there is a predetermined function which is set to OFF, the server transmits a recommendation notification to a smartphone. The smartphone transmits selection information in response to an operation of a user on the recommendation notification to the server. Based on the selection information, the server generates setting information about the predetermined function and transmits the setting information to the vehicle. The vehicle performs a setting for the predetermined function according to the setting information.

Abstract: A battery management system for batteries, such as, but not limited to, electric vehicle battery packs and cells, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lead acid batteries, gel batteries, and absorbed gel mat batteries, in engine start applications is disclosed. The battery management system is configured to control the charge and charging of each cell individually. The battery management system may be configured to control the charge of a battery which may consist of a plurality of cells, such as, but not limited to, lithium iron phosphate cells, and in at least one embodiment, the battery may consist of, but is not limited to being formed from, four lithium iron phosphate cells connected in series and a battery management system to ensure proper charge and safe operation.

Abstract: A battery micro-short circuit detection method and apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a target initial battery parameter value of a target battery at an initial moment, and determining a reference initial battery parameter value of a virtual reference battery at the initial moment, where a response of the virtual reference battery is the same as a response of the target battery when a same excitation condition is given; obtaining a target battery parameter value of the target battery at a specified moment; determining a reference battery parameter value of the virtual reference battery at the specified moment based on the target battery parameter value and the reference initial battery parameter; and calculating a difference between the target battery parameter value and the reference battery parameter value, and determining, based on the difference, that the target battery is micro-short-circuited.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention includes at least four steps as follows: an initial charging step of charging the lithium-ion secondary battery, which has not been subjected to initial charging, under a temperature environment ranging of equal to or higher than ?20° C. and equal to or lower than 15° C.; an aging step of leaving the lithium-ion secondary battery under a temperature environment ranging of equal to or higher than 30° C. and equal to or lower than 80° C. after the initial charging step; a short circuit detecting step of detecting the presence or absence of a short circuit of the lithium-ion secondary battery by measuring a voltage drop quantity of the lithium-ion secondary battery and comparing the voltage drop quantity with a reference value; and a sorting step of sorting out a lithium-ion secondary battery in which no short circuit is detected.

Abstract: An energy storage system for a vehicle, includes one or more battery units for storing electrical energy; at least one high voltage switch for connection and disconnection of the one or more battery units to at least one load, such as an electrical machine; a fuse for disconnection of the one or more battery units when the energy storage system experiences an overcurrent being above a predetermined overcurrent value. The energy storage system is configured to during use, identify if a condition has occurred which requires immediate shutdown of the energy storage system.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for power electronics-based (PE-based) battery management. A system may include a set of battery strings, where each battery string may include a set of battery modules, and where each battery module may include a set of battery cells. The system may also include a set of power converters, where each power converter may be coupled with at least one battery string. A power electronics-based (PE-based) BMS may provide one or more battery management functions for at least one corresponding battery string while also monitoring or controlling a corresponding power converter.

Abstract: An in-vehicle backup power supply device includes a battery unit having a plurality of unit batteries connected in series and a discharge circuit configured to perform a first discharge operation for supplying power to a third conductive path based on a charge accumulated in the battery unit, a balance circuit performs a cell balancing operation on the battery unit, and a control unit controls the balance circuit, and the balance circuit is performs a second discharge operation for supplying power to the third conductive path based on a charge accumulated in a plurality of power storage elements, and the control unit performs a first control for causing the balance circuit to perform the cell balancing operation and a second control for causing the balance circuit to perform the second discharge operation, and if a failure in which the first discharge operation cannot operate normally occurs, performs the second control.

Abstract: In an aspect the present disclosure is directed to an electric aircraft. An electric aircraft may include a plurality of fixed wings, a tail, a first boom, and a second boom and a plurality of lift components. The aircraft also includes a tail affixed to the aft end of the fuselage, a first boom including a first rear end affixed to the tail and a first forward end proximal to the fore end of the fuselage, wherein the first boom is affixed to a first wing, a second boom including a second rear end affixed to the tail and a second forward end proximal to the fore end of the fuselage, wherein the second boom is affixed to the second wing. The aircraft may include a plurality of lift components which may be affixed to the booms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte detection device. The electrolyte detection device comprises: a contamination detection plate configured to contact any one surface of a secondary battery, in which an opening is provided; first and second conductors provided to be spaced apart from each other so that current does not flow on a surface of the contamination detection plate, the first and second conductors being electrically connected to each other by an electrolyte leaking from the opening of the secondary battery; a power member comprising a positive electrode connected to the first conductor and a negative electrode connected to the second conductor; and a contamination detection member configured to detect whether the electrolyte leaks through the current generated when the first conductor and the second conductor are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter is connected to an auxiliary battery using a second wire, and the DC-DC converter steps down a voltage and outputs it to the second wire. Plural loads are connected in parallel with the auxiliary battery to the DC-DC converter using plural third wires. A power supply control ECU varies the output voltage of the DC-DC converter and determines a fault range based on the output voltage of the DC-DC converter and a charging/discharging current of the auxiliary battery at that time.

