Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for hanging one or more objects, such as frames, on a surface. A marking device for marking a surface for hanging one or more objects. The marking device can have a main body portion having first and second arms pivotably attached thereto. The first and second arms, as well as the main body, can each have a marker to mark a target surface. The marking device can optionally have a level indicator and the first and second arms can have markers which can slide along a ruled measure for convenient positioning of marks on the target surface. Optionally, the markers can have biased, retractable, or sheathed marker pins.

Abstract: Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of touch electrodes, a touch driving circuit electrically connected to the plurality of touch electrodes, and a fingerprint sensor device disposed on one surface of the display panel and including a plurality of unit blocks. The fingerprint sensor device includes a plurality of fingerprint scan lines extending in a first direction, a plurality of fingerprint sensing lines extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, a plurality of sensor pixels respectively connected to the plurality of fingerprint scan lines and the plurality of fingerprint sensing lines, and a fingerprint scan driver having a plurality of stages for applying a fingerprint scan signal to each of the plurality of fingerprint scan lines. The touch driving circuit applies a start signal to the fingerprint scan driver.

Abstract: A moisture detecting article includes a moisture detection module secured to a garment, intended to contain and hold bodily fluids excreted by an animal. The moisture detection module is connectable to a moisture sensor disposed in the garment to detect when bodily fluid is excreted. If moisture is detected, the moisture sensitive detection module enables one or more signals, alarming the animal and its caretaker. The garment includes a moisture absorbent material, detachable from the garment for disposal of the excretion.

Abstract: The present application belongs to the technical field of monitoring of durability of concrete, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a structure of an electrical capacitance tomography sensor and analyzing an electromagnetic field. A specific process of the method includes eight steps: parameter setting, geometric setting, material setting, mesh generation, physical field setting, solution, sensor structure optimization and calculation of electromagnetic field distribution. The method proposes a new concept for solving a forward problem of an ECT system based on COMSOL software. After modeling is completed, uniformity of a sensitive field of the ECT sensor is analyzed according to calculation results, and structural parameter values of components of the ECT sensor are adjusted to seek an optimal design scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed are a touch screen panel and a display apparatus with integrated touch screen, in which a pattern inspection process and a repair process are easily performed on touch electrodes. The touch screen panel includes a plurality of first touch electrodes, a plurality of second touch electrodes spaced apart from the plurality of first touch electrodes, a plurality of bridge electrodes electrically connecting the plurality of second touch electrodes, and a plurality of identification patterns disposed in respective outer portions of the plurality of first touch electrodes and the plurality of second touch electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides capacitive gas sensor and manufacturing method thereof in which the capacitive gas sensor comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; a gas-sensitive dielectric material arranged between the first and the second electrodes to form a gas sensitive capacitor, the gas-sensitive dielectric material has a permittivity that depends on an amount of a gas compound absorbed from the environmental medium; and a dielectric-electrode interfacing material arranged at an interface between the gas-sensitive dielectric material and at least one of the first and second electrodes. The dielectric-electrode interfacing material is adapted to absorb thermally-induced dilatation of the at least one of the first and second electrodes for reducing mechanical stress on the gas-sensitive dielectric material.

Abstract: A sensor unit may include a sensor, a housing, at least one microprocessor, a non-volatile memory, a transceiver, a clock, and a connector. The sensor may be configured to measure a change in fringe capacitance and may be tuned to at least one of detect and identify a given animal. The housing may include a power source. The connector may operatively connect the sensor to the housing. The at least one microprocessor may be programmed to continuously recalibrate a baseline capacitance.

