Abstract: An amplifying apparatus includes a magneto-resistive device which has a magnetic free layer, a magnetic pinned layer having a magnetic moment larger than that of the magnetic free layer, and an intermediate layer provided in between the magnetic free layer and the magnetic pinned layer. The amplifying apparatus has a first electrode layer provided in a magnetic free layer side of the magneto-resistive device, and a second electrode layer provided in a magnetic pinned layer side of the magneto-resistive device. The amplifying apparatus further includes a direct-current bias power-source for applying a direct-current bias to the magneto-resistive device, and a load resistor. The amplifying apparatus continually causes the change of a magnetization direction of the magnetic free layer to make the magneto-resistive device show negative resistance, and thereby amplifies an input signal.

Abstract: An Improved Signal Receiver Having Wide Band Amplification Capability is disclosed. Also disclosed is a receiver that is able to receive and reliably amplify infrared and/or other wireless signals having frequency bandwidths in excess of 40 MHz. The receiver of the present invention reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal to ?th of the prior systems. The preferred receiver eliminates both the shunting resistor and the feedback resistor on the input end by amplifing the signal in current form. Furthermore, the receiver includes transconductance amplification means for amplifying the current signal without the need for Cascode stages. Finally, the receiver includes staged amplification to amplify the current signal in stages prior to converting the signal into a voltage output.

Abstract: An arrangement for reading out an information signal from a magnetic record carrier. The arrangement includes a read head having a magneto-resistive (MR) element (R.sub.m1) with a first terminal (3) connected to a first point (13) of constant potential, and a second terminal (4); a bias-current generator (2) having an output (5) for supplying a bias-current to the MR element; and an amplifier circuit (1) having a first terminal (6) coupled to the output (5) of the bias-current generator (2), and a second terminal (7) coupled to the second terminal (4) of the magneto-resistive element (R.sub.m1) so as to form a series arrangement of the bias-current generator, the amplifier circuit and the magneto-resistive element. At an output terminal (8), the information signal is available. The amplifier circuit (1) includes a MOS transistor T.sub.1 coupled between the output terminal (8) and the second terminal (7), and a feedback circuit, including a resistor (R.sub.1) and a capacitor (C.sub.

Abstract: An ultrasonic measuring device that is especially suited to nondestructive testing of materials is fitted with an ultrasound test head 72, a transmitter (74) and a receiver (76) that is characterized by a broadband logarithmic amplifier (78). This amplifier consists of several amplifier stages that are identical in construction and connected in series. Each amplification stage is characterized by the fact that it contains two transistorized individual amplifiers, namely a first and a second differential amplifier that are connected to one another and whose transistors (20, 22; 24, 26) are each interconnected at their base and at their collector. Each of these transmitters is connected at the emitters via inverse feedback resistors (34, 36; 40, 42) to a constant-current source (46, 50).