Abstract: A system for suppressing inrush currents is described. The system may include a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor arranged in series between a power source and a battery system to be charged. At a low temperature, while the PTC thermistor provides only minimal resistance to minimize an inrush current, the NTC thermistor provides increased resistance. As the temperature increases, the resistance provided by the PTC thermistor increases as the resistance from the NTC thermistor decreases. The system may be used in conjunction with a battery charging system has at least one current pathway from the power source to the battery system.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) and a power translator component coupled to the PMIC. The power translator component supplies power to the PMIC. The power translator component can further receive, from the PMIC, an indication that the PMIC has experienced a thermal event and responsive to receipt of the indication that the PMIC has experienced the thermal event, prevent powering of the PMIC.

Abstract: A vehicle and control method include a traction battery, a temperature sensor, current sensor, and voltage sensor associated with the traction battery, an electric machine powered by the traction battery to provide propulsive power to the vehicle, and a controller configured to control at least one of the electric machine and the traction battery in response to a battery state of charge (SOC) estimated using a battery model having parameters including a first resistance in series with a second resistance and a capacitance in parallel to the second resistance. The battery model parameters are adjusted during vehicle operation using a Kalman filter and reinitialized to new values in response to a vehicle key-on, in response to a change in the battery current exceeding a corresponding threshold, and/or in response to any of the parameter values crossing an associated limit.

Abstract: A system for generator-based charging of a battery module may include the battery module, a sensor located adjacent the battery module, a generator controller comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory device storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the generator controller to analyze one or more sensor signals received from the sensor. The sensor signals may correspond to a condition of the battery module. The generator controller may then calculate, based on the one or more sensor signals, a generator current value for use in charging the battery module. Next, the generator controller may generate a control signal comprising a command that may cause the generator to provide a charging current having the current value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for detecting a defect of a battery pack, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for detecting a defect of a capacitor provided in the battery pack. According to the present disclosure, since a defect of a capacitor is detected using a noise signal, the defect of the capacitor in an assembled battery pack may be easily detected. In addition, since the present disclosure includes a compact circuit structure for noise signal output, noise signal filtering and voltage measurement, the cost for detecting a defect of the capacitor may be reduced.

Abstract: A decrease in the capacity of a power storage device is inhibited by adjusting or reducing imbalance in the amount of inserted and extracted carrier ions between positive and negative electrodes, which is caused by decomposition of an electrolyte solution of the negative electrode. Further, the capacity of the power storage device can be restored. Furthermore, impurities in the electrolyte solution can be decomposed with the use of the third electrode. A power storage device including positive and negative electrodes, an electrolyte, and a third electrode is provided. The third electrode has an adequate electrostatic capacitance. The third electrode can include a material with a large surface area. In addition, a method for charging the power storage device including the steps of performing charging by applying a current between the positive and negative electrodes, and performing additional applying a current between the third electrode and the negative electrode is provided.

Abstract: A seismic data acquisition unit includes a housing, and disposed within the housing, communication circuitry, and circuitry configured to detect and digitize seismic signals. The communication circuitry includes a first transmitter plate, a second transmitter plate, a first receiver plate, a second receiver plate, and a driver. The first and second transmitter plates, and first and second receiver plates, are adjacent a wall of the housing. The driver is coupled to the first transmitter plate and the second transmitter plate. The receiver is coupled to the first receiver plate and the second receiver plate. The communication circuitry transmits digitized seismic signals via a first capacitor that includes the first transmitter plate, and a second capacitor that includes the second transmitter plate. The communication circuitry receives information via a third capacitor that includes the first receiver plate, and a fourth capacitor that includes the second receiver plate.

