Abstract: A vehicle battery heating apparatus is to be mounted in a vehicle that travels with electricity from a battery. The apparatus includes a battery, a heater, a sensor, a controller, and a memory. The battery is mountable in the vehicle to allow the vehicle to travel. The heater heats the battery. The sensor obtains a temperature of the battery. The controller heats the battery with the heater. The memory stores heating target temperatures for respective remaining capacities of the battery. The controller obtains a remaining capacity of the battery, obtains a target temperature from the memory in accordance with the obtained remaining capacity, and sets a target temperature for heating the battery which is not on charge while the vehicle is stopped to the obtained target temperature. The heater heats the battery to the set target temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of controllers and methods for use in climate control systems. In an exemplary embodiment, a controller for use in a climate control system includes a charger for providing a charge current to a battery of the controller. The controller also includes a variable resistance for selectively limiting the charge current. A control is configured to monitor the charge current and a voltage of the battery. Based on the monitoring, the control varies the resistance to keep the monitored voltage in a range defined by (a) a top charge voltage less than full capacity of the battery and (b) a discharge end voltage greater than a cut-off voltage of the battery. The monitored voltage has a substantially minimized rate of change within the range.

Abstract: A power tool includes a motor and control means for controlling the motor. The motor is capable of being driven by power supplied from a battery pack including a battery cell. The control means is configured to continue to rotate the motor even when a motor-halt signal is inputted from the battery pack. With this structure, the power tool can be used continuously without need to halt rotation of the motor, even when receiving a halt signal, such as an overdischarge detection signal or an overcurrent detection signal.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and information handling system manage a rate of decreasing full capacity of a rechargeable battery by using a projected/target rate of decreasing charge capacity for the battery. The method includes determining an actual rate of decreasing charge capacity of the battery, comparing the actual rate of decreasing charge capacity to the projected/target rate of decreasing charge capacity to determine whether the actual rate of decreasing charge capacity is greater than the projected rate of decreasing charge capacity, and if the actual rate of decreasing charge capacity is greater than the projected/target rate of decreasing charge capacity, modifying one or more variable parameters to slow down the actual rate of decreasing charge capacity of the battery such that the actual rate of decreasing charge capacity remains within a range of the projected/target rate of decreasing charge capacity, and charging and discharging the battery using the modified parameters.

Abstract: Apparatus for increasing the efficiency and safety of a starter battery for a starter motor of an internal combustion engine in a battery pack arrangement with one or more lithium based cells. The invention includes a solid state switching configuration for high powered battery systems for protecting against over-charging, over-discharging and short circuiting of batteries, especially starter batteries for internal combustion engines. The invention is also useful as a portable jump starter for internal combustion engines, as well as a charger for batteries and battery-operated electronic devices.

Abstract: A method to control thermal energy transport uses mobile coherent interfaces in nanoscale ferroelectric films to scatter phonons. The thermal conductivity can be actively tuned, simply by applying an electrical potential across the ferroelectric material and thereby altering the density of these coherent boundaries to directly impact thermal transport at room temperature and above. The invention eliminates the necessity of using moving components or poor efficiency methods to control heat transfer, enabling a means of thermal energy control at the micro- and nano-scales.

Abstract: Temperature characteristics of battery cells are detected. In accordance with one or more embodiments, an intercept frequency is detected for each battery cell, at which frequency an imaginary part of a plot of impedance values of the battery cell exhibits a zero crossing. The impedance values correspond to current injected into the cell. A temperature of the cell is determined based upon the detected intercept frequency for the cell and stored data that models operation of the cell. Various approaches are implemented with different types of circuits coupled to detect the impedance values of the respective cells.

Abstract: Methods and systems to determine an internal temperature of a rechargeable lithium-ion cell based on a phase shift of the cell. Internal cell temperature may be determined with respect to an internal anode temperature and/or an internal cathode temperature. Internal anode temperature may be determined based on a phase shift of a frequency within a range of approximately 40 Hertz (Hz) to 500 Hz. Internal cathode temperature may be determined based on a phase shift of a frequency of up to approximately 30 Hz. A temperature sensor as disclosed herein may be powered by a monitored cell with relatively little impact on cell charge, may be electrically coupled to cell but housed physically separate from the cell, and/or may monitor multiple cells in a multiplex fashion. A rate of change in phase shift may be used to initiate pre-emptive action, without determining corresponding temperatures.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus, including: a rechargeable battery that includes a temperature detecting terminal from which temperature status of the rechargeable battery is obtained; a connector that supplies electric power to charge the rechargeable battery; a battery charge unit that controls the electric power and charges the rechargeable battery via the connector; a control unit that controls the battery charge unit and operation of the image processing apparatus; and a switch unit that switches a connection of the temperature detecting terminal among the battery charge unit and the control unit.

