Abstract: The disclosure concerns a signal aggregator component designed to couple with an antenna element to form an antenna system, wherein the resulting antenna system can achieve one-hundred percent or greater efficiency in receiving mode. In addition, the antenna system can achieve specific polarization and gain in different sectors of the antenna radiation pattern. The signal aggregator functions to dynamically enable or disable any number of its RF ports to select the RF input signal to aggregate.

Abstract: A power amplifier arrangement (200) for amplifying an input signal to produce an output signal comprises a plurality N of amplifier sections (212, 213), a first input transmission line (221) comprising multiple segments and a first output transmission line (231) comprising multiple segments. Each amplifier section comprises one or more first transistors (T1) distributed along the first input transmission line (221) and the first output transmission line (231). Each amplifier section is configured to amplify a portion of the input signal to produce a portion of the output signal. A portion of the input signal is one of N portions of the input signal partitioned on any one or a combination of an amplitude basis and a time basis. The output signal is produced at an end of the first output transmission line (231) by building up N potions of the output signal from each amplifier section.

Abstract: A distribution amplifier for a communication device such as a gateway is provided. The distribution amplifier can receive an input signal and provide multiple output signals. The distribution amplifier can have a transmission line that receives the input signal and multiple amplifier stages that are connected to the transmission line to receive the input signal. The output of the amplifier stages correspond to the output signals from the distribution amplifier. The transmission line has equally spaced connection points for the amplifier stages. The transmission line can be designed to have an impedance that results in the impedance of the transmission line with the connected amplifier stages having a final impedance that matches the input impedance to the transmission line.

Abstract: CRLH lines including left-handed shunt inductors and left-handed series capacitors are provided on gate side transmission lines of a plurality of FETs.

Abstract: A communication system communicates data elements on a conducting wire. In an embodiment, a sequence of data elements to be transmitted is electrically represented on a pair of terminals, and a transmission element located at a first portion of the conducting wire transmits the sequence in the form of a wave on a surface of the conducting wire. The transmission element includes a first conductor wrapped around the first portion of the conducting wire, a first insulator located between the first conductor and the first portion of the conducting wire, and a conductive structure disposed around the first conductor. The conductive structure has a narrow cross section at one end and extends outwardly to a broader cross section at the other end. A first terminal of the pair of terminals is electrically connected to the first conductor and the second terminal is electrically connected to the conductive structure.

Abstract: A high-frequency module includes a semiconductor chip device that is mounted on an external circuit substrate by wire bonding. A switch forming section, a power amplifier forming section and a low noise amplifier forming section, realized by a group of FETs, which are active elements, are formed in the semiconductor chip device. Flat plate electrodes, which form capacitors are formed in the semiconductor chip device. Conductor wires that connect the external circuit substrate and the semiconductor chip device function as inductors. A group of passive elements that includes inductors and capacitors is formed. As a result, a high-frequency module that can be reduced in size while still obtaining the required transmission characteristic is realized.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes an amplifier circuit group including multiple amplifier circuits, a distributing circuit that distributes an input signal to each of the multiple amplifier circuits, and a combining circuit that combines output signals from the multiple amplifier circuits. Each of the multiple amplifier circuits includes an amplifier transistor including multiple cell transistors having different sizes and bias circuits that supply bias current to the respective cell transistors.

Abstract: A tapped transmission line for distributing an electrical signal, such as an RF signal, to multiple modules, and/or aggregating signals from multiple modules. Embodiments of the invention provide a tapped transmission line based on a transmission-line medium along which tap elements are dispersed, so that the tap elements have a predominantly capacitive loading of the transmission-line medium. Methods for compensating the loss of the transmission-line medium are presented as well. Applications for distribution of transmitted signals, of local oscillator signals, and to aggregation of signals from multiple oscillators are disclosed. The invention is particularly applicable to integrated circuits (IC, ASIC, RFIC), and to multichannel RF systems such as phased array and MIMO systems.

