Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging method and apparatus are provided for mapping the internal or bulk motion of an object by labeling the phase of a specimen magnetization with a selected spatial function and measuring changes in the phase of the magnetization. The spatial function is selectable to provide magnetization phase modulation corresponding to displacements in a selected direction, such as a radial or azimuthal direction. Methods and apparatus for producing images based on magnetization phase modulation acquire image data based on stimulated echos and stimulated anti-echos. In an embodiment, a series of 180 degree pulses produces alternating stimulated and stimulated anti-echos that are measured and assigned to respective images.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting atherosclerotic plaque hemorrhage includes a controller programmed to apply a non-selective inversion recovery RF pulse to a region of interest, apply a plurality of encoding sequences to the region of interest to cause generation of a plurality of echoes during application of each encoding sequence. The controller is further programmed to acquire three dimensional MR data from the region of interest during generation of each of the plurality of echoes, identify a hemorrhage based on the three dimensional MR data, characterize a type of the hemorrhage, and reconstruct an image based on the three dimensional MR data, the image comprising the characterized hemorrhage.

Abstract: A system and method of MR imaging is disclosed that includes reconstruction of MR images with uniform or homogeneous fat suppression. An imaging process is performed using partial asymmetric acquisitions in conjunction with zero-filling of k-space for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. Data acquisition is carried out in a relatively short period of time which reduces scan time, reduces the likelihood of subject discomfort and motion-induced artifacts, and increases patient throughput.

Abstract: A method for determining a wax appearance temperature of a fluid includes obtaining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of the fluid at a plurality of temperatures; deriving a NMR parameter from each of the NMR measurements; and determining the wax appearance temperature by analyzing the NMR parameter as a function of temperature. An apparatus for detecting wax appearance in a fluid includes a sample cell for holding a fluid for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements at a plurality of temperatures; a temperature measuring device disposed proximate the sample cell; a magnet for polarizing molecules in the fluid in the sample cell; at least one radiofrequency (RF) coil for generating pulses of magnetic field and for detecting NMR signals; and circuitry for controlling and measuring the temperature of the fluid in the sample cell and for obtaining NMR measurements.

Abstract: An imaging coil (12) includes multiple end rings (52). A center ring (53) extends parallel to and is coupled between the end rings (52). Multiple legs (86) are coupled between the end rings (52) and the center ring (53). The end rings (52) may have a first radius (R1) that is greater than a second radius (R2) of the center ring (53). The imaging coil (12) may include more than 16 legs. The imaging coil (12) may include multiple capacitor groupings (98) coupled along the end rings (52), each capacitor grouping (98) has multiple capacitors (102) with a coverage area width (W) greater than 5.0 cm. The center ring (53) may be coupled to a ground reference (110) and has low impedance such that the center ring (53) is effectively shorted to the ground reference (110).

Abstract: When performing imaging in synchronization with a biological movement of an examinee by using a pulse sequence applying a pre-saturation pulse, it is possible to reduce irregularities of echo signal intensity and artifact on the image generated by the irregularities. Especially, it is possible to prevent artifact attributed to blood in the ventricle when performing delay contrast imaging. For this, before measuring the echo signal, an IR pulse or the like for adjusting magnetization to a desired state is applied so as to suppress irregularities of the echo signal intensity and prevent artifact.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an apparatus and method for conducting magnetic resonance measurements on fluids at high pressures and/or high temperatures. The apparatus can be used in conjunction with or as part of a downhole fluid sampling tool to perform NMR measurements on fluids withdrawn from petroleum reservoirs, or can also be used for laboratory measurements on live reservoir fluids. The apparatus can perform all of the measurements made by modern NMR logging tools, including multi-dimensional distribution functions of spin-spin (T2) and spin-lattice relaxation (T1) times and molecular diffusion coefficients. The spin densities of hydrogen and other NMR sensitive species can be computed from the distribution functions. The apparatus can also be used to predict the apparent conductivity of the fluids in the flowline from measurements of the quality factor (“Q”) of the NMR circuit. The apparent conductivity can be used to predict water cut or water salinity.