Abstract: A mobile terminal apparatus including a battery, a temperature detection section that detects a temperature of the battery, a voltage detection section that detects a battery voltage of the battery, a discharge section discharges the battery, an illuminance detection section that detects an illuminance on the mobile terminal apparatus, and a control section. The control section determines whether to gradually discharge the battery in accordance with the detected illuminance or to rapidly discharge the battery, and the determination is made on the basis of the temperature detected from the temperature detection section and the battery voltage detected from the voltage detection section.

Abstract: A method for using a stand-alone system, provided with an actuator connected to a battery, comprises during a discharging phase of the battery at a predetermined current the measurement of a temperature representative of the battery temperature and the determination of a first voltage threshold depending upon the measured temperature. Then, a voltage is measured at the battery terminals. An operating mode, selected at least between a normal and deteriorated mode, is determined, said stand-alone system being in the normal operating mode when the measured voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold, and in the deteriorated operating mode when the measured voltage is lower that the first voltage threshold, the current provided by the battery during an actuation being reduced when going from the normal mode to the deteriorated mode.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatus for removing heat generated by cells of a battery pack. The method and apparatus may employ one or more fan modules disposed between or next to cells of the battery pack, or one or more fans directly mounted to the battery pack or battery pack case housing the cells. Further, a motor controller isolation system operates to electricity isolate the motor controller of the electric vehicle when the battery pack is being charged. The motor controller isolation system may be integrated with the integrated battery pack and thermal and ventilation system. The integrated system, or “integrated battery unit (IBU),” is preferably manufactured in a manner that requires no, modifications to the electric vehicle in which the IBU is installed.

Abstract: A lithium polymer (LiPo) battery pack having LiPo battery cells is provided which includes battery protection circuitry, charging circuitry, cell balancing circuitry, and control and communication circuitry. The batteries can be charged while in use by an internal charger. Battery charging and discharging are accomplished in a controlled and protected manner to avoid overcharging and overdischarging conditions. The novel battery pack has built-in safeguards against dangerous LiPo battery conditions and is implemented in a small, portable unit which contains the battery cells, control and protection circuitry, internal charger and display gauge. The battery pack is useful for powering an intravenous fluid warmer or other medical or electrical devices and equipment.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a current control device that has a thermostat and a positive temperature coefficient device whose resistance increases as the temperature rises connected in parallel, the current control device being inserted into a discharge current path of a battery cell and a protection circuit that detects a voltage of the battery cell, detects an overcharge and over-discharge of the battery cell, and generates an overcharge detection signal and an over-discharge detection signal. In a normal state, a discharge current of the battery cell flows through the thermostat of the current control device. When the discharge current is large enough to damage the battery cell, the thermostat turns off and the discharge current flows through the positive temperature coefficient device. When the positive temperature coefficient device produces heat, a resistance of the positive temperature coefficient device increases and the discharge current is limited or interrupted.

Abstract: Faulty battery detecting and locating devices and methods are able to detect and locate a faulty battery cell. The device applies an energy to a sensing member, such as a polymeric tube containing at least two polymer-coated and twisted electric wires. Heat that is generated by a faulty battery triggers an electric communication between the two electric wires by melting at least a portion of the polymer. The resulting change in resistance between the two electric wires is used to detect and locate a faulty battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temperature estimating method of a battery. A predetermined module of a battery is equipped with a temperature sensor and a current/voltage sensor(s). Whether the battery deteriorates can be determined by using the measured temperature, current, and voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a protection circuit for a secondary battery and a secondary battery having the same, which can interrupt electric current input into the secondary battery when the temperature of the secondary battery increases due to an overcharge, and also can protect the secondary battery in the case where the already charged secondary battery is exposed to a high temperature due to the increase of an external or internal temperature of the secondary battery. The protection circuit includes: means having one end connected to a first electrode of the secondary battery, for restricting electric current; switching means for connecting a second electrode of the secondary battery to a first outer electrode, or to the current restriction means in response to temperature; and a conducting wire for connecting the first electrode of the secondary battery to a second outer electrode.