Abstract: A multiple-stage amplifier includes a driver stage transistor characterized by a first power density, and a final stage transistor characterized by a second power density that is larger than the first power density. A first drain bias circuit is coupled to a first drain terminal of the driver stage transistor, and is configured to provide a first drain bias voltage to the first drain terminal. A second drain bias circuit is coupled to a second drain terminal of the final stage transistor, and is configured to provide a second drain bias voltage to the second drain terminal, where the second drain bias voltage equals the first drain bias voltage. An interstage impedance matching circuit is coupled between the first drain terminal and a gate terminal of the final stage transistor. The multiple-stage amplifier may be included in a Doherty power amplifier, a transceiver, and/or a transceiver array.

Abstract: An embodiment of a Doherty amplifier includes a module substrate, first and second surface-mount devices coupled to a top surface of the module substrate, and an impedance inverter line assembly. The first and second surface-mount devices include first and second amplifier dies, respectively. The impedance inverter line assembly is electrically connected between outputs of the first and second amplifier dies. The impedance inverter line assembly includes an impedance inverter line coupled to the module substrate, a first lead of the first surface-mount device coupled between the first amplifier die output and a proximal end of the impedance inverter line, and a second lead of the second surface-mount device coupled between the second amplifier die output and a distal end of the impedance inverter line. According to a further embodiment, the impedance inverter line assembly has a 90 degree electrical length at a fundamental operational frequency of the Doherty amplifier.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a signal splitter configured to receive an input signal for transmission and to split the input signal to form two or more sub-signals. The apparatus further includes a first amplifier configured to generate a first amplified sub-signal, a second amplifier configured to generate a second amplified sub-signal, a first launcher coupled to the first amplifier and to a waveguide, and a second launcher coupled to the second amplifier and to the waveguide. The first and second launchers are coupled to the waveguide such that a first radiative signal generated by the first launcher responsive to the first amplified sub-signal and a second radiative signal generated by the second launcher responsive to the second amplified sub-signal are combined in the waveguide to form a transmission signal corresponding to the input signal.

Abstract: A current reuse type FET amplifier according to the present invention has a capacitance provided between a drain of a first FET in a first stage and a gate of a second FET in a next stage, electrically separates a gate voltage of the second FET from a drain voltage of the first FET, and includes a control circuit controlling the gate voltage of the first FET and the gate voltage of the second FET so that a variation of a drain current of the second FET and a variation of a drain voltage of the first FET are reduced in accordance with a variation of a saturation current Idss of the FET. Furthermore, the current reuse type FET amplifier according to the present invention uses only a depression mode FET to provide a circuit configuration operable with a positive single power source.

Abstract: A splitter for use in an in-home network includes an input and a plurality of outputs including at least a first output and a second output. A split point is between the input and the plurality of outputs. A first resistor and a first capacitor are connected in series between the input and the split point. A second resistor and a second capacitor are connected in series between the split point and the first output. A third resistor and a third capacitor are connected in series between the split point and the second output. The input, the first output, and the second output form a resistive Wye-type splitter. A first path exists between the input and the first output. A second path exists between the input and the second output. The first path and the second path have a substantially equal series resistance, series impedance, insertion loss, and isolation.

Abstract: Systems and methods of use for a radial combiner. The radial combiner is made of a radial cavity defined by a top plate, a bottom plate, an outside wall connecting the top plate and the bottom plate, and an interior of the radial waveguide cavity located between the top plate, the bottom plate, and the outside wall with a substantially uniform height throughout. Inside the radial cavity are multiple monopole radiators, while outside the radial cavity multiple coaxial ports are mounted on one of the top plate or the bottom plate. Each of the coaxial ports are electrically connected to a corresponding monopole radiator inside the cavity. The radial combiner also contains a center conductor which is located in the center of the radial cavity, and transitions to a coaxial waveguide which is exterior to the cavity.

Abstract: An amplifier module that implements two or more amplifying units connected in series is disclosed. The amplifier module includes a package, input and output terminals, two or more amplifying units including the first unit and the final unit, an output bias terminal for supplying an output bias to one of amplifying units except for the final unit, and an input bias terminal for supplying an input bias to another one of the amplifying units except for the first unit. A feature of the amplifier module is that the output bias terminal and the input bias terminal are disposed in axial symmetry with respect to a reference axis connecting the input terminal with the output terminal in one side of the package.

