Abstract: A drafting device creating perspective views from horizontal base lines with remote horizontal vanishing points and with a remote skyline vanishing point. The drafting device includes articulated arm assemblies on opposite sides of the board. Each arm assembly includes a lower straight edge that is pivotally connected by primary and secondary arms to a pivot arm pivotally mounted at opposed sides of the drawing board, thereby establishing an adjustable four-bar linkage that allows the straight edge to be oriented at vertically varying horizontal base lines with horizontal vertical vanishing points remote from the drawing board and variable perspective angles. In combination with ordinary drafting tools and scales, the drafter can create three dimensional objects as viewed from a horizontal base line perspective.

Abstract: A teaching device for teaching students different scales of measure and aiding in the taking of accurate measurements by users of the device includes a first face that is marked with standard units of measure such as feet, inches, and fractions of inches. Each scale represents a different unit of measure scale and is arranged next to smaller scale in an order such that the feet measurement is arranged next to the inch scale. The inch measure is also arranged to the half-inch scale which is arranged next to the quarter inch scale. This continues such that each succeeding scale is arranged between a larger and smaller scale. A second face is marked with scales representing metric units of measurement. Each scale on the second face represents a unit of measurement on one order of magnitude smaller than the preceding scale.

Abstract: An automatic packaging apparatus has an arraying and supplying station, a sorting station and a packaging station. The arraying and supplying station forcibly arrays and supplies encased products to orient their caps in one direction. The sorting station selectively sorts the arrayed encased products to a first feed path for feeding the encased products to package the encased products in a abreast-arrayed attitude and a second feed path for feeding the encased products to package the encased products in a tandem-arrayed attitude. The packaging station automatically packages the encased products by a shrink sheet in the abreast-arrayed attitude or the tandem-arrayed attitude.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a construction tool for laying out components of a structure.

Abstract: A portable drafting device and learning tool for laying out perspective drawing lines to enhance the realism of standard 30 degree base line isometric drawings and other similar drawings with different base line angles. The device comprises a rectangular drawing board including a plurality of holes disposed linearly in the upper corner portions thereof for pivotally mounting a plurality of articulated arm members in functional relationship with the drawing surface. The articulated arms comprise upper arm portions which are pivotally coupled to straight-edge members, each being disposed at approximately thirty degrees to horizontal. Upper arm portions are provided with a plurality of adjustment holes for alternate placement of pivot pins, or a slot to effect vertical adjustment of the articulated arms in relation to the drawing surface. Straight-edge members may be pivoted at varying angles in relation to upper arm members to enable selective adjustment of the desired vanishing point distance.

Abstract: A stadiometer for measuring height of a person to the nearest millimeter and sixteenth-of-an-inch has an upright rail movably supporting a slide carrying a height measuring arm. A scale on the rail is covered with a transparent shield connected to the slide. A line on the shield aligned with the arm is used to read the scale to provide height data of a person.

Abstract: A drafting apparatus comprising a drawing board having at least two opposite, parallel sides, and arcuate guide means, detachably coupled to the at least two opposite, parallel sides, for guiding a straight edge along a radial path during formation of radiating perspective lines.

Abstract: A drafting table includes vertical and horizontal straight edged supports together with drive mechanisms for moving the vertical straight edge such that it will always point to a viewing point and for moving the horizontal straight edges in plural different modes. In a first mode, the two horizontal straight edges are moved such that their edges always point to respective vanishing points. In a second mode the horizontal straight edges are moved such that one continues to point to a vanishing point while the other maintains a fixed angle with respect to horizontal, and so that their edges always intersect at a point along the line of view. The drive mechanisms for the horizontal straight edge supports can be disabled, reversed or their drive ratios changed in accordance with the particular drawing being made.

Abstract: A drafting instrument (14) is provided for drawing perspective lines without physically preestablishing and marking a vanishing point. A carriage (16) and drawing blade (18) are supported on roller means (20) for movement along a drawing surface. Control means (24) adjustably pivots the roller means such that each point along the drawing blade scribes an arc about a common point as the carriage moves. The drawing blade defines substantially parallel lines in perspective radiating substantially from the common point as a vanishing point as the carriage moves.

