Abstract: A battery system includes an enclosure having opposed first and second major walls, a perimetral wall connecting the first and second major walls along respective perimeters thereof, and an interior defined by the first and second major walls and the perimetral wall, wherein the enclosure is configured for containing an anode assembly, a cathode assembly and an electrolyte within the interior. A longitudinal embossment is formed in the perimetral wall extending outward from the interior and extending along opposed adjacent portions of the first and second perimeters. A wall port is defined in the perimetral wall in fluid communication with the interior, wherein the wall port is configured for permitting flow of the electrolyte therethrough into and out of the interior. First and second electrodes extend through the perimetral wall and are configured for electrical connection with the anode assembly and cathode assembly, respectively.

Abstract: Methods for determining an operating state of a battery with respect to one or more use profiles include: a step of prior learning during which operational limits of the battery are defined depending on parameters of the battery; the operational limits defining an operational zone in which the battery carries out the one or more use profiles, and a non-operational zone in which the battery does not carry out the one or more use profiles; a step of determining the operating state of the battery for a given use profile in the course of which the parameters of the battery in operation are determined; and a comparison step in which the operational limits and the parameters of the battery are compared and the battery is positioned in the operational or non-operational zone.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a method for classifying a battery cell. The method may include: measuring load cycles of the cell using a coulometry apparatus; repeating the measurement until an abort criterion is met; determining values for a discharge capacity of the battery cell using a first and a second calculation rule; wherein a calibration is input differently into the first and the second rule; carrying out an optimization method to determine a calibration of the current measurement with the greatest match between the first and the second discharge capacity; determining an aging criterion for the battery cell based on the result of the measurement; and sorting the battery cell into one of several classification ranges based on the aging criterion.

Abstract: An aircraft monitoring system for an electric aircraft is disclosed. The monitoring system may include at least a sensor configured to generate a failure datum. The failure datum includes a datum regarding a condition of an electric motors. An electronic checklist may include a crew alerting system (CAS). A CAS may be in electronic communication a sensor, wherein the CAS is comprised of at least a computing device. A CAS may generate a plurality of remedy data as a function of the failure datum. A CAS then may display the plurality of remedy data using a pilot display. A pilot may be prompted to apply the remedy datum using a pilot display as a function of the plurality of remedy data. The CAS provides an indication of the condition of the electric motor using a pilot display as a function of the application of the plurality of remedy data.

Abstract: A high-voltage semiconductor switch is provided. The high-voltage semiconductor switch comprises one or more switch subcircuits, wherein each switch subcircuit may comprise one or more FET circuits and voltage-shifting transistor. The high-voltage semiconductor switch may be configured based on operational and environmental requirements, such as those of a quantum computing system, wherein the high-voltage switch may be located in a cryostat or vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A method for determining a state value of a traction battery of an electric vehicle characterises the ageing state, preferably an SoH value. The traction battery is charged or discharged by a test load and a respective output voltage and load current value pair is acquired. An ohmic internal resistance is established on the basis of the acquired value pair. The state value is established on the basis of the established ohmic internal resistance. At least one normalisation variable characterizing the traction battery is established. On the basis of the established ohmic internal resistance and the normalisation variable, a normalised internal resistance based on a reference value of the normalisation variable is established. The state value is established on the basis of the normalised internal resistance. A diagnostics device has an evaluation unit which is directly or indirectly couplable to the traction battery and carries out the method.

Abstract: A method for determining the state of health of a battery by monitoring charging of the battery over multiple charging instances is provided. The method is implemented within charging stations by: recognizing the battery via a unique identifier; charging the battery; monitoring conditions of the battery during charging; storing data related to the current charging instance based at least partially on the monitored conditions; retrieving data related to at least one earlier charging instance of the uniquely identified battery; and making a determination of the uniquely identified battery's state of health based at least partially on a comparison of the data related to the current charging instance and the retrieved data related to at least one earlier charging instance.

Abstract: A system for maintaining a fleet of aircraft batteries located at multiple airports. The system may be configured to obtain charge information and battery health information for individual batteries within the fleet of aircraft batteries from charging containers located at individuals ones of the multiple airports. The charge information may include charge statuses of the individual batteries and/or the battery health information may characterize the degradation of the individual batteries over time. The system may determine predictions of one or more batteries to be re-allocated and/or to receive maintenance based on the battery health information. The system may generate a battery management plan including the one or more predictions recommending one or more batteries to be re-allocated and/or to receive maintenance.