Abstract: Spatial power-combining devices and antenna assemblies for spatial power-combining devices are disclosed. A spatial power-combining device may include an input coaxial waveguide section, an output coaxial waveguide section, and a center waveguide section. The center waveguide section may include an input center waveguide section, an output center waveguide section, and a core section. The core section may form an integral single component with an input inner housing of the input center waveguide section and an output inner housing of the output center waveguide section. Alternatively, the core section may be attached to the input inner housing and the output inner housing. The plurality of amplifiers may be registered with the core section. Antenna assemblies may include antennas with signal and ground conductors that are separated by air. Representative spatial power-combining devices may be designed with high efficiency, high or low frequency ranges, ultra-wide bandwidth operation, and high output power.

Abstract: A spatium amplifier includes a plurality of amplifiers connected between a pair of spatial couplers, each having a core member and a shell member forming an antenna. The core member includes a cylindrical core portion and a plurality of tapering core fins extending radially outwardly from the cylindrical core portion. The shell member includes a cylindrical shell portion and a plurality of tapering shell fins extending radially inwardly from the cylindrical shell portion to form a plurality of fin pairs. Each fin pair forms a tapering channel having a first channel height at a first end of the antenna and a second channel height larger than the first channel height at a second end of the antenna. Each of the plurality of amplifiers is electromagnetically coupled to a respective fin pair at the first end of each of the antennas.

Abstract: A low-noise amplifier in a receiver supporting a beam forming function may selectively change a phase shift for beam steering. The low-noise amplifier may include first and second transistors and a variable capacitance circuit connected to a gate of the second transistor. The variable capacitance circuit may selectively change capacitance thereof based on a capacitance control signal applied thereto according to beam-forming information, where the changed capacitance correspondingly causes a phase change in an output signal of the low-noise amplifier. A similar scheme may be employed for amplifiers in transmit signal paths to steer a transmit beam.

Abstract: Spatial power-combining devices and antenna assemblies for spatial power-combining devices are disclosed. A spatial power-combining device may include an input coaxial waveguide section, an output coaxial waveguide section, and a center waveguide section. The center waveguide section may include an input center waveguide section, an output center waveguide section, and a core section. The core section may form an integral single component with an input inner housing of the input center waveguide section and an output inner housing of the output center waveguide section. Alternatively, the core section may be attached to the input inner housing and the output inner housing. The plurality of amplifiers may be registered with the core section. Antenna assemblies may include antennas with signal and ground conductors that are separated by air. Representative spatial power-combining devices may be designed with high efficiency, high or low frequency ranges, ultra-wide bandwidth operation, and high output power.

Abstract: A spatium amplifier includes a plurality of amplifiers connected between a pair of spatial couplers, each having a core member and a shell member forming an antenna. The core member includes a cylindrical core portion and a plurality of tapering core fins extending radially outwardly from the cylindrical core portion. The shell member includes a cylindrical shell portion and a plurality of tapering shell fins extending radially inwardly from the cylindrical shell portion to form a plurality of fin pairs. Each fin pair forms a tapering channel having a first channel height at a first end of the antenna and a second channel height larger than the first channel height at a second end of the antenna. Each of the plurality of amplifiers is electromagnetically coupled to a respective fin pair at the first end of each of the antennas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high frequency amplifier unit comprising several amplifier modules to amplify high frequency input signals into high frequency output signals and a coaxial combiner having an outer conductor and an inner conductor arranged coaxially to this to combine the high frequency output signals of the amplifier modules, wherein the amplifier modules are arranged on the outside of the outer conductor of the coaxial combiner and the amplifier modules are connected to the coaxial inner conductor of the coaxial combiner to transmit the high frequency output signals to the coaxial combiner. The invention additionally relates to an amplifier system.