Abstract: A safety switch of a secondary battery module for an electric vehicle includes a cutting member attached to one surface of one secondary battery cell in the secondary battery module for the electric vehicle configured by connecting at least two secondary battery cells and having a cutting body and a cut member attached to one surface of the other secondary battery cell while facing the cutting member and including a cut body configured to approach the cutting body of the cutting member and be cut by the approaching cutting body to electrically disconnect the secondary battery cells, when the secondary battery cells are expanded due to the swelling phenomenon.

Abstract: A protection circuit module (PCM) for a secondary battery including a bare cell is provided. The PCM includes: a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB); and control circuitry mounted on the FPCB via adhesive material and configured for electrical coupling to the bare cell through the FPCB. The control circuitry is adapted to control charging and discharging of the bare cell.

Abstract: A charge control circuit includes a resistance module, a voltage comparing module, and a charge control module. The resistance module includes a thermistor, and the resistance of the thermistor varies according to the temperature of a battery. The voltage comparing module is connected to the resistance module. The voltage comparing module compares the voltage of the thermistor with upper and lower voltage limits to determine whether the temperature of the battery is in the charge temperature range. If the voltage comparing module determines the voltage of the thermistor is outside the allowed range, the comparing module outputs a control signal to control the charge control module to stop charging the battery.

Abstract: A battery circuit for an electric vehicle that employs a resistor that provides both a pre-charging function at system start-up and battery heating. The battery circuit includes a positive high voltage bus line electrically coupled to a positive terminal of the battery and a negative high voltage bus line electrically coupled to the negative terminal of the battery. A first end of the resistor is electrically coupled to the positive high voltage bus line, a first switch is electrically coupled between a second end of the resistor and the positive high voltage bus line and a second switch is electrically coupled between the second end of the resistor and the negative high voltage bus line. The pre-charging operation is provided when the first switch is closed and the second switch is opened and the heating function is provided when the second switch is closed and the first switch is opened.

Abstract: A charge control circuit equipped with a function of controlling a charging current to be supplied to a secondary battery, comprises: a detecting unit for monitoring a temperature; and a charge control unit for controlling so as to break the charging current when the monitored temperature rises to a temperature equal to or more than a predetermined set temperature, decrease the charging current as the monitored temperature becomes higher when the monitored temperature is in a predetermined temperature range lower than the set temperature, flow the charging current having a predetermined current value in a state where the monitored temperature is lower than a lower limit temperature of the temperature range, or flow the charging current having a current value smaller than the current value when the monitored temperature is within a range of from an upper limit temperature of the temperature range to the set temperature.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling temperature in an electric vehicle battery pack which preserves battery pack performance and longevity while maximizing vehicle driving range. A controller prescribes a minimum allowable operating temperature in the battery pack, where the minimum operating temperature increases as battery pack state of charge and remaining useful life decrease. During vehicle driving operations, the minimum allowable temperature is computed, and a thermal management system is used to warm the battery pack only if necessary to raise its temperature above the calculated minimum level. By minimizing use of the thermal management system to warm the battery pack, energy consumption is reduced and vehicle driving range is increased, while not adversely affecting battery pack performance or durability. The same strategy is employed during charging, which reduces the amount of energy consumed from the grid for warming the battery pack.

Abstract: A mobile electronic device having a contact module and a method of preventing a rechargeable battery from exploding using a contact module. The contact module includes a contact module body disposed inside a mobile electronic device; a plurality of contact terminals elastically fitted to the contact module body to be electrically connected to contact terminals of the rechargeable battery; and a temperature sensor module disposed on one side of the contact module to detect a temperature of the rechargeable battery. The contact module is embodied by setting contact terminals and a temperature sensor module into one unitary module, and can correctly measure the temperature of the rechargeable battery to effectively prevent the rechargeable battery from exploding when the battery is being charged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for managing the heat in an electric battery including a plurality of elements for generating electric power, the method including, when recharging said battery from an external power source, preconditioning said battery at an average temperature T0 and, when using said battery, determining the absolute value ?T2 of the difference between the temperature T0 and the average temperature T of said battery, wherein said method includes activating a heat-conditioning device of the battery when the difference ?T2 is higher than a setpoint C2, said setpoint being established on the basis of the state of charge (SOC) of said battery.

