Abstract: An electrical architecture of an aircraft includes a plurality of primary generators each associated with a propulsion engine of the aircraft, a plurality of primary electrical networks each associated with a primary generator in nominal operating mode, a single-part secondary electrical network, an electrical energy accumulation device connected directly to the secondary network, a first electrical energy converter arranged between the secondary electrical network and a first of the primary electrical networks, allowing energy to be transferred from the first of the primary electrical networks to the secondary electrical network, the first electrical energy converter being intended to supply electrical energy to the electrical energy accumulation device in nominal operating mode, a second electrical energy converter arranged between the secondary electrical network and a second of the primary electrical networks, allowing energy to be transferred from the secondary electrical network to the second of the pri

Abstract: A system includes a generator and an engine coupled to the generator. The engine is configured to provide mechanical power to the generator. The system further includes a controller coupled to the engine and the generator. The controller is configured to: receive information regarding an engine operating parameter threshold value at which an engine operating parameter value failed to match a load demand value that is indicative of a load exerted by the generator on the engine, and set the engine operating parameter threshold value as a maximum allowable engine operating parameter value for the engine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described for conveying the amount of loading of a power source to a load control device by controlling the frequency of the AC power output from that power source in a manner that controlled frequency represents the loading. At a different location in the power system, the frequency is measured and the corresponding loading of the power source is used to prevent or alleviate a power source overload.

Abstract: A system and method for paralleling generators. A timing signal indicative of a waveform reference point of at least a first generator of the generators is received at a second generator. The receiving generator determines a closing time for a second generator breaker associated with the second generator in response the timing signal from the first generator. The first generator breaker and the second generator breaker, or an aggregated generator breaker is closed to a bus at the closing time.

Abstract: The method for on-board electrical power distribution according to the invention includes the producing a protected segregation interface (4A) between the primary distribution (2A) and the secondary distribution network for electrical power of the cabin system (30), referred to as the cabin network, so as to comply with the quality parameters for the primary distribution (2A); controlling the extraction of electrical power from the primary distribution (2A) by a cabin management system (G1, G2) depending on the availability of electrical power on this primary distribution (2A); converting and distributing this available electrical power in the cabin network (30) according to a suitable configuration of the loads (51, 52, 53) of this cabin network (30) and defined according to an electrical configuration of type, single/three-phase AC and DC, as well as of voltage level and frequency.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a driver circuit for light-emitting diodes has a first DC/DC converter (DCDC1) with an input (IN) for feeding a supply voltage (VBAT) and with a first output (OUT), a second DC/DC converter (DCDC2), which is coupled on the output side to the first output (OUT) and is designed for operation with energy supplied in advance, a current source (IFlash) that is connected to the first output (OUT), and a main output (LED_OUT), which is coupled to the current source (IFlash) and is designed to be connected to the light-emitting diodes. The first DC/DC converter (DCDC1) is designed for operation in a current-limiting mode. The second DC/DC converter (DCDC2) is designed for regulation to a nominal voltage (Vds) of the current source (IFlash).

Abstract: Systems to apply heat to an aircraft surface are disclosed. In some embodiments, heaters are embedded in a composite structure of an aircraft. In one embodiment, a composite aircraft structure comprises a base comprising a plurality of resin impregnated plies, a heating layer adjacent the base, wherein the heating layer comprises at least one heater, an adhesive layer adjacent the heating layer, a lightning protection layer adjacent the heating layer, and an exterior surface layer adjacent the lightning protection layer. Other embodiments may be described.

Abstract: An diesel or gas engine-generator unit comprises an internal combustion engine and an alternator, the output of which unit, in use, is adapted to supply electrical power to a site load. The unit is further provided with means to apply a further load (2) to the unit controllable by a switching arrangement (4,5), the unit further comprising a controller, which can be the genset controller, which is adapted to control the switching unit to apply the further load (2) before electrical power is supplied to the site load. This preloading of the generator enables significantly greater load steps to be applied to the genset. The preload can be a resistive, capacitive or inductive load and can also be applied in steps.

Abstract: A power plant, and a method for using an electrical unit therefor are disclosed, wherein, an electrical machine can be connected to a power network via a converter and a block transformer. A method is disclosed for using the electrical unit, wherein the converter disconnects the block transformer from the machine in the event of a malfunction of the block transformer.