Abstract: Provided are a load detection system and a load detection method thereof. The load detection system includes an adjustable power supply (110) and a detection module (12). The adjustable power supply (110) and a to-be-detected load 120 together form a set load detection circuit (11), and the adjustable power supply (110) is configured to output a changing power supply signal to the to-be-detected load (120) through the set load detection circuit (11). The detection module (12) is configured to detect at least two changing electrical parameters in the set load detection circuit (11), acquire an equivalent resistance value of the to-be-detected load (120) according to the at least two changing electrical parameters, and detect whether the to-be-detected load (120) includes a charging device according to a non-linear change curve or a linear change curve formed by the equivalent resistance value and the power supply signal.

Abstract: In a status detection system, a data acquisition circuit monitors statuses of a battery to generate status data. A storage medium stores a set of lookup tables. A lookup table of the lookup tables includes a set of datasets corresponding to a set of time frames. Each dataset includes digital values of parameters of the battery obtained in a corresponding time frame of the time frames. A controller receives the status data and updates the lookup tables based on the status data. The controller also obtains a current dataset of the parameters based on the status data, searches the lookup table for a previous dataset that matches the current dataset, compares a current value of a parameter in the current dataset with a previous value of the parameter in the previous dataset, and determines whether a potential fault is present in the battery based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: An electrical energy management system includes a first battery having a nominal operating voltage, a second battery having a charging voltage sufficiently close to the nominal operating voltage of the first battery such that the first battery can charge the second battery when the first battery and the second battery are electrically connected in parallel, a generator that is controllable to provide a variable output voltage, a starter motor, an electrical load, a plurality of switches each controllable to be in an open state or a closed state, and a controller that is configured to control the output voltage of the generator and to control the open or closed state of each of the plurality of switches.

Abstract: A battery heating method and a battery heating system for a vehicle battery. The battery heating system includes a vehicle battery, an auxiliary energy storage device, a direct current to direct current converter and a processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the battery heating system to operate in a first mode wherein the direct current to direct current converter is configured to control a current to flow through the vehicle battery in a first direction and operate in a second mode wherein the direct current to direct current converter is configured to control a current to flow through the vehicle battery in a second direction.

Abstract: A battery management system of a battery cell assembly including a plurality of cells, includes a plurality of first cell balancing resistors and a plurality of first cell balancing switches connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a corresponding first cell among the plurality of cells; and a plurality of second cell balancing resistors and a plurality of second cell balancing switches connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding first cell, wherein a first cell balancing current flowing during an on period of each first cell balancing switch is greater than a second cell balancing current flowing during an on period of each second cell balancing switch.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules arranged along at least one direction, a resistor connected to an abnormal battery module that operates abnormally among the battery modules to absorb energy, an event detector provided to detect the abnormal battery module, a switch to connect or disconnect each of the battery modules to/from the resistor to selectively form a closed circuit, and a controller to receive information from the event detector and control the switch to form a current path between the abnormal battery module and the resistor.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, one or more systems, one or more methods, and/or one or more processes may determine multiple voltage values associated with a rechargeable battery over a period of time; store the multiple voltage values with respect to multiple clock values over the period of time; determine a voltage drop rate from the multiple voltage values and the multiple clock values; determine a threshold voltage value associated with a predicted energy capacity of the rechargeable battery for a mobile information handling system (IHS) to perform a power state transition; determine a voltage value associated with the rechargeable battery; determine that the voltage value has reached the threshold voltage value; provide a notification to an operating system executed by the mobile IHS; store data from a volatile memory medium to a non-volatile memory medium; and transition the mobile IHS from an operational state to a power conservation state.

Abstract: A safety element is provided to a lead connected part of a battery module in the event of overcharge, to improve safety of the battery module. The battery module according to the present disclosure includes two or more battery cells, and the battery module includes a current shut-off battery cell which electrically connects adjacent first and second battery cells, and when overcharge occurs, ruptures to disconnect the electrical connection.

Abstract: The technology relates generally to a distributed battery cell charging circuit that allows for battery cells to be positioned in different locations. The distributed battery charging circuit may include a first charging circuit including at least one battery cell, a second charging circuit including at least one battery cell, and a controller configured to control the charging of the at least one battery cell in the first charging circuit independently of controlling the charging of the at least one battery cell in the second charging circuit.

Abstract: A battery module including a battery string and a switch is provided. The battery string includes a first battery, a second battery, a third battery, a first metal plate, and a second metal plate. The first battery includes a first positive terminal and a first negative terminal. The second battery includes a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal. The third battery includes a third positive terminal and a third negative terminal. The first metal plate is connected to the first negative terminal and the second positive terminal. The second metal plate is connected to the second negative terminal and the third positive terminal. The switch is connected to the first or second metal plate.