Abstract: A monitoring apparatus for a vehicle such as a tractor comprises a console including controls and a control circuit for calculating wheel slippage of at least one drive wheel of the vehicle and responsive to engine RPM of the vehicle and to the rotational speed of the drive wheel for calculating a predetermined relationship therebetween. The control circuit is also responsive to actuation of the controls for setting the calculated relationship equal to a predetermined reference value when there is substantially no load on the vehicle, and hence minimum slippage of the drive wheel, in each of a plurality of ranges of gear ratios of the vehicle, thereby calibrating the control circuit to calculate wheel slippage for each of these ranges of gear ratios. The console also mounts an observable indicator and the control circuit also calculates other variables such as vehicle speed and engine RPM and actuates the observable indicator when the calculated values deviate from preselected values.

Abstract: The speed proportional frequency signal from the speed generator being checked is amplified and applied to a highpass filter-rectifier with a low frequency limit corresponding to a predetermined minimum train speed. Polarity of the rectified output is opposite to the DC operating energy so that, with four-terminal load resistor and smoothing capacitor, the filter-rectifier operation is vital. The rectified signal activates an oscillator level detector when its level exceeds the breakdown of a Zener diode control device selected to correspond to minimum speed output. The level detector is coupled by a stepdown transformer to a differential amplifier biased by a signal supplied from an associated zero speed detector. The bias signal has sufficient level to enable the differential amplifier to produce an output in response to the level detector input only when the train speed is greater than zero.

Abstract: A speed limiting indicating device for an internal combustion engine having an engine speed sensor providing a first signal indicative of engine speed, means responsive to said first signal for providing a speed limit signal indicative of said engine speed exceeding a predetermined speed limit, said speed limit signal means including a logic gate having its input connected to said first signal for providing said speed limit signal at said predetermined limit speed.

Abstract: A digital indication type speedometer comprising a speed counter for counting speed pulses emitted in proportion to a vehicle speed for a given gate time, an indication register for latching a value to be indicated commensurate to an output from said speed counter and an indicator for indicating the value latched in said indication register is of such an arrangement that a hysteresis processing circuit is provided, which rewrites the value latched in said indication register in accordance with an output of said speed counter only when a difference between the output of said speed counter and the value latched in said indication register is not within tolerance limit upon comparison therebetween, so that response of the indication is excellent during acceleration or deceleration, and no flickering is observed during running at a constant speed.

Abstract: A digital indication type speedometer comprising a speed counter for counting speed pulses emitted in proportion to a vehicle speed for a given gate time, an indication resistor for latching a value to be indicated commensurate to an output from said speed counter and an indicator for indicating the value latched in said indication register is of such an arrangement that a zero indication discriminating circuit for forcibly setting the value latched in said indication register to zero when an emitting interval of the speed pulses exceeds a predetermined period of time, is provided with or without a hysteresis processing circuit for rewriting the value latched in said indication register in accordance with an output of said speed counter only when a difference between the output of said speed counter and the value latched in said indication register is not within tolerance limit upon comparison therebetween, so that the indication is momentarily returned to zero when the vehicle is stopped, the indication is c

Abstract: For determining the speed of an asynchronous motor use is made of the most manifest tone in the frequency spectrum beneath an overtone to the basic tone of the motor current. The frequency difference between the overtone and the tone in the subjacent frequency spectrum is determined, and thereby the slip and speed of the motor can also be established.

Abstract: A velocity decoder system capable of providing information on a wide range of velocities is disclosed. Initially, an estimated velocity of the actual velocity is entered in the system. Then by constantly updating and correcting the estimated velocity in view of the actual velocity, accurate velocity information on a system is obtained almost instantaneously. To broaden the range of velocities decoded without unduly complicating the decoder system or greatly decreasing the sampling rate, circuitry for autoranging that enable utilization of common circuits for different ranges is implemented.