Abstract: A mobile environment-controlled unit, such as an over-the-road compartment trailer, having an environmental-control system, such as a refrigeration unit, powered by an alternator and having a high-voltage alternating current (AC) bus. The unit incorporates a high resistance ground scheme and can incorporate a solid-state input module to detect phase-chassis faults. This combination provides an improvement in protection for mobile applications that cannot have a voltage reference (or neutral point) solidly connected to earth ground.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allowing the user of a power generator coupled to a time-varying load, to define an alternative reference impedance to enable on or more metrics to be provided relative to the alternative reference impedance. The metrics, for example, may provide indicia of performance of the power generator system. One illustrative embodiment provides a power delivery system that applies power to a plasma chamber to create a plasma therein; determines a reference impedance of the plasma at an operating condition; and controls the power delivery system based on the determined reference impedance.

Abstract: In a control device for a vehicle AC generator, a voltage control includes target voltage adjusting means for adjusting a target voltage value in response to a target change command from an external control unit and a gradual excitation control circuit that controls an excitation duty to increase according to an excitation duty control characteristic when a vehicle load increases and when the target voltage adjusting means varies the target voltage value to a lower value. The gradual excitation control circuit includes duty characteristic varying means for varying the excitation duty control characteristic. The duty characteristic varying means varies a rate of increase of the excitation duty in a predetermined region of the excitation duty control characteristic in comparison with its other region.

Abstract: A drive system for a grid blower of a vehicle is provided. The system includes: an electrical bus, a grid of resistive elements connected to the electrical bus, the grid of resistive elements configured to thermally dissipate electrical power generated from braking of the vehicle, the electrical power being transmitted on the electrical bus to the grid of resistive elements, an electrical power modulation device configured to modify electrical power received from at least one of the electrical bus and the grid of resistive elements, and a grid blower motor coupled to an output of the electrical power modulation device, wherein a speed of the grid blower motor varies based on the electrical power that has been modified by the electrical power modulation device.

Abstract: A power conditioner for circuit breaker panel and method of use. The apparatus comprises an electric motor electrically connected to distribution power lines into the breaker panel. The electric motor drives an electric generator. Electric power from the electric generator is fed into sector circuit breaker bus bars in the circuit breaker panel, which in turn power sector circuit breakers mounted to the sector circuit breaker bus bars. The circuit breaker panel may incorporate a main breaker between the distribution power lines and the sector circuit breaker bus bars. The apparatus may include a transmission between the motor and the generator. The method steps include using electric power from the distribution power line to run the electric motor, using the electric motor to drive the generator, and feeding power from the generator to the sector circuit breaker bus bars.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided, for connecting prime mover driven alternator to circuit that has an existing alternating current. Alternator is connected to circuit when minimum current flows to or from alternator. The actual current is measured by controller following connection and the value of this current is used to determine the optimal connection conditions when alternator is next connected. Alternator is disconnected by controller by running down prime mover, monitoring the current and stalling prime mover when the current flow is at a minimum.

Abstract: This invention discloses a power control system comprising a prime mover and a generator driven by the prime mover. A control device is coupled with the generator to ascertain a change in speed of the generator and vary an output power of the generator according to the change. The control device applies a signal to reduce the generator output power and another signal to restore the generator output power. The power control system may include a transmission, a speed converter, and/or an accessory.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a static excitation system for a superconducting rotor that comprises multiple brushes (12) in contact with the superconducting rotor winding (6), normally via collector rings and field leads. A power conditioning device (16) is connected to the brushes (12), and an energy storage device (18) is linked to the power conditioning device (16). The power conditioning device provides power from the energy storage device to the superconducting rotor when required, and when power to the superconducting rotor is not required, the power conditioning device takes excess power from the superconducting rotor and stores it in the energy storage device.

Abstract: A charging control device includes a control unit and a switching circuit. The control unit has an input end connected to a vehicle battery for receiving a battery voltage signal therefrom. The switching circuit includes at least two switch units, each of which is connected between an alternator and the vehicle battery and includes a conducting unit. The conducting unit includes a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) connected to the control unit and the alternator. The control unit controls the SCR of each switch unit to switch from a non-conducting state to a conducting state with reference to the battery voltage signal such that each switch unit permits supply of electricity from the alternator to the vehicle battery when the battery voltage signal is lower than a predetermined threshold, and interrupts supply of the electricity from the alternator to the vehicle battery when otherwise.