Abstract: A method for measuring nuclear magnetic properties (NMR) properties of a formation, the method including applying a magnetic field to nuclei of the formation during a polarizing interval, the magnetic field having a polarizing intensity; changing the magnetic field to a measurement intensity, the measurement intensity applied to the nuclei of the formation during a measurement interval; applying to the formation at least one radio frequency (RF) pulse train during the measurement interval; and measuring an NMR signal from the formation.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes an RF coil unit which generates RF pulses toward a subject, and which receives an MR signal from the subject. Gradient magnetic field coils generate a gradient magnetic field for slice selection, a gradient magnetic field for phase encoding and a gradient magnetic field for frequency encoding, respectively. An arithmetic unit generates image data on the basis of the MR signal, and a sequence controller controls phase encoding gradient magnetic field coils in order to generate flow pulses for dephasing or rephasing the MR spin of blood flow within the subject, in the same direction as that of the phase encoding gradient magnetic field.

Abstract: A method for measuring the conducting fluid saturation and the resistivity of a porous medium have application to development of underground geological formations. A solid sample is extracted from the medium and placed in a centrifugation cell, beside a second sample for limiting the capillary end effect in the first sample. The two samples are partly desaturated by subjecting them to centrifugation. The resistivity of the sample is measured by placing it in a radial-electrode resistivity measurement cell. The saturation of the sample is then determined by measuring its nuclear magnetization by means of an NMR device. Repeating this procedure for different centrifugation velocities provides resistivity and saturation pairs allowing a relationship between saturation and resistivity to be estimated.

Abstract: A control means controls an imaging means for taking an image of a test object by a magnetic resonance, the test object being placed in an imaging space, and a transfer means that moves the test object, and on the basis of a difference (moving distance) between a position of the transfer means at the time of receiving a command of pausing the imaging and a position of the transfer means at the time of resuming the imaging, the control means controls the position of the transfer means or the position for imaging at the time of resuming, in such a manner that missing of data 503 caused by the difference can be compensated. With this configuration, it is possible to provide an MRI apparatus that is provided with an imaging pause function, and even when the pause function is activated, there is data consistency between the data before the pausing and the data after the resuming, thereby obtaining a high quality image.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes a fluid image data acquisition unit and a flow velocity measuring unit. The a fluid image data acquisition unit acquires fluid image data, corresponding to mutually different inversion times, by imaging with applying at least three inversion recovery pulses having the inversion times. The flow velocity measuring unit obtains a flow velocity of fluid based on time variation of a signal intensity depending on the inversion times at each of plural positions and a distance between the plural positions.

Abstract: An MRI apparatus is provided to quantify perfusion (microcirculatory blood flow in the tissue) in a region to be imaged in a subject based an ASL (arterial spin labeling) technique. The apparatus comprises imaging, storing, and flow quantifying units. The imaging unit performs a scan according to the ASL technique on the region so that image data is acquired from the region. The storing unit stores relationship information between a concentration of tracer (water) and a flow of the perfusion. The relationship is obtained on a two-compartment model that uses two compartments placed inside and outside of a flow of blood that diffuses into the tissue of the region and that considers temporal changes in the diffusion of the microcirculatory blood flow into the tissue. The flow quantifying unit quantifies the flow of the perfusion by applying an amount derived from the image data to the relationship information.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes a blood flow velocity acquiring unit that acquires a flow velocity of the blood flow of an object, a capturing condition setting unit that, on the basis of the flow velocity of the blood flow acquired by the blood flow velocity acquiring unit, sets at least one of a transmitting phase of a transmitted exciting pulse, a transmitting phase of a refocusing pulse, a shift amount of the relative phase difference between the transmitted exciting phase and the refocusing pulse, and an intensity of a gradient pulse in a readout direction as a capturing condition, and a blood flow image capturing unit that creates a blood flow image of the object by performing an imaging scan on the basis of the capturing condition set by the capturing condition setting unit.

Abstract: A method for imaging a patient. An apparatus for imaging a patient including a magnetic resonance imager having a controller and a memory in communication with the controller. The controller causes the imager to take a two-dimensional image of the patient which is stored in the memory. The controller identifying locations of interest of the k-space representation of the two-dimensional image, and acquiring a three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography image based on the locations of interest of the two-dimensional k-space data set.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of measuring a parameter characteristic of a rock formation in an oil well is provided with a device for generating a sensing field within a volume of the rock formation and a device for causing a flow through the volume in the presence of the sensing field, further including sensors responsive to changes in the volume, wherein a sensor response is indicative of the amounts of fluid, particularly hydrocarbon and water saturations and irreducible hydrocarbon and water saturations. Measurements can be made before the flow affects the measuring volume and after onset of the flow through the measuring volume.