Abstract: Provided is a battery system, including: at least two batteries, each battery comprising a battery management system; a plurality of sensors for sensing battery operation data; at least one external connection port; wherein: at least two battery management systems of the at least two batteries are coupled to the at least one external connection port; and at least two battery management systems of the at least two batteries store machine-executable instructions, that when executed, cause the at least one battery management system to communicate battery operation data to at least one external load.

Abstract: A charging system includes: a first battery, a second battery, a switch device, a charging component, and a control component. A capacity of the second battery is smaller than that of the first battery. The switch device is disposed outside the second battery and connected to the second battery. The charging component is connected to the first battery and connected to the second battery via the switch device, and configured to output a charging current to the first battery and the second battery. The control component is connected with the first battery and the second battery, and configured to detect remaining capacity of the first battery and the second battery during a charging process and control the switch device to turn on or turn off based on the remaining capacity.

Abstract: A power supply unit for an aerosol inhaler includes: a power supply that is able to discharge power to a load for generating an aerosol from an aerosol generation source; and a control unit that is configured to control at least one of charging and discharging of the power supply such that the power supply does not become one or both of a fully charged state and a discharging termination state.

Abstract: In an aspect, a system for monitoring a battery system in-flight. The system includes at least a battery pack and a pack monitoring unit (PMU) communicatively connected with a battery pack. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery packs. The PMU may include at least a sensor and a controller. At least a sensor is configured to detect battery datum. A controller is communicatively connected with at least a sensor. A controller is configured to receive battery datum, detect a significant event as a function of battery datum, and transmit the significant event to a remote device.

Abstract: A full current balancing method of SOC for an energy storage system is provided. DC output terminals of each battery pack are connected in parallel with a half-bridge control circuit to form a battery module, positive and negative electrodes of battery modules are successively connected in series to form a battery cluster. In operation, SOCs of the battery modules are sorted, battery modules with lower SOCs are put in operation first when charging, and the battery modules with higher SOCs are put in operation first when discharging, thereby achieving full current balancing of SOC among the battery packs in the battery cluster. After multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery stack, current of the battery cluster with a low SOC is increased, and current of the battery cluster with a high SOC is decreased, thereby achieving balancing of SOC among the battery clusters.

Abstract: A secondary battery management device is communicably connected to a secondary battery unit including a secondary battery, and manages the secondary battery unit. The secondary battery management device is configured to: request the secondary battery unit to transmit a voltage and a state value of the secondary battery; receive the voltage and the state value of the secondary battery transmitted from the secondary battery unit; calculate a value of correction of the state value on the basis of the voltage and the state value which have been received; and transmit the calculated value of correction to the secondary battery unit in order to apply the calculated value of correction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an insulation detection circuit for voltage balance, including a bus battery, a bus positive voltage dividing circuit, a bus negative voltage dividing circuit, a differential amplification circuit and a micro controller unit (MCU) module. The bus battery is respectively connected with the bus positive voltage dividing circuit and the bus negative voltage dividing circuit, the bus positive voltage dividing circuit and the bus negative voltage dividing circuit is respectively connected with the differential amplification circuit, and the differential amplification circuit being connected with the MCU module; the bus battery is configured for supplying power to each module; the bus positive voltage dividing circuit is configured for converting a positive voltage of the bus from high voltage to detectable low voltage; the bus negative voltage dividing circuit is configured for converting a negative voltage the bus from high voltage to detectable low voltage.

Abstract: A battery state estimation method includes acquiring an initial value of a vector-type parameter for modeling an electrochemical-thermal (ECT) model of a battery, extracting a predetermined point from the vector-type parameter based on the initial value, generating a target parameter based on the predetermined point, to minimize an error between an actual state of the battery and a state of the battery acquired from the ECT model, and estimating the state of the battery based on the target parameter.

Abstract: To reduce the likelihood of erroneous detection resulting from improper engagement of an engaging part with an engaged part, a fixing member is made to have a recess formed therein and is provided with a plurality of conduction paths that are electrically insulated from each other and have portions that are exposed at a plurality of positions including a first position inside the recess and in the vicinity of the innermost part of the recess and a second position inside the recess and not in the vicinity of the innermost part of the recess and other portions that are exposed outside of the recess, and a prescribed member touching the first position and second position can push the area around the opening of the recess.