Abstract: A system and method for switching from one voltage to another voltage are disclosed. The system relates to an induction generator or motor that switches between a first voltage and a second voltage. The method comprises transitioning between two or more voltage levels by inserting and removing resistance and capacitance following a systematic timing scheme. The generator/motor may have one or more windings, such as a primary and auxiliary winding.

Abstract: A method and device for optimizing power output of a power generation system having a load engaging system, a load optimizing system, a load selection system, a motive driver and one or more loads or power transfer parameters. The power generation system is configured using an electrical generator to consume system power out. The load engaging system decides when and how the load or power transfer parameters are applied to and removed from the system. The load selection system enables multiple power transfer parameters to be optimized by selecting and isolating one power transfer parameter at a time to be optimized. The load optimizing system optimizes system power output by manipulating the selected power transfer parameter, dynamically in response to change in power output.

Abstract: An electrical power generator includes a controller for making a full power capacity of the generator available for consumption by at least one intelligent load coupled to an output of the generator. The controller obtains data from which both a present output power of the generator and a power capacity of the generator can be determined. The controller then provides the intelligent load with data indicative of both the present output power and the power capacity of the generator for use by the load in controlling its power consumption.

Abstract: A frequency converter circuit for a double-fed asynchronous generator with a variable power output, which can be connected to a voltage network contains a rotor rectifier, which can be connected to the rotor of the asynchronous generator, a network frequency converter, which can be connected to the voltage network, and an intermediate circuit. The intermediate circuit contains a semiconductor switch arranged on the rotor rectifier, an intermediate circuit capacitor arranged on the network frequency converter, and a diode arranged between the semiconductor switch and the intermediate circuit capacitor. According to a method for operating such a frequency converter circuit, the semiconductor switch is kept closed during the sub-synchronous operation of the asynchronous generator, and during at least some periods of synchronous or super-synchronous operation of the asynchronous generator the semiconductor switch is opened.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a control apparatus for an automotive alternator which includes a switch, a target voltage setter, a voltage regulator, and a disconnection detector. The switch is configured to be selectively turned on and off so as to intermittently excite the alternator. The target voltage setter works to set a target voltage. The voltage regulator works to regulate an output voltage of the alternator to the target voltage through controlling on/off operation the switch. The disconnection detector works to detect disconnection between the alternator and an on-board battery to be charged by the alternator. The disconnection detector is configured to detect the disconnection, when the target voltage is changed from a lower value to a higher value, based on a time required for the voltage regulator to bring the output voltage of the alternator from the lower value to the higher value.

Abstract: Conventional electric power generation system employ a solid state electronically controlled IM that may be capable of self-start motoring and power generation, but, when the DC bus voltage collapses upon a failure, an additional external source of DC voltage is not available for IM excitation. The present invention provides an internal bus that does not collapse when the main DC bus is shorted. This internal or auxiliary bus may be used to excite the IM to provide generation function. The power generation systems of the present invention may play a significant role in the modern aerospace and military industries.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a mobile electric power generation system including a mobile power source such as a generator. An external power interface is included to connect to an external electrical power source. An AC electric power distribution bus is included to power electric loads of the vehicle and a power switch device is provided to selectively provide AC electric power on the power distribution bus from one of the respective power sources with a default to select one of the sources whenever it is present.

Abstract: A wind turbine is provided, the wind turbine comprising, a synchronous generator having a stator and a rotor, an AC-DC-AC link for coupling said synchronous generator to a grid, wherein the DC link is connected to the rotor of said synchronous generator for supplying an excitation voltage to a rotor winding of said rotor. Furthermore, a method of starting a wind turbine with an electrically excited synchronous generator is provided, the method comprising the steps of (a) opening a grid contactor; (b) closing a bypass contactor to bypass a grid-side DC-AC inverter of said wind turbine; (c) charging a DC link of said wind turbine; (d) supplying an excitation voltage to rotor windings of said synchronous generator, wherein said excitation voltage is supplied from the DC link; and (e) opening said bypass connector and closing said grid connector.

