Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A short slot directional coupler includes a dielectric substrate having both surfaces each covered by a metal film, a first via-hole string and a second via-hole string, each of which has via-holes penetrating through the substrate, and formed so that a distance between the first via-hole string and the second via-hole string is narrow at a center of a length direction of the string and wider along directions of both ends of the string, and a pair of third via-hole strings each having via-holes penetrating through the substrate, and formed between parts adjacent to both ends of the first via-hole string and parts adjacent to both ends of the second via-hole string to form a first post-wall waveguide along with the first via-hole string and a second post-wall waveguide along with the second via-hole string.

Abstract: A compact, high speed, miniaturized adaptive controller for a microwave power generator. A pair of directional couplers are arranged between a microwave source and a circulator to measure forward and reverse power. An electromagnet in the circulator may be controlled in response to a VSWR calculation. In some arrangements, the directional couplers may be loop-type directional couplers that are integrated into a waveguide magnetron launching assembly. The directional couplers may use a tapered coaxial line that presents an impedance that reduces along the length thereof. This enhances the directivity of the loop coupler and improves performance of the controller.

Abstract: A waveguide for use in apparatus for receiving transmitted data signals is provided. The waveguide includes first, second and third channels with the received data entering the first channel and components of the received data, signals being selectively deflected from the first channel into the second or third channels. The form of the components depends on whether the data signals have circular or linear polarity. The components leave the waveguide in substantially the same phase as which they entered the waveguide thereby allowing the same to be subsequently processed. The provision of the waveguide allows the receiving apparatus to be used to receive data signals with either circular and/or linear polarity and be subsequently processed.

Abstract: A waveguide correlation unit and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The waveguide correlation unit includes stacked first and second waveguide plates having an identical configuration, wherein a central coupling plate is disposed therebetween. Due to the identical configuration of the first and second waveguide plates, mechanical uncertainties may significantly be reduced, since both plates may be formed in a common process without the repositioning activities during the manufacturing process.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A hollow waveguide directional coupler comprises two hollow waveguide sections that are coupled to each other by a plurality of coupling openings formed in a wall extending between the hollow waveguide sections. Two adjacent coupling openings have a distance of 3?g/4. from each other, ?g being the wavelength of the nominal center frequency of the operating frequency range of the directional coupler.

Abstract: An LSE mode, which is a parasitic mode, can be effectively suppressed by a simple structure, and a reduction in size and weight can be thereby facilitated. Further, a metal body 3 is arranged in the vicinity of a dielectric waveguide 1 of an NRD guide to suppress the LSE mode, the NRD guide being configured to propagate electromagnetic waves through the dielectric waveguide 1 which is sandwiched between parallel conductor plates with a gap of less than a ½ wavelength. This metal body 3 has an arbitrary shape, and may have a discoid shape, an elliptic shape or a prismatic shape. Furthermore, an even distance d is maintained between the metal body 3 and the dielectric waveguide 1, and a phase constant difference can be suppressed by changing this distance d.

Abstract: In one implementation, a method is provided for an image guide coupler. The method includes controlling a coupling between adjacent waveguides of a propagating wave by controlling a coupling through at least one field pick up probe positioned next to the adjacent waveguides. In some implementations, controlling the coupling through the at least one field pick up probe includes using a series connected switch. In some implementations, the method includes controlling the coupling through the at least one field pick up probe using a pin diode, a transistor, a MEMS switch, or a varactor, in series with the at least one field pick up probe.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a first conducting strip having a narrowed width where the first conducting strip also acts as a first electrode for a first tapping capacitance. The first tapping capacitance has a second electrode that is: 1) parallel to the first conducting strip; and 2) closer to the first conducting strip than a second conducting strip. The second conducting strip is parallel to the first conducting strip and has a narrowed width where the second conducting strip also acts as a first electrode for a second tapping capacitance. The second tapping capacitance has a second electrode that is: 1) parallel to the second conducting strip; and 2) closer to the second conducting strip than the first conducting strip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a frequency dispersive antenna comprising radiating waveguides divided into three legs. The indirect angle between the first and second leg is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees, the direct angle between the second and third leg being greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. The antenna comprises a feed waveguide comprising a stack of elements divided into three adjacent legs, the direct angle between the first and second leg being greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees, the indirect angle between the second and third leg being greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. In particular, the invention applies to an airborne antenna suitable for the detection and for the pinpointing of meteorological phenomena.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an image guide coupler switch is provided having a dielectric image guide coupler with a coupling control circuit. In this embodiment the coupling control circuit has at least one field pick up probe which extends at least part way across the image guide coupler. A switch is connected in series with the at least one field pick up probe. An optional capacitor my be provided in series with the series with the switch. In some embodiments, a pair of field pick up probes is provided, with the switch being connected in series with and between the pair of field pick up probes. Some embodiments may have multiple pairs of field pick up probes, each having a switch connected in series with a pair of field pick up probes. An optional capacitor may be provided in series with the pair of field pick up probes.

Abstract: A pulse modulator includes a circulator which comprises: two ferrite plates; a plurality of mode suppressors for transmitting therethrough an LSM mode electromagnetic wave while shutting off an LSE mode electromagnetic wave; and an impedance matching member mounted on one end face of each of the mode suppressors, wherein a pulse modulation switch having a Schottky barrier diode is mounted on the other end face of any one of the mode suppressors in such a manner that the direction of application of a bias voltage to the Schottky barrier diode coincides with the direction of electric field of the LSM mode electromagnetic wave, and wherein the distance from an edge of the ferrite plates to the Schottky barrier diode is set approximately equal to n?/2. Herein, n is an integer not smaller than 1, and ? is the wavelength of the high frequency signal.