Abstract: A modular and scalable power source can be used to supplement and/or replace existing sources of power. In some embodiments, a DC source can be used to charge a battery in a host system, provide power as a back-up system, or be a primary source of power. The power source includes a set of battery units and one or more circuits that provide an alternative signal path around the battery units if the battery units are at a particular charge level. Temperature sensors are used to turn off or otherwise adjust the alternative signal paths if the temperatures of the alternative signal paths become too high.

Abstract: A discharge apparatus includes a discharge device having a temperature characteristic in which the impedance of the discharge device in a discharging state decreases as the ambient temperature increases, a capacitor that stores charge for causing the discharge device to discharge, a discharge control device that controls electrical connection and disconnection between the capacitor and the discharge device, and a current limiting device that limits a current flowing in the discharge control device to a predetermined value or less when the discharge control device electrically connects the capacitor to the discharge device. The current limiting device is serially connected to the discharge device, the capacitor, and the discharge control device. The current limiting device is a thermistor having a temperature characteristic in which the resistance of the thermistor increases as the temperature of the thermistor increases.

Abstract: A battery pack may include at least one battery cell, a switch having an ON resistance dependent on a temperature of the switch, a thermistor having a resistance varying with changes in the temperature, and battery state monitoring circuitry. The battery state monitoring circuitry may be configured to monitor a voltage drop across the switch caused by a current flowing through the switch and the resistance of the thermistor to correlate the voltage drop to the current level. A cordless electrical device including the battery pack, and an associated method are also provided.

Abstract: A dual-mode charger circuit includes a first charge circuit and a second charge circuit connected in parallel between a power source and a battery, to charge the battery under a slow charge mode and a quick charge mode. A central processing unit detects a capacity of the battery and determines whether the detected capacity exceeds a predetermined capacity, and outputs a mode control signal according to the determination. A mode switch circuit switches the second charger circuit on/off according to the mode control signal. When the second charge circuit is off, the battery is charged under the slow charge mode, and when the second charge circuit is on, the battery is charged under the quick charge mode.

Abstract: A battery charging apparatus and method adapted to reduce battery capacity as a function of increased temperature thereby permitting partial charges at temperatures in excess of manufacturer's recommendations. The method includes steps of reducing charging current and charging voltage as a function of battery temperature thereby averting chemical instability within the battery. The apparatus detects battery temperature and includes a controller that will control charger voltage and current as a function of temperature and determine a suitable charging capacity.

Abstract: In a battery pack including a protection circuit, a series circuit of a thermistor and a resistor is disposed in a vicinity of a secondary battery and connected in parallel with the secondary battery. A connection detecting circuit is disposed to detect connection of a charging device to the battery pack. A comparator is disposed to compare a voltage of a junction point of the thermistor and the resistor with a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined temperature. A gate circuit is disposed to activate an output signal of the comparator only when the connection of the charging device is detected. The protection circuit is arranged so that, when a temperature of the secondary battery exceeds the predetermined temperature, a switch element is turned off in accordance with the output signal of the comparator activated.

Abstract: The present invention provides an overheat protection device which is capable of effectively preventing a secondary battery from overheating. In the overheat protection device (20), a variable resistive element(s) (11) of which resistance varies depending on a temperature is located on and thermally combined with a certain position(s) of an electrical system (1), and a switching element (15) for controlling a current depending on an applied voltage thereto is arranged so as to control the current flowing through the electrical system (1). When the certain position of the electrical system (1) comes to be under a high temperature condition, the variable resistive element (11) interrupts the current flowing through the electrical system (1) by changing the applied voltage to the switching element (15).