Abstract: A detection device is configured to detect an electrostatic capacitance between an operated member having a plurality of detection areas and an electrode having areas associated with the detection areas respectively. A control device is configured to determine whether an operation is performed to each of the detection areas based on whether a difference between the electrostatic capacitance and a reference electrostatic capacitance exceeds a threshold range, and to change the reference electrostatic capacitance based on a change in the electrostatic capacitance. The control device holds the reference electrostatic capacitance in a case where different changes in the electrostatic capacitance are detected between the detection areas.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring pressure and/or humidity, having at least one sensor for measuring pressure and/or humidity. The sensor has at least one capacitor having at least two electrodes that are arranged in a horizontal direction relative to one another along and on a flexible support material. At least one dielectric layer is arranged between the electrodes. At least one at least partially moisture-permeable and/or moisture-absorbing layer is arranged in some places on a side, facing away from a support material, of the electrode and/or the dielectric layer. The at least one electrode and/or the dielectric layer are arranged transversely between the support material and the moisture layer. In this way, a capacitance is at least partially changed by moisture hitting the dielectric layer, and a processing unit is designed and provided to measure and/or store this change, so as to create a capacitive moisture sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for measuring pressure, gas and/or humidity, the apparatus having at least one sensor with at least one capacitor comprising at least two electrodes that are arranged in a horizontal direction relative to one another along and on a flexible support material. At least one dielectric layer is arranged between the electrodes and at least one at least partially moisture-permeable and/or moisture-absorbing and/or gas-permeable and/or gas-absorbing moisture layer is arranged at least in some places on a side, facing away from a support material, of at least one electrode and/or the dielectric layer. At least one electrode and/or the dielectric layer are thus arranged transversely between the support material and the moisture layer. A capacitance is at least partially changed by moisture hitting the dielectric layer, and a processing unit measures and/or stores this change, so as to create a capacitive moisture sensor.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a touch display device with a fingerprint sensor capable of making brightness uniform by removing a difference in brightness in a portion to which a touch sensor and the fingerprint sensor are applied in the touch display device in which the touch sensor and the fingerprint sensor are applied together, in which an output of the touch display device of uniform brightness may be obtained by individually controlling brightness of a portion where the fingerprint sensor and the touch sensor are positioned or changing a structure so that light transmittances of the fingerprint sensor and the touch sensor are the same as or similar to each other.

Abstract: The device comprises: a first support layer (C1) having detection means including several electrodes (11) arranged, in use, in contact with the skin of a user on at least one muscle, or part thereof, and configured for acquiring a plurality of electromyographic signals, said first support layer (C1) being mechanically and electrically attached in a detachable manner to a second support layer (C2); and said second support layer (C2) which includes electronic means (BE) configured for performing the conditioning of said acquired electromyographic signals, conversion thereof to a digital format and transmission through a communication channel (26) to a master electronic unit (27), wherein said master electronic unit (27) is configured for controlling said electronic means (BE) and to further transmit the received conditioned and digitized electromyographic signals to a control unit (30) for monitoring thereof.

Abstract: An optical module includes an enclosure and an optical output assembly mounted on the enclosure. An emitter mounted in the enclosure is configured to emit a beam of light toward the optical output assembly. A connector, which includes two conductive layers separated by a dielectric layer, has a first side connected to the enclosure and a second side connected to the optical output assembly. An electrical trace disposed on the enclosure is connected to the first side of the connector so as to define a test circuit having a capacitance. Control circuitry is coupled to sense the capacitance of the test circuit, and configured to inhibit operation of the emitter upon sensing a change in the capacitance that exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose herein include a sensor wafer. In an embodiment, the sensor wafer comprises a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and an edge surface between the first surface and the second surface. In an embodiment, the sensor wafer further comprises a plurality of sensor regions formed along the first surface, wherein the sensor regions comprise self-referencing capacitive sensors. In an embodiment, the sensor wafer further comprises a vibration sensor embedded within the substrate.

Abstract: A paving machine can include a frame; a screed coupled to the frame; and a density sensor coupled to the paving machine and configured to measure a density of an asphalt mat as the screed passes over the asphalt mat.

Abstract: A fingerprint detection device includes: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface, the first surface serving as a detection surface configured to detect unevenness of an object in contact or in proximity; a detection electrode provided on the second surface side of the substrate and configured to detect unevenness of a finger in contact or in proximity on the basis of an electrostatic capacitance change; and a drive circuit provided on the second surface side of the substrate and configured to supply a drive signal to the detection electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus and system to nondestructively analyze 2D and 3D cell cultures for cell health using a combination of RF spectroscopy and a radio tomography. The apparatus acquires a signal using a low noise, highly sensitive detector. The signals are combined and compared to the signal of healthy cells.