Abstract: A method for identifying a cell quality during cell formation includes: conducting a beginning of life cycling following an initial cell formation charge of multiple cells; collecting and preprocessing a discharge data set generated by one of the multiple cells during the beginning of life cycling; calculating a statistical variance from the discharge data set identifying an estimated probability of meeting a target cell usage time; and projecting a life span of the multiple cells.

Abstract: A battery device includes a first battery and a second battery connected in series. An electronic device for determining a state of charge of the battery device includes a sense resistor connected in series to the second battery, and a fuel gauge. The fuel gauge is configured to determine the state of charge of the battery device based on a first terminal voltage of the first battery, a first calculation current of the first battery, a second terminal voltage of the second battery, and a measurement current of the second battery measured through the sense resistor. The fuel gauge calculates a second calculation current of the second battery using a battery parameter of an equivalent circuit model, corrects the battery parameter when a difference between the measurement current and the second calculation current is not less than a threshold value, and calculates the first calculation current using the battery parameter or a corrected battery parameter.

Abstract: A method and/or system configured to select state estimator operation settings based on one or more system inputs; and determine a battery state of a battery, based on sensor measurements associated with the battery, using a state estimator operating under the state estimator operation settings.

Abstract: An inhalation component generating device includes: a power supply; a load group including a load configured to evaporate or atomize an inhalation component source by power from the power supply; and a control circuit configured to be able to acquire a voltage value of the power supply. The control circuit performs: a process (a1) of acquiring a closed circuit voltage value of the power supply in a closed circuit state in which the power supply and the load group are electrically connected; and a process (a2) of comparing the acquired closed circuit voltage value and a first reference voltage value, and determining that the power supply is in a small residual amount state in a case where the closed circuit voltage value is smaller than or is equal to or smaller than the reference voltage value.

Abstract: Methods, non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums and electronic devices are provided for controlling temperature. A terminal obtains a target environment temperature value of an environment where the terminal is located. When the terminal is being charged, the terminal determines a target temperature control strategy according to the target environment temperature value. The terminal controls a temperature of the terminal according to the target temperature control strategy.

Abstract: A battery system includes: first and second battery modules connected between first and second system terminals in parallel; and a controller controlling the first and second battery modules. The first battery module includes a first battery and a first main switch, and a first balancing switch and a first balancing resistor, which are connected to the first main switch in parallel. The second battery module includes a second battery and a second main switch, and a second balancing switch and a second balancing resistor, which are connected to the second main switch in parallel. The controller is configured to detect a first battery voltage and a second battery voltage, and when an absolute value of a difference between the first and second battery voltages is greater than a first reference value, to open the first and second main switches and to close the first and second balancing switches.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to improve computing device power management. An example apparatus includes a usage classifier to classify usage of a computing system, a low battery probability determiner to determine a probability of the computing system operating with a low battery capacity based on the classification, a policy reward determiner to determine an adjustment of a policy based on at least one of the classification or the probability, and determine a battery capacity of the computing system in response to the adjustment, and a policy adjustor to adjust the policy in response to the battery capacity satisfying a threshold.

Abstract: A technique facilitates evaluation of a fluid flowing through a tubing and includes at least one sensor deployed along an interior of the tubing. Each sensor comprises a plurality of electrodes and insulation material disposed between the electrodes to isolate the electrodes from each other and to facilitate resistivity measurements. The plurality of electrodes comprises electrodes for emitting an electric current and for monitoring voltage so as to enable resistivity measurements with respect to fluid flowing through the tubing. The resistivity measurements may be used to determine a constituent fraction, e.g. a water fraction, of the fluid flowing through the tubing.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for determining vehicle battery health. In some embodiments, an example method may include receiving, from a first vehicle, a first value for a first data type and a second value for a second data type, the first data type and the second data type relating to a battery of the first vehicle. The example method may also include determining, for the first data type and the second data type, a minimum possible value, a maximum possible value, and an offset indicator, wherein the offset indicator provides an indication of a significance of the first value and the second values relative to the minimum possible value and maximum possible value for the first data type and the second data type respectively. The example method may also include determining a weight for the first data type and a weight for the second data type.