Abstract: A method of and miniaturized apparatus adapted for in-situ measurement of degradation of automotive fluids and the like by micro-electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, wherein the use of a modulated constant magnetic field in an RF resonating variable frequency microwave cavity resonator through which a fluid sample is passed, enables direct detection of molecular changes in such fluid sample resulting from fluid degradation during use.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) is acquired using a contrast enhancement method in which a series of NMR images are rapidly acquired during a time resolved phase of the examination in which the contrast bolus makes a first pass through the arteries and veins. Arterial and venous voxels are automatically identified in the images using either of two disclosed methods. The signals from identified arterial voxels are used to produce an arterial contrast enhancement reference curve that is used to segment arterial voxels by a correlation process. Venous voxels are segmented in the same manner using a calculated venous contrast enhancement reference curve.

Abstract: A method of removing noise while preserving signal in nuclear magnetic resonance images combines steps of performing a magnitude threshold filter and performing a phase threshold filter on the image data. Preferably, a magnitude and phase connectivity algorithm is applied to pixels that fail to meet either the magnitude or phase thresholds.

Abstract: One or two sets of time course NMR data are acquired using an EPI pulse sequence in which either or both gradient recalled echo NMR signals and spin-echo NMR signals are acquired after bolus injection of a contrast agent. T2* relaxation rates for GE and T2 relaxation rates for SE are calculated from the acquired NMR signals and are corrected for extravasation of contrast agent into surrounding tissues. The gradient-echo signals and spin-echo NMR signals are employed along with the T2* and T2 relaxation rates to calculate hemodynamic parameter maps which are used as a measure of tumor angiogenesis.

Abstract: Single-shot methods suitable for determining capillary pressure and relative permeability curves in petroleum reservoir core plugs are proposed. Three classes of measurement are outlined. (i) Measurements undertaken with steady state gas flow and stationary water or oil phases in the rock. SPRITE (Single-Point Ramped Imaging with T1 Enhancement) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) spin density images map spatially varying fluid content. (ii) Similar measurements are proposed with a stationary gas phase and flowing water or oil phases. (iii) Measurements are also possible with either water or oil as the stationary phase, with the other phase undergoing steady state flow. In all cases the outflow boundary condition is maintained, capillary pressure zero, by washing the outlet face of the sample with the stationary fluid phase.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method for imaging fluid flow and/or perfusion using spin labeling is provided. The method comprises applying a first magnetic gradient sequence at least to a labeling region, applying a first pulsed radio frequency (RF) sequence to the labeling region to label the fluid, the first pulsed RF sequence comprising a first plurality of pulses wherein an amplitude envelope is non-zero, the first plurality of pulses each separated by a respective first plurality of intervals wherein the amplitude envelope is substantially zero, and acquiring at least one first signal emitted from an imaging region a predetermined delay after applying the first pulsed RF sequence.

Abstract: An MRI apparatus obtains an ASL (Arterial Spin Labeling) image of a region to be imaged in a subject by performing a scan to the region to be imaged independently in a control mode and in a tag mode according to a pulse sequence based on an ASL technique. The pulse sequence includes a velocity-selective pulse, BVS (Band-limited Velocity-Selective)-pulse, that selectively excites magnetization spins in a blood flow passing through the region to be imaged and having a constant velocity range for the spins to undergo transition to transverse magnetization, and then performs excitation to cause the transverse magnetization to flip back to longitudinal magnetization. The velocity-selective pulse is formed in such a manner that the transverse magnetization excited in each of the control mode and the tag mode gives rise to a phase shift in an opposite polarity upon velocity-selective excitation.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus which executes an imaging sequence for obtaining, as imaging data, magnetic resonance signals each generated from a spin excited at a subject within a static magnetic field space and produces an image about the subject, based on the imaging data obtained by the execution of the imaging sequence, includes a scan section which executes the imaging sequence and executes, before the execution of the imaging sequence, a preparation sequence for transmitting preparation pulses to the subject in such a manner that signal intensities of the magnetic resonance signals differ according to the velocities of spins moved in the subject, wherein the scan section sequentially transmits, as the preparation pulses, a first RF pulse, a second RF pulse, a third RF pulse and a fourth RF pulse respectively to the subject, wherein the scan section transmits a first crusher gradient pulse constituted of a pair of gradient pulses to the subject in such a manner that a point of time at which an