Abstract: An amplifier includes amplification stages connected in parallel between an input point and an output point and a feedback circuit, wherein the amplification stages each include a transistor configured to amplify a signal supplied from the input point, a harmonic processing unit configured to process harmonics present in an amplified signal output from an output node of the transistor, a connection point between the output node and the harmonic processing unit, and a transmission line connecting the connection point and the output point, wherein the feedback circuit feeds back a signal at the output point or a midway point of the transmission line of a given one of the amplification stages to a first end of a resistor connected to the connection point of the given one of the amplification stages, a second end of the resistor being connected to the connection point of another one of the amplification stages.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes an input terminal configured to receive a low voltage input signal, an output terminal configured to output a high voltage output signal, and a plurality of amplifiers stacked in series between a first voltage terminal and a second voltage terminal. Each of the amplifiers includes an input capacitor, an output capacitor, an input coupled to the input terminal through the input capacitor, an output coupled to the output terminal through the output capacitor, and a feedback element coupled between the input and the output of the amplifier.

Abstract: A distributed amplifier system constituted of: an input transmission line exhibit a plurality of sections; an output transmission line; an amplifier stage, an output of the amplifier stage coupled to the output transmission line and an input of the amplifier stage coupled to the input transmission line between a respective pair of the plurality of sections; a PIN diode coupled between a first end of the input transmission line and a common potential; and a circuitry coupled between a second end of the input transmission line and the common potential, the second end opposing the first end, such that there is a direct current (DC) flow through the first unidirectional electronic valve, the input transmission line and the circuitry.

Abstract: Spatial power-combining devices with increased output power are disclosed. A spatial power-combining device includes a plurality of amplifier assemblies and each of the amplifier assemblies includes a plurality of amplifiers separately coupled to a plurality of antennas. An amplifier assembly includes a first amplifier sub-assembly and a second amplifier sub-assembly. The first amplifier sub-assembly includes a first amplifier, a first input antenna structure coupled to the first amplifier, and a first output antenna structure coupled to the first amplifier. The second amplifier sub-assembly includes a second amplifier, a second input antenna structure coupled to the second amplifier, and a second output antenna structure coupled to the second amplifier.

Abstract: A power amplifying radiator is disclosed that includes an electric field receiver or radiofrequency (RF) energy coupling and impedance matching element, a capacitive coupler, a cavity combiner including a coaxial-cavity section providing electromagnetic communication with the capacitive coupler, and a phased-array antenna/one or more phased-array antennas. The RF energy coupling and impedance matching element is in electromagnetic communication with the one or more phased-array antennas via the cavity combiner. The cavity combiner includes a center conductor configured and disposed to project from the coaxial-cavity section such that the cavity combiner defines a co-axial cross-sectional configuration. The power amplifying radiator may be included within a high power microwave system.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes a two-dimensional matrix of N×M active cells formed by stacking main terminals of multiple active cells in series. The stacks are coupled in parallel to form the two-dimensional matrix. The power amplifier includes a driver structure to coordinate the driving of the active cells so that the effective output power of the two-dimensional matrix is approximately N×M the output power of each of the active cells.

Abstract: An RF power amplifier includes an input coupler including a first resistor and a first capacitor, an input phase difference network of the input coupler including a first input direct current (DC) bias injection network and a second capacitor connected in series with the first resistor. The second capacitor increases a bandwidth of the RF power amplifier. The RF power amplifier may further include a first power amplifier and a second power amplifier. The first input DC bias injection network provides power to the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier. The RF power amplifier includes a lateral dimension narrower than a lateral dimension of an RF power amplifier comprising bias circuitry on two opposing sides.

Abstract: Optical network units (ONUs) for high bandwidth connectivity, and related components and methods are disclosed. A fiber optical network ends at an ONU, which may communicate with a subscriber unit wirelessly at an extremely high frequency avoiding the need to bury cable on the property of the subscriber. In one embodiment, an optical network unit (ONU) is provided. The ONU comprises a fiber interface configured to communicate with a fiber network. The ONU further comprises an optical/electrical converter configured to receive optical downlink signals at a first frequency from the fiber network through the fiber interface and convert the optical downlink signals to electrical downlink signals. The ONU further comprises electrical circuitry configured to frequency convert electrical downlink signals to extremely high frequency (EHF) downlink signals at an EHF, and a wireless transceiver configured to transmit the EHF downlink signals to a proximate subscriber unit through an antenna.