Abstract: In accordance with certain exemplary embodiments, the present technique provides methods and apparatus for providing transient and uninterrupted power to protected loads. As one example, the present invention provides an induction device that operates as an induction motor to energize a kinetic energy storage device, such as a flywheel, during conventional operating conditions. However, in the event of a loss of primary power, the induction device, which is fed ac power at variable frequencies, begins to operate as an induction generator. For example, by varying the frequency of the input ac power such that the synchronous speed of the motor is exceeded by the rotating flywheel, the induction device acts as an induction generator and provides a transient operating power to the downstream loads until an auxiliary power source, such as a diesel generator, is brought on line.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are two techniques, neutral point switching and field voltage boost, that will increase the output of today's 12 volt automotive electrical systems in vehicle idle conditions solely by the addition of circuitry. Neutral point switching enables the flow of a third harmonic current, which does not normally flow at low speeds, but only at high speed. Boosting the field voltages can be obtained by integrating a field voltage boost circuit and voltage regulator to increase the field voltage, and consequently the field current, above the level obtained from the battery. Furthermore, the transient response of the alternator to a change in load is improved by temporarily increasing the field voltage above the level needed to sustain the load. These two techniques are compatible, and thus may be implemented together, or may be implemented independently. No changes to a standard alternator are required to accommodate the proposed additional circuitry.

Abstract: A system for controlling a vehicular generator, includes: a voltage controlling device 1 for adjusting a generator output voltage of a generator 10 connected to an in-vehicle battery 4 to a predetermined voltage, the voltage controlling device 1 including an external voltage sensing terminal S for detecting an external voltage of the generator 10, and the generator output voltage being adjusted through on/off control of a field current of the generator 10 in accordance with the external voltage, in which an external control unit 5 is inserted between the external voltage sensing terminal S and the battery 4 to cause a voltage drop. Consequently, it is possible to dispense with an exclusive input terminal for external signal, thereby enabling simple system configuration cost reduction.

Abstract: A generator system has two modes of operation, such as 120 VAC and 240/120 VAC. The generator system has a permanent magnet generator with two independent sets of windings that each generate a three phase AC voltage. One three phase AC voltage is coupled to a first cycloconverter and the second three phase AC voltage is coupled to a second cycloconverter. Live outputs of each cycloconverter are coupled to each other through a switch, such as a relay, and netural outputs of each cycloconverter are coupled to ground. A controller controls the cycloconverters to provide the modes of operation. In the 120 VAC mode, the switch across the live outputs of the first and second cycloconverters is closed, shorting the live outputs of the first and second cycloconverters together so that the live outputs are in parallel and the controller operates the first and second cycloconverters so their output voltages are in phase with each other.

Abstract: The operation of a generator and the loads placed on the generator are controlled in response to measuring the loads and generator operating parameters and controllably altering the operating conditions in response to comparison of the measurements to respective set points.

Abstract: A control concept for large pulsed power applications that use multiple pulsed alternators to generate high-energy current pulses. Pulsed alternators produce a large reaction torque during discharge, but paired pulsed alternators are characterized by equal and opposite torque which result in a negligible reaction. However, it is necessary to synchronize the pulsed alternators prior to discharge to ensure that the load current will share equally and large transient and unequal torque reactions will not occur. The present control system utilizes closed loop feedback control to synchronize two or more pulsed alternators at the discharge speed and maintain synchronization before discharge and between multiple discharges in a burst pulse mode.

Abstract: A generator system in accordance with the invention has two modes of operation, such as 120 VAC and 240/120 VAC modes of operation. The generator system has a permanent magnet generator with two independent sets of windings that each generate a three phase AC voltage. One three phase AC voltage is coupled to a first or master cycloconverter and the second three phase AC voltage is coupled to a second or slave cycloconverter. Live outputs of each cycloconverter are coupled to each other through a switch, such as a relay and neutral outputs of each cycloconverter are coupled to ground. A controller controls the cycloconverters to provide a first voltage, illustratively 120 VAC, across their respective outputs having the same amplitude.

Abstract: A method and a connector arrangement for connecting and disconnecting an electrical generator, such as a prime mover driven alternator (10), to a circuit with an existing alternating current such as the mains electricity supply (20).