Abstract: A velocity profile analyzing device measures the change or non-linearity in the velocity of a system under test, and digitally displays the measured variation. The principle of operation is to determine any velocity differences that occur in relation to an ideal state, and to present via a digital display the difference value. The system derives from a linear encoder a velocity representative signal, which includes a grating output coupled to a first counter, and an index output for simultaneously starting the first counter and a second counter coupled to receive a reference frequency signal. The counter outputs are fed to a digital subtractor which provides a digital difference frequency signal for digital display and recording. The digital display may be scaled to directly indicate velocity difference, which can be analyzed for various cyclic or other perturbations without accommodating the whole range of deviation.

Abstract: Variations of the speed of a video disc mastering turntable which lie within the lock range of a phase-lock-loop turntable speed control servo are detected by sensing variations of the loop phase detector waveform symmetry. Speed error limits are established by pulse forming circuitry which continuously restarts a timing circuit in one mode of operation and allows the timing circuit to complete a timing cycle in another mode of operation. A further timing circuit is arranged to reject multiple indications of the same speed error whereby a single output indication is provided for all speed errors occurring in a certain time period.

Abstract: The synchronism or tracking between two analog signals is compared by a cuit arrangement having two inputs to which these analog signals are applied. A comparator circuit compares the two signals and provides a trigger or energizing signal to a switch which in turn produces an error signal when the two compared signals deviate from each other to an extent larger than a predetermined limit. One input is connected to the comparator circuit through a heterodyning circuit wherein the respective analog signal is heterodyned by a heterodyning signal which varies in its polarity. The comparator circuit includes a polarity detector which provides a signal signifying a positive or a negative difference between the amplitudes of the two polarity signals. A discriminator circuit is operatively connected to the comparator to provide a switch energizing signal when the difference signal does not have any zero transitions or passages with the frequency of the heterodyning signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring and/or supervising the output power of an induction motor comprising means for generating a first voltage signal proportional to the synchronous speed of the motor, means for generating a second voltage signal proportional to the actual speed of the motor in operation and means responsive to the first and second voltage signals for generating a third voltage signal proportional to the difference between the first and second voltage signals. The third voltage signal is applied to a meter for providing a continuous indication of the output power of the motor.

Abstract: In order to provide a tachometer which is accurate and easy to read, a number of light-emitting diodes is arranged in a row, each diode representing a predetermined increment of speed, rotational speed is measured and used to generate pulses, at a proportional rate, which are then decoded and used to drive the light emitting diodes over a predetermined time span, the diodes being lighted repeatedly in sequence at a rate exceeding the response time of the eye so as to present a flicker-free bar graph type display showing rotational speed.

Abstract: An excessive speed and theft deterrent system wherein a signal is generated having a magnitude which is proportional to the speed of the vehicle. A comparator generates an output signal when the magnitude of the generated signal is greater than a preselected voltage level. In response to the output signal, a pulse train is generated having a predetermined pulse rate wherein the pulse train is counted to thereby indicate a total time in which the vehicle is operated at speeds exceeding a predetermined speed. The system also includes sounding devices for generating a warning signal when a door or the ignition system is operated without authorization.

Abstract: An overspeed protection system is provided which utilizes simplified construction for detecting overspeed conditions of a rotating device. In the preferred embodiment, a single up/down counter is employed in an overall sequence which includes a first time period during which the counter is counted up from a preselected value by a series of pulse representations of speed for the rotating device. After the expiration of the first time period of the sequence, the counter value is compared to an overspeed limit selected during the previous sequence. If that limit is exceeded, an overspeed condition is detected by the system. In a second time period of the overall sequence, the counter is down counted by the pulse representations of speed. After the expiration of the second predetermined time period of the sequence, the counter value is compared to the original preset value to determine the rate of change in device speed.