Abstract: A shock absorber including a shock absorber body substantially filled with a hydraulic fluid. The shock absorber includes a piston disposed within the shock absorber body that includes a piston head movable within the shock absorber to apply a pressure change in the hydraulic fluid. The shock absorber includes a piezoelectric material disposed within the shock absorber and in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid. The piezoelectric material is configured to generate an electrical charge in response to the pressure change in the hydraulic fluid. The piezoelectric material is electrically connected to at least one battery configured to receive the electrical charge generated by the piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A sensor device has a plurality of electrode portions configured to provide one or more electrical signals and a non-conductive material provided on or over the plurality of electrode portions. The one or more electrical signals are provided in response to a change in capacitance between (i) at least one of the plurality of electrode portions and a conductive object being near to or in contact with the non-conductive material, and/or (ii) at least one of the plurality of electrode portions and at least one other of the plurality of electrode portions. A system comprising the sensor device and method of manufacturing the sensor device are also provided.

Abstract: A sensor is provided for detecting a pen signal transmitted from a pen. The sensor includes a touch sensor, flexible printed circuit (FPC) connector terminals, and a detection pattern. The touch sensor has linear electrodes, which form a position detection area and are configured to respectively detect the pen signal. The FPC connector terminals are connected to the linear electrodes, respectively, via routing traces arranged outside the position detection area. The detection pattern is arranged in a region outside the position detection area, near the FPC connector terminals, and is configured to detect the pen signal.

Abstract: A fluid sensor for detecting a content change, in particular a liquid front, in a sensor portion of a fluid system, wherein the fluid sensor includes at least one sensor electrode, the sensor electrode having an electrode potential and a capacitive behavior, the sensor electrode thus being capable to store electrical energy in an electrical field formed by the sensor electrode when being charged, causing the electrode potential to change accordingly, a capacitance value of the sensor electrode varies when the content changes, the fluid sensor includes evaluation electronics, the evaluation electronics including a unidirectional electrical device (UED), and an AC source, the AC source is coupled via the UED to the sensor electrode to charge the sensor electrode, and the evaluation electronics include a discharge path coupled to the sensor electrode for discharging the sensor electrode.

Abstract: As one example, a fluid monitoring apparatus includes a dielectric microsensor that includes a capacitive sensing structure integrated into a microfluidic channel. The microfluidic channel includes a fluid input to receive a sample volume of a sample under test (SUT). A transmitter provides an input radio frequency (RF) signal to an RF input of the microsensor. A receiver receives an output RF signal from the microsensor. A computing device computes dielectric permittivity values of the SUT that vary over a time interval based on the output RF signal. The computing device may determine an indication of platelet count based on the computed dielectric permittivity values over at least a portion of the time interval.

Abstract: A built-in electrode electrical capacitance tomography sensor, characterized in that the electrical capacitance tomography sensor is a barrel sensor, and sequentially comprises, from inside to outside, an array distribution electrode (1), an electrode insulating sleeve (2), a flange outer tube (3), an insulating tube (4) and a signal transmission line. The array distribution electrode (1) includes N electrode sheets of the same size and consists of measurement ends and fixed ends, N being an integer of 8-16. The electrode is connected to an electrical capacitance tomography signal acquisition system (13) by means of a transmission line, and the acquired electrical capacitance data is sent to the electrical capacitance tomography signal acquisition system (13) by means of a signal transmission line, and is then sent to an imaging computer by means of the electrical capacitance tomography signal acquisition system (13) so as to complete image reconstruction.

Abstract: A method for operating a sensor system having at least three sensor elements that can be attached on the surface of machines or components, the sensor elements having electrodes for forming electrical fields between electrodes having different electrical potential, the electrical fields changing upon the approach and/or contact of a body or an object, the electrodes acting as transmit electrode and/or as receive electrode, and the sensor elements being controlled in succession by a control device in a particular temporal or positional sequence.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a measuring circuit for a conductivity sensor, wherein the measuring circuit includes a built-in reference circuit and multiple built-in measuring ranges.

Abstract: In embodiments, there is provided a cartridge comprising a container comprising an opening and a holding portion to hold a sample and/or a reagent, an electrode disposed on a container wall of the container, and a removable separator to separate at least some of the holding portion of the container from the electrode when the removable separator is inserted into the holding portion. The cartridge may be combined in a kit with a member to insert the sample, or in an electrical measuring apparatus comprising a circuit to measure electrical characteristic(s) of a second signal, resulting from application of a first signal to the electrode, and indicative of electrical characteristic(s) of the sample and/or the reagent.