Abstract: The device of the present invention comprises a ring (1) of a ferrite material and two coils (4, 5) wound around it. A alternating current is fed to one of the coils (4). This current gives rise to an alternating magnetic field within and along the ring, which in turn generates an alternating electric field. A specimen (3) is placed in the alternating electric field. The dielectric properties of the specimen (3) affect the electric field, which in turn induces a magnetic field and generates currents in the coils (4, 5). As the dielectric properties of the specimen (3) depend on its glucose level, the glucose level can therefore be measured by determining a parameter depending on the inductances of the coils.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods that can be used to determine various qualitative parameters of an earth formation from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. One embodiment provides a method of NMR-based remote sensing in which a nuclear spins in fluid of interest are encoded while inside an earth formation and then withdrawn into a tool module and analyzed by a sensor located in the tool module. Separate encoding and detection systems may be used, allowing each system to be independently optimized. In particular, because detection of the encoded spins may occur while the spins are inside the detector system, rather than within the earth formation (where they are encoded), the detector system may be constructed to employ a highly uniform magnetic field. This may facilitate various NMR measurements.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring fluid flow in a wellbore in an earth formation using time-of-flight (TOF) sensing and remote detection nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, by applying a magnetic field to the formation to polarize spins present in a portion of the formation, providing an encoding shell in the formation, selecting an encoding volume from the encoding shell, applying an encoding signal to excite the spins in the encoding volume, introducing a time delay to the encoding signal, providing a detection shell in the formation, applying a detection signal to the detection shell, detecting an NMR signal generated by the migration of spins from the encoding shell to the detection shell, and collecting TOF data corresponding to time elapsed from when a spin is encoded to when the spin reaches the detection shell.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance apparatus has a gradient coil unit with passive shim devices inserted into side receptacles in the molded body of the gradient coil unit. Each shim device has a carrier with a number of metal elements, the metal elements being mounted on the carrier in linear succession and being situated essentially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the carrier.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus and method for generating an axisymmetric magnetic field having long, straight contour lines in the resonance region. A magnetically permeable member is used to shape the static magnetic field generated by an array of permanent magnets. The magnetically permeable member minimizes variations of the static magnetic field in the formation due to vertical motion of the apparatus while obtaining a nuclear magnetic resonance measurement. Further, the magnetically permeable member may minimize variations of the static magnetic field in the formation due to lateral motion of the apparatus while obtaining a nuclear magnetic resonance measurement.

Abstract: System and methods for using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1 measurements for wireline, LWD and MWD applications and down-hole NMR fluid analyzers. The T1 measurements are characterized by insensitivity to motion, as the detrimental effects arising from tool motion or fluid flow are effectively reduced or eliminated. T1 measurements alone or in combination with other standard oil field measurements are shown to provide efficient data acquisition resulting in compact and robust data sets, the potential for substantially increased logging speeds, and simple methods for fluid typing, including direct and robust identification of gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining the flow characteristics of a multiphase fluid along a flow path. The method involves applying a primary magnetic field to the flow of fluid in order to align the nuclei of the flow with the direction of this magnetic field, imparting a radio frequency on the flow in order to excite its nuclei and receiving a radio frequency emitted by the excited nuclei in order to obtain a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signal alternating between a phase ratio mode and a phase flow mode. The phase ratio mode involves processing the received radio frequency in order to determine the ratio of one phase with respect to another phase in the flow. The phase flow mode involves applying a secondary magnetic field in the region of the fluid flow which varies in magnitude along the length of the fluid flow path in order to provide a variation in the magnetic field experienced by the nuclei of the fluid flow dependent upon their position along the fluid flow path.