Abstract: Loading of induction motors is monitored and displayed by meters or alarms by analyzing slip of the armature derived from pulse signals indicating motor shaft speed. A special sensor sensing the motor shaft rotation also provides motor operating temperature signals accompanying shaft rotation speed signals. Corresponding circuitry compensates the load display over motor temperature variations. Also, the motor operating voltage is detected and voltage variations are processed to modify the load display for improved accuracy in the presence of voltage variations and by linearization of the slip characteristic.

Abstract: A revolution speed indicator arrangement is provided which includes a reference frequency oscillator, a tachogenerator for generating a frequency associated with a revolutional speed of the revolving body, difference frequency deriving circuitry interconnected to the reference frequency oscillator and the tachogenerator for deriving a difference frequency between the frequency associated with the revolutional speed and the reference frequency, and an indicator unit responsive to the difference frequency deriving circuitry for visually indicating the difference frequency. The arrangement may be provided with a coincidence determining unit responsive to the difference frequency for detecting coincidence between the frequency associated with the revolutional speed and the reference frequency, and the indicator unit is connected to the coincidence detecting unit to visually indicate the coincidence.

Abstract: A device for regulating the traveling speed of a motor vehicle, compares a signal proportional to the actual speed of the vehicle with a signal proportional to the set or desired speed, and superposes on one or both of the signals a periodic signal having at least one periodically recurring section of non-linear characteristic, to obtain a control signal whose amplitude is modulated as a function of the magnitude of deviation between the actual speed signal and the set speed signal, and the control signal is transmitted to a control stage influencing the fuel-air mixture supplied to the engine of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for determining the spinning or slipping of the wheels in propulsion vehicles without dead axles, particularly railroad vehicles in which: the highest and the lowest wheel velocity of the measured wheel velocities of all axles is determined; the highest wheel velocity is selected in the presence of a braking command, and otherwise, the lowest wheel velocity is selected; a simulated car velocity is determined from the selected wheel velocity taking accelerating or decelerating influence variables into consideration; and the simulated car velocity is compared with the measured wheel velocities and the differences that result are converted into signals for influencing the drive or the braking device of the respective axle.

Abstract: A calculator for computing the estimated time of arrival of a vehicle or the like at a desired destination. The calculator, under control of a microprocessor and related interfacing devices, computes and periodically updates the estimated time of arrival at the destination from information reflecting present chronological time, the total estimated distance and the desired average speed to be travelled to the destination, and the actual distance travelled by the vehicle. The information resulting from the microprocessor's computations is visually displayed together with the present chronological time. The calculator may also be provided with warning sensors to provide an indication when a predetermined maximum speed has been exceeded. In an alternate mode, the calculator may be caused to function as a standard four function calculator, without affecting data previously stored in the estimated time of arrival mode.

Abstract: A brake control system for vehicles in which the difference in speed of rotation of a corresponding pair of wheels is detected in a prebraking mode of operation. If the difference in rotational speed exceeds a predetermined amount, the brakes on the pair of wheels are disabled. In one embodiment of the invention, the prebraking rotational speed ratio of the pair of wheels is determined by a comparator and electronic voltage control circuit, and the electrical output thereof fed to a valve control circuit for controlling the brake valves to maintain the braking rotational speed ratio of the wheels substantially equal to the prebraking rotational speed ratio.