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices are described for controlling a vehicle electrical generator. A regulator for controlling a generator in response to an input signal received from a control module suitably includes a discriminator module, a processing module and a switching circuit. The discriminator determines whether the regulator is operating in voltage or torque control mode. If the input signal is a voltage control, the output generator produces a modulation signal to produce a desired voltage between two battery terminals. If the input signal is a torque control, the output generator produces one or more modulation signals (e.g. pulse width modulation signals) to control the torque of the generator. The modulation signals are applied across a field coil or other controllable element of the generator by a switching circuit that applies positive and/or negative voltage from the battery terminals as appropriate.

Abstract: An electronically controlled mechanical timepiece, which is an electronic device, is equipped with a generator 2 for converting the mechanical energy transmitted from a mainspring through the intermediary of a wheel train into electrical energy, and a rotation control unit for controlling the rotation cycle of the generator 2. The rotation control unit is equipped with a count-up/down counter 60 that compares a reference signal with a rotation detection signal of the generator 2 thereby to adjust a braking time for the generator 2, and a brake control signal generating circuit 81 that corrects the time set at the count-up/down counter 60 on the basis of the rotation cycle of the generator 2. If the rotation cycle of the generator 2 significantly deviates from a reference signal cycle, then the braking time is adjusted on the basis of the rotation cycle.

Abstract: A generator system in accordance with the invention has two modes of operation, such as 120 VAC and 240/120 VAC modes of operation. The generator system has a permanent magnet generator with two independent sets of windings that each generate a three phase AC voltage. One three phase AC voltage is coupled to a first or master cycloconverter and the second three phase AC voltage is coupled to a second or slave cycloconverter. Live outputs of each cycloconverter are coupled to each other through a switch, such as a relay and neutral outputs of each cycloconverter are coupled to ground. A controller controls the cycloconverters to provide a first voltage, illustratively 120 VAC, across their respective outputs having the same amplitude.

Abstract: A fault on the generator can be detected with the use of a simple arrangement. The output of the generator 12 which has multi-phase winding and is driven by an engine 11 is rectified and then converted by an inverter 133 into an alternating current at the frequency of a system before interconnected to the source of the system. After the engine 11 is started, the direct current voltage Vdc is monitored with a first fault monitor 40. When the direct current voltage Vdc rises up to a predetermined level, a connector relay 135 is closed. As the output of the inverter 133 is increased, the interconnection with the system source is enabled. After the interconnection, the direct current voltage and the output of the inverter are monitored with a second fault monitor 43. If the direct current voltage drops down to below the predetermined level before the output of the inverter reaches a rated level, the canceling and re-interconnection is repeated.

Abstract: An electronic device in which a braking torque can be increased while reduction in power generation is suppressed, and in which a rotor is prevented from stopping or rotating at an excessive speed. Such an electronic device includes a generator which is driven by an mechanical energy source and a rotation controller which controls the rotational period of the generator.

Abstract: In a system for supplying power to ROSAR transmitting and receiving antennas that are integrated into the tip of a helicopter rotor blade, wind energy is converted directly into electrical energy locally at the rotor blade tip.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a system controller and method for monitoring and controlling a plurality of generator sets are provided. Each generator set generates electrical power and includes a generator communications link for connecting a generator set to a network. A user interface allows a user to select a generator set and set values for various predetermined operating parameters of the selected generator sets. Thereafter, a communications link connectable to the network transmits the user set values of the predetermined operating parameters to the selected generator set.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an Electronics Control Unit (ECU) power potential stabilizing circuit and an ECU reference potential stabilizing circuit. The ECU power potential stabilizing circuit eliminates noise and stabilizes voltage variation occurring when the electrical parts of automobile are activated by the power supplied through the ECU of the electronic accelerator, by impressing it to the power supply line and variable voltage supply line. The ECU reference potential stabilizing circuit eliminates the unnecessary spark noise and harmonics noise occurring on the power supply line, reference potential line and variable voltage supply line, by impressing it to the variable voltage supply line and reference potential line. It further stabilizes the voltage supplied to the ECU by compensating the voltage fluctuated due to disturbances.