Abstract: The present invention provides an MR scanning method and an MRI apparatus for decreasing the artifacts while improving the signal from within the blood vessels in the parallel imaging. In the sequence for calibration data acquisition the, RF pulse of the flip angle and the slice gradient are applied, then the phase encoding pulse is applied. Thereafter the MR signal will be received while applying the read pulse with the flow compensation pulse (marked as hatch area). Using a sequence with the flow compensation added in the calibration scanning allows decreasing the artifacts caused by the blood stream. This also increased the signal from within the blood vessels, allowing improving the S/N ratio of the calibration data.

Abstract: A system and method may allow displaying a plurality of image streams, where the image streams may be divided, for example into a number of selected subset couplet images which follow predetermined criteria. According to some embodiments, each couplet may be displayed simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. A workstation may accept the images acquired by, for example a capsule and may display the images on a monitor as a moving image.

Abstract: A fluid monitoring arrangement 1 for an engine is operated in accordance with a method whereby nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) interrogation of the fluid flow 3 it is possible to determine whether appropriate fluids and additives are being utilised as well as whether potential detrimental actions occur such as engine wear and carbonisation through particulate components within the flow 3. Generally, an expected signal response from the fluid flow 3 is determined and the actual signal response compared in a comparator 8 with that expected signal response. Divergence in the actual signal response and in particular with regard to its profile is identified and an indication provided in a display 10 with regard to the potential coolant of such divergence. Normally, a reference library 11 is provided of expected signal responses for comparison in the comparator with the actual signal responses.

Abstract: Motion is induced in a conduit that contains a fluid. The motion is induced such that the conduit oscillates in a first mode of vibration and a second mode of vibration. The first mode of vibration has a corresponding first frequency of vibration and the second mode of vibration has a corresponding second frequency of vibration. At least one of the first frequency of vibration or the second frequency of vibration is determined. A phase difference between the motion of the conduit at a first point of the conduit and the motion of the conduit at a second point of the conduit is determined. A quantity based on the phase difference and the determined frequency is determined. The quality includes a ratio between the first frequency during a zero-flow condition and the second frequency during the zero-flow condition. A property of the fluid is determined based on the quantity.

Abstract: The acquisition of multiple images at slightly different time shifts from the spin echo (or from TE=0 for gradient echo sequences), allows the separation of on-resonance spins from off-resonance spins by encoding this information in the received signal. The excitation pulse can be a standard broadband excitation that will excite all spins. The separation of on- and off-resonance spins is then performed on the received signal. The polar and equatorial lobes of a magnetic particle such as SPIO produce signals from excited water molecules near the particle which are frequency offset above and below the frequency of signals from water molecules unaffected by the particle.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus which applies RF pulses to a subject placed on a top board which is moving in an imaging field in which a static magnetic field and gradient magnetic fields are formed, acquiring magnetic resonance signals emitted from the subject as a result of application of the RF pulses, producing image data based on the acquired magnetic resonance signals, and stopping the generation of a drive signal to move the top board during a magnetic resonance signal acquisition interval.

Abstract: In a magnetic resonance imaging method and apparatus, a double echo sequence having a gradient echo and a spin echo is implemented with a flow compensation for the gradient echo in at least one direction. The flow compensation gives the double echo sequence an insensitivity to flow phenomena.

Abstract: An fMRI study is conducted using a 2D EPI pulse sequence. A separate blood flow navigator pulse sequence is interleaved with the fMRI data acquisition to monitor blood flow in arteries that feed the brain tissue. Information in the blood flow navigator data is used to reduce errors in the fMRI data due to tissue motion caused by pulsatile blood flow. In one embodiment the blood flow navigator information is used to gate the fMRI acquisition and in another embodiment the information is used to retrospectively correct acquired fMRI data.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for evaluating symptomatic VBD which uses quantitative hemodynamic assessment in order to identify patients at high risk for stroke and provide appropriate guidance for intervention. Patients with symptomatic VBD may be considered for intervention to provide blood flow augmentation if evidence of sufficient flow compromise is present as defined by specific flow criteria, and treated medically otherwise.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance apparatus for acquisition of image data for a magnetic resonance image, the image data are acquired with an acquisition sequence, in which a k-space matrix corresponding to the image data is scanned in segments with at least two partial acquisitions and in which each of the partial acquisition includes a navigator signal in addition to the measurement signal with which a specific k-space segment is scanned, with which navigator signal a same navigator segment of the k-space matrix is scanned. In one of the partial acquisitions a measure is determined that characterizes the breadth of the distribution of signal values of the navigator signal with regard to the k-space matrix and the partial acquisition is repeated if and when the measure lies outside of a tolerance range.

