Abstract: A bias voltahe generating circuit which is low in power consumption and small in chip size of an IC and does not pickup noises readily. The bias voltage generating circuit comprises a current mirror circuit including a diode-connected first transistor of a first conduction type and second and third transistors of the first conduction type, and bias voltage generating fourth and fifth transistors of a different second conduction type having input electrodes connected to output electrodes of the second and third transistors, respectively. The first to third transistors and the fourth and fifth transistors are formed on a single chip semiconductor substrate as a semiconductor integrated circuit. The bias voltage generating circuit further comprises a resistor provided outside the integrated circuit and connected to an input electrode of the first transistor, and a predetermined bias current is supplied to the first transistor through the resistor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a source of alternating current electrical power to a plurality of loads in an office environment, including a plurality of non-linear loads which draw power for only a portion of the alternating current cycle, includes an input source of three-phase electrical power to a primary side of a power transforming device which provides an output at its secondary side which comprises at least six phases and a shared neutral. The plurality of loads are evenly distributed between each phase of the output power source and the shared neutral so as to reduce by current cancellation the current which would otherwise flow in the shared neutral conductor due to the presence of the non-linear loads. Each of the six phases is separated from the other by 120 electrical degrees, and the fourth, fifth and sixth phases are separated from the first, second and third phases, respectively, by 180 electrical degrees.

Abstract: A compact, liquid cooled, ferrite phase shifter is capable of handling high power microwave signals without thermally stressing the ferrite core. The ferrite core is mounted on spacers inside of a hermetically sealed wave guide filled with a thermally conducting fluid. Heat transfer from the core to the housing is symmetrical thereby eliminating or minimizing thermal bending stresses on the phase shifter. Heat from the core is also coupled through the fluid to the phase shifter window for deicing the window.

Abstract: A ferroresonant three-phase constant AC voltage transformer comprising three transformer iron cores with one for each corresponding input supply phase, primary windings and secondary windings formed on each of the transformer iron cores, series reactance components or reactors connected in series, with the primary windings, automatic voltage regulating means for controlling secondary output voltages generated at the secondary windings to a predetermined target value, compensating windings formed so as to be inductively coupled to each of the series reactance components or reactors, and means for connecting the compensating windings in series with each other to form a closed loop circuit. The secondary output voltages are theoretically kept in balanced condition even when the loads or the primary input voltages or both are unbalanced.

Abstract: Primary and secondary windings of each transformer in a three-phase system each form a pair of independent windings, the first winding of each of the primary and secondary pairs formed on the iron core of one of the transformers and the second winding of each of the primary and secondary pairs formed on the iron core of the transformer adjacent thereto are connected in series to each other. These serially connected windings are regarded as one phase winding respectively, and they are connected to each other in either a delta connection or a Y connection. A variation in the voltage phase caused by a change in the load current of one of the system outputs has an influence not only on the phase of the voltage at that output but also on the phase of the voltages on the outputs adjacent thereto and consequently enables the deviation in the phase difference between the output phase voltages due to loss of balance of the load to be decreased to about one half.

Abstract: In a power distribution system, power line insulators have three electrodes, two of which are connected to the line and to ground, and the third of which forms a capacitively stepped down voltage corresponding to the line voltage, and use sensing coils to measure current. The sensing coils are inversely connected and differentially located to suppress noise.

Abstract: An uninterruptible polyphase AC power supply equalizes an electric power taken out from a polyphase AC power source, even if unbalanced load is connected to output.

Abstract: Phase shifters are used in meshed, multi-phase power supply systems for improving their transmission stability and for load-flow regulating purposes. In order to be able to use a less costly exciter transformer of lower rating or the tertiary or compensation winding of a system coupling transformer for generating intermediate-circuit voltages as a function of system input voltages, a resonant circuit is provided between the exciter transformer and an auxiliary transformer. In this resonant circuit consisting of series-connected capacitors and inductive resistances which are connected to taps between these capacitors and can be switched in and out by means of alternating-current switches, tap voltages are generated which are supplied to the primary windings of the auxiliary transformer. At the secondary windings, connected in series with phase conductors of the auxiliary transformer, auxiliary voltages occur which are superimposed on the system input voltages and effect the desired phase shifts.

Abstract: A rotating flux transformer having at least two magnetic cores, each in the form of a torus, with each magnetic core having poloidal and toroidal windings. The need for breaking the torus and bringing out leads from the poloidal winding is eliminated by passing each torus through the core window of the remaining torus, or tori. Each poloidal winding is shorted, with the toroidal winding, or windings, of the other magnetic core or cores, inducing an excitation voltage into each shorted poloidal winding which is 90.degree. out of phase with the voltage applied to the toroidal winding on the same magnetic core.

Abstract: Subsynchronous oscillations in a polyphase power network can be effectively damped with a switching arrangement having a thyristor-switched regulation and a phase shifting polyphase power system. The arrangement is controllable and is periodic in nature, being responsive to a measurement signal representing a physical parameter of the subsynchronous oscillations. This signal preferably represents the difference between the instantaneous rotational frequency of the generator and a set-point value for that frequency. Control windings are connected in series with the power-network-side polyphase windings of a block transformer. Voltages induced in these control windings are phase shifted with respect to the voltages in the respective associated power-network-side polyphase windings of the block transformer. These voltages in the control windings produce a very effective damping torque on the generator, to damp out the subsynchronous oscillations.

Abstract: A phase-shift transformer circuit providing advance or retard phase shift at any predetermined phase shift angle. The phase shift angle is determined by the ratio of the main and short windings of the transformer primary. Two links are used to provide advance or retard phase shift. One transformer winding is connected directly to a phase conductor of the three-phase power system. The remaining two transformer windings are connected to the remaining two phase conductors via the links. The links are movable such that in the advance configuration, the phase two conductor is connected to one of the transformer windings and the phase three conductor is connected to the other. In the retard phase-shift configuration, the links are moved so that the connections are reversed.

Abstract: In an electrodeless discharge lamp of the type including an ionizable medium within a sealed envelope capable of emitting radiant energy when subjected to a radio frequency field, an oscillator for generating an output signal at a given radio frequency, a Class D RF amplifier including first and second transistors responsive to the oscillator output signal, and an induction coil responsive to the output of the amplifier, the coil being positioned in close physical proximity to the medium in the envelope for coupling to the medium an electric field having a magnitude sufficient to initiate ionization of the medium and a magnetic field for maintaining the ionization, there is disclosed an improved transformer for driving the Class D amplifier which results in a significant decrease in power consumption. The oscillator output signal is connected to the primary winding of a transformer which includes a toroidal, magnetic core.

Abstract: A transformer which is suitable for connecting with a compound network and renders possible shifting the phase angle of the secondary side-output voltage in relation to the primary side-input voltage. The secondary windings are divided into winding stages and there are provided lines and switches, by means of which these winding stages can be selectively connected in series. Since the phase angle of the voltage in each winding stage coincides with the angle of the corresponding winding, it is possible to vectorially add in this manner partial voltages with different phase angles, so that at the output terminal of one winding there appears a composite voltage whose phase angle is aligned in the same direction as said one winding or, in relation to such direction, is shifted through a predetermined angle value in clockwise direction or in counterclockwise direction.