Abstract: This disclosure generally provides an input device, electronic systems and processing system for touch sensing. In one example, an input device for touch sensing includes receiver electrodes and transmitter electrodes arranged in transmitter and receiver electrode columns. Each transmitter electrode within each transmitter electrode column is paired with two adjacent receiver electrodes of a first column of the receiver electrode columns. A first plurality of traces couple a first group of receiver electrodes in the first receiver electrode column, the first plurality of traces not passing between the transmitter and receiver electrodes of the first transmitter and receiver electrode columns. A second plurality of traces coupled a second group of receiver electrodes in the first receiver electrode column, the second plurality of traces passing between one of the transmitter electrodes of the first transmitter electrode column and one of the receiver electrodes of the second group of receiver electrodes.

Abstract: A coaxial capacitive sensor includes a sensor lubricating oil inlet and a sensor lubricating oil outlet. The sensor lubricating oil inlet and the sensor lubricating oil outlet separately communicate with the interior of the coaxial capacitive sensor. The interior of the coaxial capacitive sensor is provided with a center bearing, electrode support insulating substrates, and electrode plates. The plurality of electrode support insulating substrates and the center bearing divide the interior of the coaxial capacitive sensor into a plurality of detection sub-spaces, and the electrode plates are attached onto the electrode support insulating substrates, respectively. The coaxial capacitive sensor provided by the present invention can be arranged in a lubricating oil pipeline to avoid the influences of environmental factors on the testing results, and can on-line detect the characteristics of the lubricating oil abrasive particles efficiently.

Abstract: An mage sensing apparatus includes a substrate, a sensor array and a first electrode structure. The sensor array has a plurality of sensing cells and is disposed on the substrate. The first electrode structure is disposed on the substrate, and is adjacent to a first side of the sensor array and extending along the first side of the sensor array. wherein, the first electrode structure is configured to receive a first compensation signal when a sensing operation is operating on a first plurality of sensing cells among the sensing cells of the sensor array.

Abstract: In particular embodiments, an apparatus includes a single electrode configured to passively receive a charge displacement and a change in characteristics of electromagnetic signals in an environment. The apparatus further includes a touch sensor, coupled to the single electrode, configured to detect a first input based on the charge displacement, and a second input based on the change in characteristics of electromagnetic signals in the environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (100) for performing exercises, comprising a housing (105), a deviation sensor (140) for detecting a deviation of said housing (105) from an equilibrium, and a control unit (110) coupled to said deviation sensor (140) arranged to count deviations from the equilibrium.

Abstract: A touch display device has a display area and includes a substrate, induction electrodes, first switches, and a first driver. The induction electrodes are disposed on the substrate and located within the display area, and the induction electrodes are arranged into an array. Each of the first switches has a first gate. Two adjacent induction electrodes in a same column of the array are electrically connected to each other through at least one of the first switches. The first driver is electrically connected to the first gates of the first switches.

Abstract: A vehicle human detection device includes: a conductive detection electrode provided in a sheet shape to cover a surface of a housing; an insulation layer stacked to cover the detection electrode; a capacitive coupling prevention electrode stacked on an area of the insulation layer that covers a non-detection area of the detection electrode other than a preset detection area; and a detection control unit configured to apply an AC voltage to the detection electrode and detect that a human touches the detection area based on a change in a capacitance of the detection electrode.

Abstract: A method for non-intrusively detecting imperfections in a test object made from metallic, non-conductive, and/or composite materials. The method uses a database with predetermined reference values and a probe that comprises a capacitive measuring apparatus with at least two coplanar electrodes. The method includes the operations of placing the at least two coplanar electrodes into a first position that is at a predetermined distance from the test object, performing a capacitive measurement to determine an effective dielectric constant, retrieving a reference value of the predetermined reference values from the database based on the test object and the predetermined distance, and detecting imperfections in the test object based on a comparison of the effective dielectric constant with the reference value.