Abstract: There is disclosed an engine which drives a turbine via a series of relatively identical hot gas pulses. The series of pulses are generated by a combustor-compressor unit under a controllable firing rate. The firing rate of the unit is rapidly variable over a wide range to enable one to drive the turbine and a shaft coupled to the turbine for propelling a vehicle. The combuster compressor is controlled to develop the gas pulses by a servo system which monitors the shaft rotation for varying mechanical loads to operate the turbine at a constant speed. A torque converter is employed to transform the shaft power into mechanical power necessary to propel a vehicle at conventional and required speed variations.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the rotational velocity of a shaft. The system includes a shaft pulse generator, an off-delay circuit and on-delay circuit. The sensor provides a series of pulses having an instantaneous repetition rate proportional to the rotational velocity of a shaft. The off-delay circuit includes a retriggerable multivibrator. In response to each pulse in the series of pulses, the multivibrator switches to a first binary state if in a second binary state at the time of an applied pulse, or remains in the first binary state if in that state at the time of the applied pulse. The multivibrator is further responsive to the most recent pulse in the series to switch from its first binary state to its second binary state a first predetermined period after the most recent pulse. The multivibrator provides a state signal representative of its current state.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system for sensing the speeds of one or more movable members and selectively displaying one of the speeds. The system includes a speed sensor associated with each moving member and providing an output that is a function of the speed. A mode selector circuit directs one of the outputs to a multiplier circuit that converts the output to a form which is displayed or indicated in the desired system of units. The mode selector circuit sets up the system for one mode of operation upon initial energization but may be changed to a different mode by a sealed contactless switch. The multiplier circuit is programmable using an externally adjustable code device. The display automatically adjusts for different requirements in each of the modes and for different external operating conditions.

Abstract: A digital traction control system is disclosed for a motor vehicle having a plurality of driven wheels connected by a differential mechanism, characterized by the provision of a plurality of counters for counting pulses produced in accordance with the rotational velocities of the driven wheels, respectively, the counters being resettable when the count totals therein are within a given ratio. In the event that a driven wheel experiences a spin condition causing it to rotate at a higher rotational velocity than the other wheels, whereby the pulse count total of its associated counter exceeds the count total of the other counters outside the given ratio, a solenoid-operated brake is automatically activated to brake the faster wheel, thereby to transfer driving torque to the other driven wheel or wheels.

Abstract: Induction motor load conditions are monitored by sensing the slip speed of the motor which is linear over a large operating range including the 100% load condition. Electronic trigger pulses are derived from motor shaft rotation to operate a one-shot waveform generator having a selected signal pulse time duration set at the 100% motor load condition to produce a 3.5 millisecond difference from the time between two trigger pulses. Thus, as the slip speed varies the signal pulse duration varies and thus becomes a monitor of the load condition. Both analog and digital embodiments are described, and utilization devices may be an analog meter display or an alarm circuit triggered by means of an intervening threshold comparison circuit. The monitoring circuits are used to sense variations of speed and indicate on a meter a scale factor of load or horsepower, etc. as related to various drive means without interconnections other than shaft speed detectors.

Abstract: A digital phase-locked loop for speed measurement, in particular for use in antiskid control systems, for the conversion of the frequency of an input pulse sequence, proportional to a speed, into a digital numerical value to be used in the digital arithmetic unit for an antiskid control system is provided wherein there is a certain numerical value which will always be the same which is allocated to any input pulse sequence and which can be applied to a first storage register and added to the contents therein. At regular intervals, determined by a clock generator, a positive digital output numerical value is generated by a detector if the content of the first storage register is above a predetermined upper limit and a negative digital output numerical value will be generated if the contents of the first storage register are below a predetermined lower limit.

Abstract: A switched noise filter circuit for a skid control system which is adapted to filter out noise signals picked up by the wheel sensors as a result of brake squeal which often occurs at low vehicle speeds. Unfiltered, the sudden termination of a noise signal of this type could be interpreted as a rapid wheel deceleration by the skid control system causing a dumping of the brake pressure, resulting in an inadvertent release of the brakes.

Abstract: A speed sensor circuit for providing a speed signal representative of the speed of a vehicle comprises a resonant tank circuit whose resonant frequency is modulated in accordance with the speed of the vehicle and a phase locked loop detector circuit which locks onto the frequency of the resonant tank circuit and provides a demodulated output signal representative of the vehicle speed.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed for monitoring the velocity of a rotating member and determining when its speed is below a predetermined value. The circuit arrangement is designed to compare the rotational speed of the member with an asynchronous AC line frequency. Signals produced by the circuitry are utilized for control purposes.