Abstract: A method of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging comprising acquiring undersampled magnetic resonance signals for successive temporal time slots. In a space spanned by geometrical space and temporal frequency and on the basic of a priori information the aliased difference magnetic resonance data which are gained by subtracting for respective k-space sampling positions data of a baseline magnetic resonance image from the undersampled magnetic resonance signals are decomposed into difference data which essentially pertain to individual spatial positions at individual time slots.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling processes related to the amount of fluid in a container subjected to externally-excited motions. Fluid level sensor measurements in processing tanks on-board boats are confused by ocean waves and swells. A hydrodynamic model of a fluid in a tank can be constructed using non-linear dynamic model algorithms with inputs such as multi-axis accelerations, fluid viscosity, and apparent level measurements. The model can be used to filter-out boat motion disturbances to obtain a corrected level of the fluid in the tank. The corrected fluid level signal can be further processed using a dynamic model of the tank and associated input and output flow rates in a closed loop observer. The methods and systems are especially advantageous for offshore equipment such as cementing and fracturing ships.

Abstract: A method and apparatus useful to determine characteristics of fluid flow, such as fluid holdup and flow velocity. The apparatus comprises a flow tube, a permanent magnet, a first set of coils, and a second set of coils. The first set of coils creates a radio frequency magnetic field within the flow tube with a series of refocusing pulses. The second set of coils encodes velocity information onto the fluid molecules using rotating frame zeugmatography that is later decoded and used to estimate the fluid flow velocity.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method is provided based on the Magnetic Resonance techniques to analyze and measure a uni- and/or a bi-directional flow regime of multiphase fluids in a transport and production conduct, in real time and flow-rates, based on a magnetic resonance analytical module, two magnetic prepolarization modules of variable effective length and a control computer of data acquisition and transfer, all associated to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods that can be used to determine various qualitative parameters of an earth formation from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. One embodiment provides a method of NMR-based remote sensing in which a nuclear spins in fluid of interest are encoded while inside an earth formation and then withdrawn into a tool module and analyzed by a sensor located in the tool module. Separate encoding and detection systems may be used, allowing each system to be independently optimized. In particular, because detection of the encoded spins may occur while the spins are inside the detector system, rather than within the earth formation (where they are encoded), the detector system may be constructed to employ a highly uniform magnetic field. This may facilitate various NMR measurements.

Abstract: A method for measuring fluid flow rates comprises the steps of: (a) creating a non-oscillating magnetic field of a predetermined strength across a flowing fluid; (b) performing the sub-steps of: (i) exposing the flowing fluid to an oscillating magnetic field pulse orthogonal to the non-oscillating magnetic field to generate an NMR signal, and (ii) detecting the NMR signal from the flowing fluid in the form of a free induction decay; and (c) determining the fluid flow rate from the initial magnitude of the free induction decay.

Abstract: Measurements of functional, hemographic, and blood flow parameters use a multiple echo or spin echo gradient pulse sequence whereby an early echo is acquired near the beginning of the pulse sequence which avoids saturation effects and a later echo near the end of the pulse sequence which can provide information with more sensitivity to a contrast agent for a susceptibility weighted image.

Abstract: A system for detecting defects in a fluid delivery line is provided, the system comprising a plurality of sensors disposed in a fluid delivery line, wherein each one of the plurality of sensors comprises a mote coupled to a plurality of sensing devices disposed in a film system, wherein a first mote being configured to receive data from at least one second mote, wherein the first mote being further configured to transmit data collected from the plurality of sensing devices coupled the first mote and received data from the at least second mote, a communications hub configured to receive sensor data from at least one mote, and a processor coupled to the antenna, the processor being configured to analyze sensor data received from the at least one mote.

Abstract: Highly undersampled diffusion weighted image data sets are acquired for a plurality of different directions using a projection reconstruction pulse sequence. The acquired projection views are interleaved and are combined to form a more highly sampled data set that is used to reconstruct a composite image. A DWI image is reconstructed from each undersampled data set for each direction using a highly constrained backprojected method that employs the composite image. Diffusion tensor values are calculated from the DWI images.