Abstract: A method for estimating a state of charge of a valve regulated lead-acid battery includes; an overcharge amount identification step of identifying an overcharge amount when the lead-acid battery is overcharged after an arbitrary reference time; an open circuit voltage acquisition step of acquiring an open circuit voltage of the lead-acid battery after the reference time; and a state-of-charge estimation step of estimating a state of charge of the lead-acid battery based on the acquired open circuit voltage and a correlation between an open circuit voltage and state of charge in which a rate of change of the state of charge with respect to the open circuit voltage is smaller as the overcharge amount from the reference time until an acquisition time of the open circuit voltage is larger.

Abstract: A battery management apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a voltage measuring unit for measuring a battery voltage of a battery, a degree of bending measuring unit provided on at least one side of the battery for measuring a degree of battery bending of the battery, and a processor for receiving the battery voltage from the voltage measuring unit, receiving the degree of battery bending from the degree of bending measuring unit, setting a base degree of bending according to a voltage range to which the battery voltage belongs among an overdischarge voltage range, an allowable voltage range and an overcharge voltage range, comparing the degree of battery bending with the base degree of bending to determine which is greater, and performing a protection operation for the battery based on a degree of bending comparison result.

Abstract: Responsive to a target charge level, a target charge completion time, and a maximum charge rate being sufficient to achieve the target charge level during an available charge duration defined by the target charge completion time, a controller charges the traction battery at a selected rate less than the maximum rate such that the traction battery continuously receives charge until occurrence of the target charge completion time and the traction battery achieves the target charge level at but not before the target charge completion time.

Abstract: A device having a function of simultaneously charging and backing up data is provided. The device includes a transmission interface, a power supply circuit, a storage circuit, and a main control circuit. The transmission interface is connected to an electronic device. The power supply circuit is configured to supply power to the electronic device to charge the electronic device. The storage circuit is configured to access data of the electronic device, or to provide data stored in the storage circuit to the electronic device. The main control circuit is connected to the transmission interface, the power supply circuit and the storage circuit. The main control circuit is configured to control the power supply circuit to supply the power to the electronic device and the storage circuit to back up the data simultaneously.

Abstract: A battery capacity estimation device in an embodiment includes one or more hardware processors configured to: acquire an alternating current power or an alternating current energy that is input to and output from a storage battery system via a direct current-alternating current converter, the storage battery system being capable of controlling charge and discharge; acquire a state of charge (SoC) of the storage battery system; and estimate a battery capacity of the storage battery system based on the acquired alternating current power or the acquired alternating current energy and the acquired SoC.

Abstract: Electrical systems of elevators and methods thereof, with an elevator alarm system configured to provide an alarm within an elevator car of the elevator system, wherein the elevator alarm system is configured to be supplied with power from a primary power source. A secondary power source includes a first storage device and a second storage device and a controller is configured to control a power flow from the secondary power source to the elevator alarm system when the primary power source fails and test a capacity of the first storage device by discharging a power of the first storage device and storing said discharged power within the second storage device.

Abstract: A battery diagnosis apparatus and a battery diagnosis method for accurately diagnosing a secondary battery are proposed. A pulse current generator, a voltage measuring instrument that measures a voltage response to application of a current pulse, a first data processing device that obtains a chronopotentiogram (CP) indicating a change in the voltage response over time and normalizes the CP, a database that saves normalized data, and a second data processing device that uses a correlation between the saved data and a battery state expressing factor prepared in advance to make a battery diagnosis are used. Desirably, the current pulse is a current in the same direction at the time of data obtainment and at the time of a diagnosis. Further, a noise filter for an input signal of the CP and resampling means for reducing the number of pieces of data input to the first data processing device are provided.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for predicting the service life of a retired power battery. The service life of a retired power battery may be predicted by its power battery life attenuation curve. The power battery life attenuation curve is obtained by establishing a power battery life model and a charge and discharge characteristic curve of the power battery by utilizing the temperature T, the discharge rate C and the discharge depth DOD in the charging and discharging process of the power battery. This invention establishes a three-dimensional relation graph with a cycle life with respect to the capacity loss rate and the functional relationship ?=ƒ(T,C) by using the power battery life attenuation curve. The three-dimensional relation graph is applied to the same type of battery. And the attenuation of the battery in the full life cycle may be predicted.