Abstract: An auto management system for an air filter used in a battery pack comprises at least one cell and a case accommodating each of the cells so that there is secured an air flow passage between the neighboring cells. The battery pack is provided with an air inlet at one side and an air outlet on the other side and comprises an air filter detachably mounted at an outside end of the air inlet of the case; a blowing fan provided to one of the air inlet and the air outlet; a flux sensor; a control unit connected to the cells of the battery pack, the blowing fan and the flux sensor, respectively, measuring currents, voltages and temperatures of the respective cells and electrically controlling the blowing fan and the flux sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for determining when a battery, or one or more batteries within a battery pack, undergoes an undesired thermal event such as thermal runaway. The system uses a conductive member mounted in close proximity to, or in contact with, an external surface of the battery or batteries to be monitored. A resistance measuring system such as a continuity-tester or an ohmmeter is coupled to the conductive member, the resistance measuring system outputting a first signal when the temperature corresponding to the battery or batteries is within a prescribed temperature range and a second signal when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature that falls outside of the prescribed temperature range.

Abstract: A charging regulator assembly for an energy storing device includes an active material actuator configured to move a contact from a connected position permitting current transfer between the contact and a power bus into a disconnected position preventing current transfer between the contact and the power bus. The active material actuator is engaged in response to a temperature of the active material actuator rising above a pre-determined value. Moving the contact into the disconnected position prevents further current transfer into or out of the energy storing device, thereby preventing further heating of the energy storing device and preventing potential damage to the energy storing device form overheating.

Abstract: A lithium polymer (LiPo) battery pack having LiPo battery cells is provided which includes battery protection circuitry, charging circuitry, cell balancing circuitry, and control and communication circuitry. The batteries can be charged while in use by an internal charger. Battery charging and discharging are accomplished in a controlled and protected manner to avoid overcharging and overdischarging conditions. The novel battery pack has built-in safeguards against dangerous LiPo battery conditions and is implemented in a small, portable unit which contains the battery cells, control and protection circuitry, internal charger and display gauge. The battery pack is useful for powering an intravenous fluid warmer or other medical or electrical devices and equipment.

Abstract: A protection circuit is provided for protecting a secondary battery from overcharging and excessive discharge current by a simple circuit. The protection circuit is provided with a connection terminal (T3) for connecting the secondary battery (6); a connection terminal (T1) for connecting a charging device for charging the secondary battery (6) and/or a load device driven by a discharge current from the secondary battery (6); a bimetal switch (SW1) that is provided between the connection terminals (T1, T3) and turned off in the case of exceeding a specified temperature set beforehand; a heater (R2) for heating the bimetal switch (SW1); and an integrated circuit (IC1) for turning the bimetal switch (SW1) off by causing the heater (R2) to generate heat if a voltage applied to the connection terminal (T3) by the secondary battery (6) exceeds a preset reference voltage.

Abstract: A state-of-charge equalizing device equalizes the state of charge of each of cells connected in series to form an assembled battery, and comprises charging/discharging circuits connected in parallel to the respective cells to discharge and/or charge the respective cells, voltage measurement circuits connected to the respective charging/discharging circuits to measure the voltages across the respective cells, and a control circuit.

Abstract: A charge controlling circuit controls charging of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery. An electric power supplied from an external charger to the lithium-ion rechargeable battery is taken by a charging terminal. When the charging terminal is connected to the external charger, whether or not a charge prohibition condition is satisfied is determined by a CPU. A charging operation is prohibited when the charge prohibition condition is satisfied, but is permitted when the charge prohibition condition is not satisfied. Here, the charge prohibition condition includes a shortest time condition that a time during which the charging terminal is detached from the external charger is above a defined time decided in view of an instantaneous power interruption.

Abstract: A charger protection device (20) includes an oscillator (201), a resistor (204) electronically connected to the oscillator, a capacitor (203) electronically connected to the resistor and a switch (202). The oscillator (201), the resistor (204) and the capacitor (203) form an oscillating circuit. The switch is electronically connected to the capacitor, and a voltage across the capacitor is input to the switch.

Abstract: A power supply system for portable equipment has a lithium-ion secondary battery as a power supply, a temperature detection portion for detecting a temperature of the power supply, a voltage detection portion for detecting a voltage of the power supply, a memory portion, and a forced discharge portion. The memory portion stores a control operating temperature, a control operating voltage and a control termination voltage. The forced discharge portion recognizes an abnormality of the power supply when the temperature of the power supply is at least the control operating temperature and the voltage of the power supply is at least the control operating voltage. Then, the forced discharge portion electrifies the notification portion and makes it inform a message indicating that the abnormality is being avoided. The forced discharge portion forcedly discharges the power supply until the voltage of the power supply reaches the control termination voltage.