Abstract: A system includes a generator and a circuit. The generator is coupled to provide power to a power grid. The circuit is coupled to the generator and is adapted to use a scheme to detect a shut down of the power grid and prevent the generator from providing power to the power grid in response to the detection of the shut down of the power grid. The circuit is also adapted to receive an indication to modify the scheme and modify the scheme based on the indication.

Abstract: A portable generator assembly comprising an alternator installable in a vehicle, and a power converter. The alternator includes an AC output port electrically connected to the stator windings of the alternator for receiving the AC output signal, and providing access to the AC output signal such that the AC output signal can provide AC power at a location outside of the alternator's housing. The power converter is provided with a transformer, a frequency changer, and an electrical outlet. The transformer receives the AC output signal from the AC output port and increases the voltage of the AC output signal to at least about 120 V. The frequency changer receives the AC output signal having the increased voltage, and converts the frequency of the AC output signal to a frequency between about 45 to about 65 Hz. The electrical outlet receives the AC output signal having the increased voltage and converted frequency.

Abstract: A vehicle power system includes a multiple of electrical generators which provide power for vehicle electrical systems or loads through an electrical load management center which communicates with a general purpose processor set such that the power supplied to each electrical load may be individually controlled. A display communicates with the GPPS to present an electrical system status screen to the vehicle crew such that the crew is constantly made aware of the prevailing electrical power conditions in a rapid and efficient manner. During a drastically reduced generator situation, the GPPS automatically disconnects loads via a predefined load shed priority list. Once electrical loads are disconnected via the predefined load shed priority list the crew can reactivate and deactivate selected systems for the current mission circumstances through a load recovery screen accessible through the display.

Abstract: A generation control device of a hybrid electric vehicle is able to satisfactorily generate power with an excellent responsiveness with respect to a high output requirement from a motor. If a charge level SOC sensed by a charge level sensing device is not greater than a generation start value SOCsta, a generator starts a normal output generation (P(G)=P1). The normal output generation is continued until the charge level SOC reaches a generation end value SOCend larger than the generation start value SOCsta. If a required power consumption Pm of a traction motor sensed by a required power consumption sensing device is not less than Ph, a high output generation (P(G)=P2) with a higher output than the normal output generation is executed instead of the normal output generation.

Abstract: An electrical machine (10) suitable for use as a starter/alternator for an automotive vehicle, has an inverter circuit (12), a rectifier circuit (14), and a stator circuit (16) that couples the inverter circuit (12) to the rectifier circuit (14). In addition, a switch circuit (18) having a first switch, switch A, and a second switch, switch B, is used to couple inverter circuit (12) to rectifier circuit (14). By controlling the operation of switch circuit (18) so that in a start up mode the switches are closed and in a generating mode the switches are open, a high output torque may be obtained from the electrical machine while a wide operating speed range may be also achieved.

Abstract: An integrated system for comprehensive control of an electric power generation system utilizes state machine control having particularly defined control states and permitted control state transitions. In this way, accurate, dependable and safe control of the electric power generation system is provided. Several of these control states may be utilized in conjunction with a utility outage ride-through technique that compensates for a utility outage by predictably controlling the system to bring the system off-line and to bring the system back on-line when the utility returns. Furthermore, a line synchronization technique synchronizes the generated power with the power on the grid when coming back on-line. The line synchronization technique limits the rate of synchronization to permit undesired transient voltages.

Abstract: An electronically controlled mechanical timepiece includes a mechanical energy source; a generator for converting mechanical energy transmitted through a train wheel to electrical energy. A rotation controller coupled to the generator controls rotation of the generator and includes switch capable of short circuiting the generator by intermittently activating and deactivating the switch using chopper control.

Abstract: A fault on the generator can be detected with the use of a simple arrangement. The output of the generator 12 which has multi-phase winding and is driven by an engine 11 is rectified and then converted by an inverter 133 into an alternating current at the frequency of a system before interconnected to the source of the system. After the engine 11 is started, the direct current voltage Vdc is monitored with a first fault monitor 40. When the direct current voltage Vdc rises up to a predetermined level, a connector relay 135 is closed. As the output of the inverter 133 is increased, the interconnection with the system source is enabled. After the interconnection, the direct current voltage and the output of the inverter are monitored with a second fault monitor 43. If the direct current voltage drops down to below the predetermined level before the output of the inverter reaches a rated level, the canceling and re-interconnection is repeated.