Abstract: Provided is a load modulation amplifier including: a high frequency circuit board; and on the board, an input distribution circuit unit (DC) including: a distributor for dividing one input signal into two signals IS1 and IS2; and a phase delay circuit formed on a signal line for the divided IS2; a carrier amplifier (CA) including a first high frequency transistor for amplifying the IS1; a peak amplifier (PA) including a second high frequency transistor and for amplifying the IS2; and an output combination circuit (OCCU) including: a 90-degree phase delay circuit (90DC) formed on a signal line for output of the CA; a combiner for combining output of the 90DC and output of the PA; and an impedance conversion circuit for converting an output impedance of the combiner. The CA and the PA are directly connected to the OCCU without converting an output impedance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing an RF part of an antenna system is disclosed, as well as thereby producible RF parts. The RF part has at least one surface provided with a plurality of protruding elements. In particular, the RF part may be a gap waveguide. The protruding elements are monolithically formed and fixed on a conducting layer, and all protruding elements are connected electrically to each other at their bases via the conductive layer. The RF part is produced by providing a die having a plurality of recessions forming the negative of the protruding elements of the RF part. The die may be a multilayer die, having several layers, at least some having through-holes to form the recessions. A formable piece of material is arranged on the die, and pressure is applied, thereby compressing the formable piece of material to conform with the recessions of the die.

Abstract: High frequency heating device is provided with heater disposed adjacent to mount base on which object to be heated is mounted and having a plurality of surface wave transmission lines electrically isolated from each other, and first and second high frequency power generators, each of which generates high frequency power having different frequency. Surface wave transmission lines receive at least one of the high frequency power generated by first high frequency power generator and the high frequency power generated by second high frequency power generator. According to this aspect, interference between the high frequency powers is not occurred and electromagnetic field coupling is not occurred. As a result, in the high frequency heating device provided with the surface wave transmission line using a periodic structure, uneven baking caused by the electromagnetic field coupling can be suppressed, and a heating state of an object to be heated can be easily controlled.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for oscillation suppression of cascode power amplifiers are provided herein. In certain implementations, a power amplifier system includes a cascode power amplifier including a plurality of transconductance devices that operate in combination with a plurality of cascode devices to amplify a radio frequency input signal. The power amplifier system further includes a bias circuit that biases the plurality of cascode devices with two or more bias voltages that are decoupled from one another at radio frequency to thereby inhibit the cascode power amplifier from oscillating.

Abstract: A mm-wave antenna apparatus with beam steering function that includes: a Butler Matrix feeding network; a plurality of power combiners, each power combiner having one input and N outputs, configured to apply equal phase and power to a phase distributed output signal generated by the Butler Matrix feeding network and to generate N processed signals; and a plurality of millimeter wave switched beam planar antenna arrays having at least 1.5 GHz of bandwidth and located on a top low loss dielectric substrate, each antenna array of N elements, configured to obtain direct and narrow width beams from the N processed signals combined by each power combiner.

Abstract: A network including a current-mode transmitter configured to receive a first voltage and output a first current to a first node in accordance with a first control signal. A transmission line is configured to conduct a signal transmission between the first node and a second node, wherein the transmission line comprises an internal tapping point at a third node. A first transimpedance amplifier is configured to receive a second current from the second node and output a second voltage in accordance with a second control signal. Further; a second transimpedance amplifier is configured to receive a third current from the third node and output a third voltage in accordance with a third control signal.