Abstract: Mobile robotic platforms include a robotic device and a pair of laser scanners. The robotic device is positioned near a front of the mobile robotic platform while the laser scanners are positioned on the sides of the mobile robotic platform. When the mobile robotic platform is located in a selected position relative to an assembly with the front of the mobile robotic platform facing the assembly, the scanners are set to a scan field area of either a selected area for a safety zone around the sides of the mobile robotic platform or a default area within a predetermined distance from the sides. Upon detection of an intrusion into the scan field area of the laser scanners, the robotic device and/or the mobile robotic platform is stopped to prevent harm to a person whom may have inadvertently intruded into the scan field areas around the mobile robotic platform.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a touch panel, including: a flexible substrate including a first region, a second region and a bendable region between the first region and the second region; a first touch sensing layer provided in the first region of the flexible substrate, configured to sense a touch position and connected to a flexible circuit board; a second touch sensing layer provided in the second region of the flexible substrate and configured to sense a touch pressure; and a signal line provided in the bendable region of the flexible substrate and having a first end extending to the first region to be connected to the flexible circuit board and a second end extending to the second region to be connected to the second touch sensing layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a control method of an electronic device. The electronic device includes a touch display screen and a proximity sensor. The proximity sensor is disposed under a display area of the touch display screen. The control method includes: keeping the proximity sensor deactivated; determining whether the touch display screen is shielded according to a signal output by the touch display screen; controlling the touch display screen to enter a black-out state and activating the proximity sensor when the touch display screen is shielded; and controlling a display state of the touch display screen according to detection data of the proximity sensor. The present disclosure also provides a control device, an electronic device, a storage medium and a computer device.

Abstract: The disclosure makes an insulating component and a sensor bracket to be an integrally molded article, simplifies the manufacturing process and cuts down the cost. A sensor holder and a sensor bracket made of a resin are made to be an integrally molded article, wherein the sensor holder inside which a pair of electrodes are arranged, and the sensor bracket made of a resin which holds the sensor holder and is attached to a tailgate. During an operation of filling a molten resin to a cavity, a part of the sensor holder is melted by the molten resin, and thus integrating the sensor holder and the molten resin, therefore, the two components can be structurally and firmly integrated. Accordingly, a touch sensor unit which endures long-term use can be obtained.

Abstract: A plasma-generating device capable of detecting a short circuit or electrical discharge of a cable. In response to a detection voltage detected by a current transformer becoming equal to or greater than a threshold voltage, a touchscreen panel of the plasma-generating device reports a current abnormality. When a short circuit or a discharge occurs between the first cable and the second cable, which are a pair of cables, an induced current flows through the shield member by electromagnetic induction. Therefore, the detector can detect a current abnormality due to a short circuit or electrical discharge between the first cable and the second cable.

Abstract: A proximity sensor includes a sensor cable that includes a first electrode wire and a second electrode wire arranged parallel to each other, an insulation covering both the first electrode wire and the second electrode wire, and a shield partially covering a surface of the insulation so as to form an opening, the first electrode wire and the second electrode wire being arranged to have different distances to the opening, and a detector circuit that includes a first capacitance detecting portion for detecting a first capacitance to be detected by the first electrode wire, a second capacitance detecting portion for detecting a second capacitance to be detected by the second electrode wire, and a differential output portion for outputting a difference between the first capacitance and the second capacitance.

Abstract: A probe is provided for measuring permittivity of a dielectric material. The probe includes side electrodes and a pivotable center electrode with a bulbous tip to contact the material. A mounting harness supports the side electrodes and a feed connector with the center electrode soldered to the connector. The tip includes a contoured surface for measurement and rotation on the material. The bulbous tip can rest perpendicularly or in a pivoted position on the material without a loss of measurement accuracy. A saddle ensures that a measurement of the reflection coefficient is near the bulbous tip. In use, a voltage wave generated by a vector network analyzer is guided between the electrodes toward the tip and into the material. The material reflects this voltage wave back to the analyzer. The ratio of the reflected and forward voltages forms a reflection coefficient as a baseline for measuring permittivity.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor and a correction method thereof are provided. The fingerprint sensor includes a sensing part to be touched by a finger, including sensing units, a processing unit, and a correction unit; the sensing unit is configured to sense, when correction starts, a fingerprint signal and output first data; the processing unit is configured to calculate, according to a mathematical model, a new correction coefficient of the corresponding sensing unit by the first data; and the correction unit is configured to correct, according to the new correction coefficient, second data output by the corresponding sensing unit. The fingerprint sensor can automatically modify a correction coefficient when a physical characteristic of the fingerprint sensor changes, thereby reducing the product return rate and prolonging the product service life, omitting a step of correction before delivery, and reducing the manufacturing difficulty and the manufacturing costs.