Abstract: A battery device includes a battery cell constituted by a secondary cell, a case that houses the battery cell, and a battery-side positive electrode terminal and a battery-side negative electrode terminal electrically provided in the case and connected to the battery cell. The battery device further includes a temperature detecting unit that detects the temperature of the battery cell, a temperature control unit that heats and/or cools the battery cell when an electric current is supplied thereto, and a current control unit that divides, according to the temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit, an externally-supplied charging current supplied from the outside via the battery-side positive electrode terminal and the battery-side negative electrode terminal into a first current supplied to the battery cell and a second current supplied to the temperature control unit.

Abstract: A protection circuit for a battery pack, comprising: a thermistor for indicating a temperature of a cell in the battery pack; a first comparator coupled to the thermistor for determining whether the temperature has exceeded a charge cut-off temperature threshold for the cell, and if so, for turning off a first switch in series with the cell to prevent: charging of the cell; and, a second comparator coupled to the thermistor for determining whether the temperature has exceeded a discharge cut-off temperature threshold for the cell, and if so, for turning off a second switch in series with the cell to prevent discharging of the cell.

Abstract: A system of optimally recharging a battery cell while powering a device connected to the battery pack, in which an electronic switch connects a battery pack power-output either to the battery cells or to a second power-input contact. When not recharging, the battery-pack power-output contact is connected to the battery cells, thereby powering the device from the cells. When recharging via a charging unit, the battery pack's power-output terminal is uncoupled from the cells and coupled to a power source of the charging unit, thereby powering the device from the charging unit. At the same time, a voltage is supplied to the battery cells, thereby recharging them. The switching may be activated by a voltage supplied by the charging unit to a temperature monitoring thermistor in the battery pack. In this way, the battery pack's power output may be automatically switched whenever it is placed in the charging unit.

Abstract: In a battery pack including a protection circuit, a series circuit of a thermistor and a resistor is disposed in a vicinity of a secondary battery and connected in parallel with the secondary battery. A connection detecting circuit is disposed to detect connection of a charging device to the battery pack. A comparator is disposed to compare a voltage of a junction point of the thermistor and the resistor with a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined temperature. A gate circuit is disposed to activate an output signal of the comparator only when the connection of the charging device is detected. The protection circuit is arranged so that, when a temperature of the secondary battery exceeds the predetermined temperature, a switch element is turned off in accordance with the output signal of the comparator activated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a medium- or large-sized battery module having a plurality of battery cells (unit cells), wherein the battery module is constructed in a structure in which detection units for detecting physical operation state of the battery cells are mounted to the respective battery cells, the detection units are connected to a control unit of the battery module while the detection units are connected in series with each other, and signals (detected signals) detected from the respective battery cells are transmitted to the control unit while the detected signals are included in signals detected from the entire battery cells. The detection units are mounted to the respective battery cells, and therefore, the accuracy of information on the physical operation state of the battery cells is improved, and the circuit for transmitting the detected signals to the control unit is simple although the number of the detection units is large.

Abstract: A battery charger and method for charging a battery are provided. The method includes comparing a battery temperature with an environmental temperature, charging the battery in a normal charge state if the battery temperature is greater than the environmental temperature and charging the battery in a warm charge state if the battery temperature is not greater than the environmental temperature. The method further includes monitoring a difference between the battery temperature and the environmental temperature when charging in the warm charge state, and switching from the warm charge state to the normal charge state when the difference between the battery temperature and the environmental temperature is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling temperature of a vehicle power source. The method includes determining a representative temperature of the power source, determining an ambient zone in which the power source is operating, determining a thermal control action based on the representative temperature and the ambient zone, and adjusting the temperature of the power source based on the thermal control action.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling battery cell charge current based on the ambient temperature conditions to which battery cell/s of a battery are exposed, for example, to control battery cell charging current for battery systems that may be exposed to environments where ambient temperature conditions are not controllable.

Abstract: A secondary cell featuring a transient rise in temperature once charged to saturation is coupled and thereby forms a composite structure with a charging assembly by mutual engagement of conductive contacts provided on either part. The force of union generated by the coupling compresses a thermosetting prestressed means which is a spring or other prestressed element the coupling brings the contacts into conduction to initiate charging. The stress is released once charging in the secondary cell reaches its saturation, followed by cutoff of the charging current to the secondary cell.