Abstract: A tachometer for measuring and comparing the angular velocity of a first and a second wheel of a vehicle includes means for sensing and generating a train of pulses for each of the wheels wherein the repetition rates of the pulse train varies in proportion to the angular velocity of the wheel. For each of the wheels a frequency doubler is provided for doubling the repetition rate of the pulse train of the varying repetition rates having pulses of the same pulse width and amplitude. For each wheel the frequency doubled pulse train is then integrated to provide a DC output. The two DC outputs for the two wheels are then compared, selected and applied to corresponding output terminals of the tachometer.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the operation of a plurality of rotating-shaft machines, including a switchable meter to indicate the shaft speed of any one of these machines. Each machine has a monitoring circuit including respective visual warning branch circuits to indicate if the machine shaft falls below a first preset speed and then to indicate if the machine shaft falls below a second preset speed, with provision for sounding an audible alarm. The system has a single power supply, switchable meter, audible alarm control circuit and warning reset circuit, and identical monitor modules for the respective machines to be monitored. Each module has an external sensor, consisting of a pickup coil and a magnet assembly attached to the rotating shaft of the monitored machine; a high-gain integrated circuit amplifier to amplify the pulses from the sensor; circuitry to convert the pulses to a D.C.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for detecting the state of a rotating machining tool, such as a drill bit, in a machining head. The system employs an electromagnetic detector having a coil connected in series with an oscillating circuit. As the tool rotates, its lands and flutes cause detectable variations in reluctance which are used to modulate the output of the oscillator circuit. The modulated oscillator output is monitored as an indication of the state of the tool.

Abstract: A paper roll diameter sensing device for use with a paper splicing apparatus is disclosed which gives the output signal when the diameter of an unrolled paper roll is reduced to a predetermined diameter so that the running paper web may be spliced to the leading end of a new paper roll.

Abstract: The maximum braking or powering effect due to changing road conditions, preferably for the case of full braking of a rubber-tired vehicle is determined in the system of the present invention during normal driving conditions. In this system measurement apparatus known per se are used wherein1. acceleration or deceleration and/or powering or braking torques, and simultaneously2. the positive or negative slippages occuring from at least one powered or braked running memberAre measured and compared with one another as a function of time over a predetermined period, and the characteristics obtained possibly following intermediate storage from this comparison are fed to a display system and/or, following comparison with other data relating to extant traffic conditions, are fed to a control or regulation system so as to act on the braking or powering system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is described for automatically measuring the rate of decay of oscillation in mechanical structures, acoustical enclosures, and electrical circuits which have been suitably excited. The apparatus includes a source of excitation energy being applied by a transducer to one point to produce oscillation in the form of vibrations, sound, or electrical pulsations. To initiate measurement, the excitation is terminated, a dual trace oscilloscope is triggered, a data processing circuit is operationalized, and a reference decay rate signal is generated. A pickup transducer at a second point converts the decaying oscillation into an input signal which the data processing circuit absolute-values and log-converts to provide a decaying data signal for display as a slope on the oscilloscope. The reference decay rate signal is generated from an adjustable reference signal by integration and is displayed as a slope on the oscilloscope.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed wherein a signal proportional to the speed of a moving web is compared with a signal proportional to the speed of a motor driven rotary, printing member, and a resultant corrective signal is transmitted to the control for the motor, so that the linear speed of the rotary printing member is made equal to the web speed. A plurality of printing members are provided so that the linear speed of each of the printing members is made equal to the web speed and in synchronization one with the other. The method and apparatus as aforesaid are specifically adaptable for rotary screen printing of fabrics, wherein the fabric contactingly engages a plurality of rotating screens in series, and a color is passed through each screen in selected predetermined areas, so that the composite screen printings provides a repetitive design on the fabric.

Abstract: Apparatus for indicating when a change has taken place in a desired operating condition of a device using retriggerable multivibrators which are adjusted to represent particular periods with respect to the desired operating rate of the device. In the case of a motor, the multivibrators indicate when the motor is operating at, below or above a desired operating speed.