Abstract: A cascode power cell for a power amplifier circuit includes a radio frequency signal input node, a radio frequency signal output node, and a plurality of sub-cells each including a first transistor having a collector coupled to the radio frequency signal output node, each of the plurality of sub-cells further including a second transistor having a collector coupled to an emitter of the first transistor at a connection node, and a base coupled to the radio frequency signal input node, the connection nodes for each of the plurality of sub-cells being electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a signal processing device for processing a differential signal from a sensor at a prescribed signal frequency, having a positive signal input (5-1), which is couplable to a positive sensor output of the sensor, and a negative signal input (6-1), which is couplable to a negative sensor output of the sensor, having a positive signal output (7-1) and having a negative signal output (8-1), having a first frequency-dependent resistance (C1H) between the positive signal input (5-1) and the positive signal output (7-1) and having a second frequency-dependent resistance (C1L) between the negative signal input (6-1) and the negative signal output (8-1), wherein the first and second frequency-dependent resistances (C1H, C1L) are designed to allow electrical signals at the prescribed signal frequency to pass in approximately unattenuated fashion, having a first voltage divider (11), which is arranged at least in part in parallel with the first frequency-dependent resistance (C1H) and is

Abstract: A two-way microwave power divider (the “power divider”) may include an input port and two output ports. The power divider may also include a junction that is configured to split a feedline from the input port into a first transmission line and a second transmission line. One or more resistors may be placed along the first transmission line and the second transmission line to provide isolation between the two output ports.

Abstract: A power amplification device, including a first amplification branch, a second amplification branch, a harmonic injection circuit, and a first output matching circuit. A first amplifier in the first amplification branch supports a first frequency. A second amplifier in the second amplification branch supports the first frequency and a second frequency, and the second amplifier is turned off for a signal of the first frequency that has a power value lower than an enabling threshold. The harmonic injection circuit injects a signal of the second frequency that is input from a second input terminal (I2) to a signal of the first frequency that is input from a first input terminal (I1) to obtain a signal of the first frequency that has undergone harmonic injection.

Abstract: A multi-way power amplifier circuit includes two baluns and a number (2×N) of differential power amplifiers, where N?2. Each balun generates a number (N) of corresponding differential intermediate signal pairs based on a respective to-be-amplified signal. Each differential power amplifier generates a respective differential amplified signal pair based on a respective differential intermediate signal pair. One of the baluns includes: a first transmission line and a second transmission line connected to each other; a number (N) of third transmission lines electromagnetically coupled to the first transmission line; and a number (N) of fourth transmission lines electromagnetically coupled to the second transmission line.

Abstract: Described herein are radio-frequency (RF) modules that include shielding for improved RF performance. The RF modules including a packaging substrate with a receiving system implemented thereon. The RF module includes a shield implemented to provide RF shielding for at least a portion of the receiving system. The receiving system can include any combination of pre-amplifier or post-amplifier bandpass filters, amplifiers, switching networks, impedance matching components, phase-shifting components, input multiplexers, and output multiplexers. The shielding can include a conductive layer within a conformal shielding on an upper side and side walls of the RF module. The shielding can be an overmold formed over the packaging substrate. The conductive layer can be connected to one or more ground planes. The packaging substrate can include contact features on an underside of the substrate for mounting an underside component.

Abstract: A distributed amplifier includes an input transmission circuit, an output transmission circuit, at least one cascode amplifier coupled between said input and output transmission circuits. Each cascode amplifier includes a first common-gate configured transistor coupled to the output transmission circuit, a common-source configured transistor coupled between the input transmission circuit and the common-gate configured transistor, and a second common-gate configured transistor coupled between the first common-gate configured transistor and common-source configured transistor.

Abstract: Spatial power-combining devices having amplifier connectors are disclosed. A spatial power-combining device structure includes a plate including a first face, a second face that opposes the first face, an exterior surface between the first face and the second face, and a plurality of amplifier connectors accessible at the exterior surface. A waveguide assembly is coupled to the plate at the first face, the waveguide assembly including an inner housing including a plurality of antenna signal conductors and an outer housing including a plurality of antenna ground conductors. A coaxial waveguide section is coupled to the waveguide assembly. The plurality of amplifier connectors may be radially arranged in the plate. A plurality of amplifier modules are on the exterior surface and coupled to corresponding ones of the plurality of amplifier connectors.