Abstract: This invention provides cement-based material system for the self-sensing of the force (compressive, tensile, flexural, shear, torsional, and combinations thereof) exerted on the cement-based material. It also provides cement-based material system for weighing and a method of the self-sensing. No particular admixture is required in the cement-based material. The measurement involves using two electrodes on the same surface of the cement-based material. The force to be sensed is exerted on the cement-based material, particularly on a part of the material surface between the electrodes. The capacitance measured between the two electrodes serves as an indicator of the force. This invention also provides a method of the self-sensing of force exerted on a cement-based material.

Abstract: A high-precision magnetometer based on a miniature Penning trap is used to measure high magnetic field strengths with very high accuracy. Due to the high precision of the developed miniature charged particle trap, magnetic field strengths can be measured with an accuracy of 1 part per million or greater, including up to and above 1 part per billion. The charged particle trap has been configured to operate with such precision in environments of high radiation, e.g., 1 MGy or above.

Abstract: Disclosed herein a liquid level detection device capable of appropriately detecting a liquid level of a high temperature plasma raw material in a reservoir for storing the high temperature plasma raw material. The liquid level detection device includes: an upper limit level sensor configured to detect that the liquid level of the tin is elevated from downward to reach an upper limit level; and a refilling level sensor configured to detect that the liquid level of the tin is lowered from upward to reach a refilling level or a lower limit level. A detection responsiveness of the liquid level of the upper limit level sensor is higher than the refilling level sensor or the lower limit level sensor, and a detectability of the liquid level of the refilling level sensor or the lower limit level sensor is higher than the upper limit level sensor.

Abstract: A molecular sensor includes a substrate defining a substrate plane, and a plurality of pairs of electrode sheets above or below the substrate at an angle to the substrate plane. The molecular sensor further includes a plurality of inner dielectric sheets between each electrode sheet in each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs, and an outer dielectric sheet between each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for systems, apparatuses, and methods for real-time fluid analysis. Embodiments include a removable and replaceable sampling system and an analytical system connected to the sampling system. A fluid may be routed through the sampling system and real-time data may be collected from the fluid via the sampling system. The sampling system may process and transmit the real-time data to the analytical system. The analytical system may include a command and control system that may receive and store the real-time data in a database and compare the real-time data to existing data for the fluid in the database to identify conditions in the fluid.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting the level of a medium contained in a container, in particular a tank, comprises: an array of capacitive elements designed to be associated to the container (1), in particular so as to extend according to an axis of detection (X) of the level of the medium (L), the array of capacitive elements comprising a plurality of electrodes (J1-Jn), in particular on a face of an electrically insulating substrate (20) having a generally elongated shape, the electrodes (J1-Jn) being spaced apart from one another, in particular along the detection axis (X), and being preferably substantially coplanar with one another; at least one insulation layer (16) for insulating electrically the electrodes (J1-Jn) with respect to the inside of the container (1); and a controller (24) having a plurality of inputs. Each capacitive element comprises a set of electrodes connected together in common, in particular in parallel, each set of electrodes being connected to a respective input of the plurality of inputs.

Abstract: A hand held probe (200) for detecting voltage in a body of water includes voltage sensors (VS) installed in a probe head (204) with each sensor separately sensing a voltage present in the water and supplying an electrical output signal representative of the voltage level. A processor (206) processes the signals and produces an output representing a voltage gradient, a resultant electrical current, and a direction of current flow. A multiplexer (214) interposed between the sensors and processor transmits signals from the sensors to the processor in a predetermined sequence. Results of the processing including any voltage gradient, the resultant electrical current, and the direction of current flow are displayed and this information is used to determine if a currently dangerous or potentially dangerous condition exists in the water, and if a voltage is present in the water, its source.