Abstract: A vernier device of the digital display type for a universal parallel ruler is disclosed comprising a slit protractor having slits arranged at the same visually readable protractor and a intervals as those intervals for the protractor graduations, the slit protractor being provided on one of a stationary portion and a rotatable portion of a scale operating head. A slit vernier protractor having slits at other intervals for vernier graduations is provided, the slit vernier protractor being provided on the other of the two portions of the operating head. An encoder consisting of photoconductive elements and corresponding light-emitting elements is provided with the slit protractor graduations and the slit vernier graduations interposed therebetween wherein a fine vernier angle is digitally displayed for reading on the basis of a signal representing a coincidence between a slit vernier graduation and a corresponding slit protractor graduation.

Abstract: A plotting device is disclosed containing a traveling carriage drawing apparatus and distance measuring devices in the traveling carriages which emit a number of electrical pulses which are proportional to the displacement of the traveling carriages and which are weighted with an adjustable scale factor, to be measured as coordinate values (x, y) of a basic Cartesian basic coordinate system. The measured coordinate values are transmissible to and recordable by indicator units located within the area of a traveling carriage. The basic coordinate system possesses a selectable, stationary zero point and fixed axis directions in the traveling direction of the traveling carriages.

Abstract: There is indicated a programmable braking device for the X guide block (18) and the Y guide block (30) of a drafting machine which comprises a brake band (42, 60) which is moved together with the considered guide block. The band revolves around guide pulleys (38, 40; 62, 64), which are arranged laterally outside the displacement path, and is lockable by an associated magnetic brake (44-58; 70-76). In a modified programmable braking device, the guide block (30) carrying the drafting head carries two direction brakes (130, 132) for the two co-ordinate directions. These brakes each comprise a freely running belt conveyor which is movable against the drawing surface in a friction grip.

Abstract: A drafting machine head in accordance with this invention is provided with a rotatable drawing ruler carrier whose angular position on a graduated circle is incrementally detected by means of scanning elements and is converted into displayable angular valves by an up/down counter, and with one or several electronic data stores, characterized in that it contains an electrically actuable locking unit (10, 11) for the rotary movement of the drawing ruler carrier (13), which unit is active in any angular position and is connected through an electronic comparator (25) to the data store or stores (23) in such a way that the valves detected on the graduated circle (12) and the valves contained in the data store (23) trigger the locking if they are in coincidence.By this means a drafting machine head is provided which can be set to a higher degree of accuracy and is less subject to wear than is known from the prior art.

Abstract: This invention relates to a perspective drawing machine and more particularly, to a machine which will keep track of a chosen vanishing point. This invention describes a mechanical machine in which the corrected voltage is computed on an external calculator or computer, which when found on the output potentiometer will result in the correct line pointing at the invisable vanishing point.

Abstract: The disclosed device is a combination of horizontally and vertically guided members which form an input area and an output area so that perspective views of objects in the input area are created in the output area by the projections of the visible points of the objects onto a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, along lines from the viewpoint. In the input area, a horizontally guided bar has a vertical guide therein. Two members are hinged together at a viewpoint or separately at viewpoint and modified viewpoint and the ends of the members which fall in the input area are slideably connected to the guide in the horizontally guided bar. One end of the member falls in the output area and is horizontally guided while the other end of the second member also falls in the output area and is vertically guided. An output bar system is connected to these ends to form an output point in the output area.

Abstract: A universal parallel ruler is disclosed. The head of the ruler includes preset stoppers which are adjustably positioned according the three axes of the three-dimensional drawing. There are three stoppers. One is stationary, and two are adjustable. The scale can be selectively set to the basic three axes by locking engagement with the preset stoppers. The stationary stopper corresponds to the vertical axis Y whereas the adjustable stoppers may be angularly set and correspond to the remaining (X and Y) axes. A locking piece may be engaged with or disengaged from the preset stoppers so that the scales may be engaged with the preset stoppers after the stoppers have been angularly set as desired. Also, the three preset stoppers may be fixably or adjustably mounted on the ruler's protractor so that the three axes of the three-dimensional drawing may be independently set.

Abstract: A Universal parallel ruler for use with three-dimensional drawings is disclosed which utilizes a pair of perpendicular scales individually secured to a mounting plate which is connected to a head portion. The head portion contains a plurality of preset stoppers which are angularly adjustable relative to the angular position of the respective axes of the three-dimensional drawing. Once each of the preset stoppers are angularly adjusted to their proper angular positions, clamp members secure each of the preset stoppers in position within the head portion. A locking piece is then utilized to disengage the head portion from one preset stopper allowing the head portion to be rotated to another preset stopper. Releasing the locking piece re-engages the head portion to another preset stopper and thus in alignment with another axis of the three-dimensional drawing.