Abstract: An amplifier with switchable and tunable harmonic terminations and a variable impedance matching network is presented. The amplifier can adapt to different modes and different frequency bands of operation by appropriate switching and/or tuning of the harmonic terminations and/or the variable impedance matching network.

Abstract: Optical network units (ONUs) for high bandwidth connectivity, and related components and methods are disclosed. A fiber optical network ends at an ONU, which may communicate with a subscriber unit wirelessly at an extremely high frequency avoiding the need to bury cable on the property of the subscriber. In one embodiment, an optical network unit (ONU) is provided. The ONU comprises a fiber interface configured to communicate with a fiber network. The ONU further comprises an optical/electrical converter configured to receive optical downlink signals at a first frequency from the fiber network through the fiber interface and convert the optical downlink signals to electrical downlink signals. The ONU further comprises electrical circuitry configured to frequency convert electrical downlink signals to extremely high frequency (EHF) downlink signals at an EHF, and a wireless transceiver configured to transmit the EHF downlink signals to a proximate subscriber unit through an antenna.

Abstract: A two-stage amplifier of a type of the current re-use configuration is disclosed. The amplifier includes first to third transistors, where the first transistor constitute the first stage, while, the latter two transistors constitute the second stance. The first to third transistors are connected in series between a power supply and ground such that a bias current supplied to the third transistor flows in the second and first transistors. The first transistor in the source thereof is grounded in the DC mode. The second transistor is grounded in the AC mode but floated in the DC mode. The third transistor that outputs an amplified signal is connected in parallel in the AC mode but in series in the DC mode with respect to the second transistor.

Abstract: Solder bumps are placed in direct contact with the silicon substrate of an amplifier integrated circuit having a flip chip configuration. A plurality of amplifier transistor arrays generate waste heat that promotes thermal run away of the amplifier if not directed out of the integrated circuit. The waste heat flows through the thermally conductive silicon substrate and out the solder bump to a heat-sinking plane of an interposer connected to the amplifier integrated circuit via the solder bumps.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to a compact bypass and decoupling structure that can be used in a millimeter-wave radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). For example, according to various aspects, an RFIC incorporating the compact bypass and decoupling structure may comprise a grounded substrate, a mid-metal ground plane, a bypass capacitor disposed between the grounded substrate and the mid-metal ground plane, and a decoupling inductor disposed over the mid-metal ground plane. The bypass capacitor may close a current loop in the RFIC and the decoupling inductor may provide damping in a supply network associated with the RFIC. Furthermore, the decoupling conductor may have a self-resonance substantially close to an operating band associated with the RFIC to increase series isolation, introduce substrate losses that facilitate the damping in the supply network, and prevent high-Q resonances.

Abstract: A microwave-frequency source at frequency fM comprises: a dual optical-frequency reference source, an electro-optic sideband generator, an optical bandpass filter, an optical detector, a reference oscillator, an electrical circuit, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The sideband generator modulates dual optical reference signals at v2 and v1 to generate sideband signals at v1±n1fM and v2±n2fM. The bandpass filter transmits sideband signals at v1+N1fM and v2?N2fM. The optical detector generates a beat note at (v2?N2fM)?(v1+N1fM). The beat note and a reference oscillator signal are processed by the circuit to generate a loop-filtered error signal to input to the VCO. Output of the VCO at fM drives the sideband generator and forms the microwave-frequency output signal. The resultant frequency division results in reduced phase noise on the microwave-frequency signal.

Abstract: A spatium amplifier includes a plurality of amplifiers connected between a pair of spatial couplers, each having a core member and a shell member forming an antenna. The core member includes a cylindrical core portion and a plurality of tapering core fins extending radially outwardly from the cylindrical core portion. The shell member includes a cylindrical shell portion and a plurality of tapering shell fins extending radially inwardly from the cylindrical shell portion to form a plurality of fin pairs. Each fin pair forms a tapering channel having a first channel height at a first end of the antenna and a second channel height larger than the first channel height at a second end of the antenna. Each of the plurality of amplifiers is electromagnetically coupled to a respective fin pair at the first end of each of the antennas.