Abstract: The present application provides a battery state estimation method, which relates to the field of battery technology. The battery state estimation method includes: obtaining a first cell state parameter of each of a plurality of cells in a battery; under a condition that there are multiple cell partitions, determining whether the first cell state parameter of each cell belonging to a cell partition is within a first cell state parameter range corresponding to the cell partition; when it is within the first cell state parameter range corresponding to the cell partition, estimating a cell state of each of the cell partitions based on a target cell state parameter corresponding to the cell partition; and estimating a battery state of the battery based on the cell state.

Abstract: A battery diagnostic device includes a sensing unit configured to measure a current and voltage of a battery, and a processor configured to estimate a SOC of the battery based on the measured current, select a plurality of SOCs from SOC-voltage data mapping the voltage and the estimated SOC with each other, divide a preset SOC region into a plurality of sub-regions based on sizes of the selected SOCs, calculate a region change value of each of the sub-regions based on the sizes of the sub-regions and a size of a preset reference region, diagnose whether at least one of an active material area, a depth of discharge and a depth of charge of the battery changes based on the calculated change values of sub-regions, and determine whether a mode of the battery is a normal mode or a failure mode based on the diagnosis.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method performed by a battery monitoring unit configured for estimating a battery discharging current of a battery comprising the steps obtaining a state-of-charge value indicative of a ratio between a current capacity and a maximum capacity of the battery, obtaining sensor data indicative of a first plurality of battery voltage values obtained at multiple subsequent points in time, determining a first voltage trend over time of the first plurality of battery voltage values, estimating a battery discharging current of the battery based on a relation, where the relation is dependent on the first voltage trend over time and the state-of-charge value.

Abstract: A battery information processing system includes a control device configured to perform capacity calculation processing. The capacity calculation processing is processing for calculating a full charge capacity Q of the module based on a fitting curve Z calculated by fitting processing of a Nyquist plot representing a result of measurement of an AC impedance of the module. In an OCV-SOC curve of the module, there are a flat region in which a ratio of variation is lower than a reference value and a steep region in which the ratio of variation is higher than the reference value. The control device estimates an OCV of the module from a result of detection by a voltage sensor and performs the capacity calculation processing when the estimated OCV is in the flat region.

Abstract: A method and system that enhances a service life of a battery is provided. The method includes values of a set of operational characteristics of a plurality of electrochemically active materials of at least one electrode of the battery. The set of operational characteristics include a voltage, a change in accumulated energy, a change in ohmic resistance, and a change in a rate of change in accumulated energy with respect to a rate of change in ohmic resistance. The values are compared with predefined values of the set of operational characteristics. A rate of depletion and a type of depletion of each of the plurality of electrochemically active materials are determined, and a range of the State of Charge, a range of the voltage, and a range of current to operate the battery for enhanced service life are determined.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining electrode information of a battery including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a battery pack including the apparatus. The apparatus includes a sensing unit configured to measure a voltage and a current of the battery, and a processor. The processor generates a V-dQ/dV curve based on the voltage and the current of the battery. The V-dQ/dV curve indicates a relationship between V (the voltage of the battery) and dQ/dV (a ratio of an amount of change dQ of the remaining capacity to an amount of change dV of the voltage of the battery). The processor detects a plurality of feature points from the V-dQ/dV curve. The processor determines information associated with each of the first electrode and the second electrode as the electrode information based on the plurality of feature points.

Abstract: The present application provides a battery module, which includes: a plurality of batteries, each battery including a top cover, and a first electrode terminal, a second electrode terminal and an explosion-proof valve being disposed on the top cover in a width direction; and a first heat exchange plate including: a first main body portion and a first bending portion bending from an upper side of the first main body portion to the plurality of batteries in the width direction; the first bending portion covers explosion-proof valves of at least some of the batteries in the width direction, a flow channel for flow of a heat exchange medium is disposed in the first bending portion, and the first bending portion is configured to be capable of leaking the heat exchange medium in the flow channel after being melted.

Abstract: A battery capacity estimation method includes first to third steps. The first step involves obtaining information about a Nyquist plot by a predetermined AC-IR measurement. The second step involves obtaining image data of a Nyquist diagram that is obtained when the AC-IR measurement is performed at a predetermined first temperature, based on the information about the Nyquist plot obtained in the first step and on an ambient temperature at which the AC-IR measurement is performed in the first step. The third step involves inputting the image data of the Nyquist diagram obtained in the second step to an input layer of a pre-trained neural network model, to obtain a battery capacity estimate value of a battery to be measured.

Abstract: An ECMS-based PHEV four-drive torque distribution method is disclosed. The method comprises: step 1, calculating an equivalent fuel consumption factor; step 2, calculating instantaneous total equivalent fuel consumption rate; step 3, converting all operating torque combinations of an engine, a BSG motor and a rear axle motor into the operating torque of a driving wheel, and determining the operating torque range of each power source; step 4, solving the minimum value of the instantaneous total equivalent fuel consumption rate within the actual operating torque range of each power source; and step 5, taking the operating torque of each power source corresponding to the minimum instantaneous total equivalent fuel consumption rate as the PHEV optimal operating torque for distribution.

Abstract: A trained neural network model is a neural network model which has been trained based on Nyquist plots of a plurality of modules of which full charge capacity is within a reference range. A processing system determines to which of a first group of modules of which full charge capacity is within the reference range and a second group of modules of which full charge capacity is out of the reference range a module belongs, based on discriminant analysis in which at least one feature value extracted from the Nyquist plot of the module is adopted as an explanatory variable. When the processing system determines that the module M belongs to the first group, the processing system estimates a full charge capacity of the module by using the trained neural network model.

Abstract: A battery module comprising a housing, a venting assembly, a plurality of battery cells disposed in the housing, a printed circuit configured to control operations of the battery module, a vent chamber of the venting assembly, and a lid including the venting assembly. Each of the plurality of battery cells comprises a battery cell vent for venting gases from within the corresponding battery cell upward in a direction of the printed circuit. The vent chamber is disposed between the plurality of battery cells and the printed circuit. The vent chamber is configured to direct the gases vented from the battery cell vent toward an opening for venting the gases from the battery module. The lid is disposed over the plurality of battery cells and holds the printed circuit above the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: A method for determining an impedance of an electrically conducting device, such as a battery or a welded metal joint, includes applying a time-varying electric current to the electrically conducting device. The current varies at least between a first level and a second level. The current changes between the first level and second level within a time interval that is so short that a voltage response of the electrically conducting device exhibits a first local voltage extremum followed by a decay. An ohmic resistance voltage is adopted by the voltage response, when the first local voltage extremum has decayed. The method further includes acquiring the voltage response at least partially and determining an impedance of the electrically conducting device from the acquired voltage response.

Abstract: A method and system for AC battery operation. In one embodiment, the method comprises determining, at a battery management unit (BMU) coupled to an AC battery comprising a power converter and a battery that is rechargeable, a bias control voltage that indicates a state of a charge process of the AC battery; and coupling, by a bias control module of the BMU, the bias control voltage to the power converting for communicating the state of the charge process to and from the BMU and the power converter.

Abstract: A safety estimation device for batteries includes a parameter acquirer that acquires a design parameter of a battery, a calculator that calculates voltage behavior of the battery from the design parameter, based on a machine-learned logical model, and an outputter that outputs the voltage behavior as information about safety regarding heat generation of the battery.

Abstract: A battery management system for optimizing the internal resistance of a battery includes a current measuring unit that measures a charge current of the battery, a memory that stores a plurality of voltage-current characteristic profiles, and a control unit that determines a reference profile from the plurality of voltage-current characteristic profiles based on a state of charge and temperature of the battery. The reference profile includes a start point, an end point, and a plurality of intermediate points disposed between the start point and the end point. The control unit determines an internal resistance of the battery, sets one of the plurality of intermediate points as a reference point, determines a reference resistance based on the reference point and the end point, and determines an optimal resistance based on the charge current, the internal resistance, the reference resistance and a predetermined upper limit of charge current.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing a battery includes a sensing unit configured to measure a potential and a current of a battery, and a processor configured to estimate a capacity of the battery based on the current measured by the sensing unit, detect inflection points in potential-capacity data in which the potential and the estimated capacity are mapped with each other, estimate an electrode potential of each inflection point, calculate a potential difference between each estimated electrode potential and a reference electrode potential, diagnose a change of at least one of an active material area, a depth of charge and a depth of discharge of an electrode of the battery based on an increase or decrease pattern of the plurality of calculated potential differences, and determine a mode of the battery as a normal mode or a failure mode based on the diagnosis result.