Abstract: A dictionary coupler using a non-radiative dielectric waveguide is disclosed. Particularly, a millimeter wave band non-radiative dielectric waveguide directional coupler using a multiple-hole structure in which two parallel NRD waveguides located between upper and lower conductive plates and a conductive plate having a multiple-hole structure is inserted between two NRD waveguides to couple electric and magnetic waves of an electric field component or a magnetic field component is provided.

Abstract: A cutoff waveguide path is provided in a part of a dielectric waveguide comprising a pair of main conductive layers formed on an upper and a lower surfaces of a dielectric and groups of conductive vias arranged in the direction of signal transmission with a space of a distance less than ½ of a signal wavelength between the conductive vias, and provided in the cutoff waveguide path is a resonator having dielectric vias formed of a dielectric having a higher dielectric constant than that of a dielectric forming the dielectric waveguide. With this construction, a dielectric waveguide type filter easily designed and manufactured can be obtained.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A compact inline waveguide power divider is provided that comprises a primary waveguide in communication with two parallel waveguides. The two parallel waveguides are stacked on top of one another and each parallel waveguide further comprises an output port. Accordingly, an input signal is transmitted through the primary waveguide and split between the two parallel waveguides. A resistive slot is formed in each of the parallel waveguides, thereby increasing output port isolation through dissipation of reflected power from one output port to the other. Further, a stepped or tapered impedance transformation is applied in each parallel waveguide to provide wide band frequency matching. Alternately, the primary waveguide and the parallel waveguides may be configured as a waveguide power combiner rather than a divider, wherein the parallel waveguides comprise input ports and the primary waveguide comprises an output port.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a connection structure for connecting the dielectric strip of an NRD guide with a metal waveguide, in which the conversion loss (connection loss) for high-frequency signals is reduced, and in which the NRD guide as well as the millimeter wave integrated circuit in which the NRD guide is incorporated can be made smaller. A non-radiative dielectric waveguide is made by arranging a dielectric strip for propagating high-frequency signals between parallel planar conductors arranged at a spacing of not more than half the wavelength of a high-frequency signal, a conductive member being arranged at an end face of a terminal end of the dielectric strip. An aperture is formed in at least one of the parallel planar conductors at a location where the electrical field of an LSM mode stationary wave propagating along the dielectric strip becomes largest. An open terminal end of a metal waveguide is connected to this aperture.

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: A directional coupler for microwave cavities is used to guide microwave signal power in both directions. The directional coupler contains a first carrier and a second carrier overlapped with each other, a metal line (such as a micro strip line) between the first and second carriers, a signal connector between both ends of the micro strip line, and a metal shell. The first and second carriers and the micro strip line are made using the print board technology. A copper foil is formed on the circuit board surface of the first carrier to form metal lines (such as micro strip lines). The circuit board surfaces of the first and second carriers are coated with a metal shell by electroplating means. A microwave cavity directional coupler with a simple structure and manufacturing process is thus achieved.

Abstract: A directional coupler for microwave cavities is used to guide microwave signal power in both directions. The directional coupler contains a first carrier and a second carrier overlapped with each other, a metal line (such as a micro strip line) between the first and second carriers, a signal connector between both ends of the micro strip line, and a metal shell. The first and second carriers and the micro strip line are made using the print board technology. A copper foil is formed on the circuit board surface of the first carrier to form metal lines (such as micro strip lines). The circuit board surfaces of the first and second carriers are coated with a metal shell by electroplating means. A microwave cavity directional coupler with a simple structure and manufacturing process is thus achieved.

Abstract: The present invention combines several features to create a novel type of optical telecommunications switching component using microwave waveguides as opposed to the usual methods employing light deflection or digital signal processing. Some of the components of the device include: (1) an optical crossconnect (OXC) which allows any combination of wavelengths to be added or dropped from an element to an optical network, (2) an optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) which allows any wavelength to be converted to any other, (3) a microwave crossbar switch array optimized for this purpose, and (4) a means for reshaping the exiting signal from the microwave crosspoint switch array without regard to signal format and without need for complex and expensive digital signal processing. The minimal architecture for this functionality is shown to be three N×N microwave crossbar switch arrays.

Abstract: A directional coupler includes two non-radiative dielectric lines, each formed by a dielectric strip between flat conductive surfaces placed substantially parallel to each other, such that the two non-radiative dielectric lines are close to each other. The main transmission mode of electromagnetic waves at the frequency used is an LSE mode, the electromagnetic waves being propagated in the non-radiative dielectric lines. Therefore, the insertion loss due to mode switching in the coupling portion of the primary line and the secondary line which form the directional coupler can be reduced, and leakage of the electromagnetic waves from the gap between the primary line and the secondary line of the directional coupler when they are separated from each other can be suppressed.

Abstract: A redundant microwave system operable to process a microwave signal propagating in a microwave cavity includes a microwave cavity and two microwave processing devices. Each microwave processing device has a transmissive impedance when it is on and a reflective impedance when it is off. There is a separate coupling probe extending from each of the microwave processing devices to locations within the microwave cavity. When a primary one of the microwave processing devices is switched on and the redundant microwave processing device is switched off, its coupling probe reflects energy so that almost all of the energy flows through the primary microwave processing device. If the primary microwave processing device fails and is switched off, its coupling probe reflects energy so that almost all energy flows through the redundant device. No separate active switching device or circuit is used.

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: A coupler includes one or more conductors and a support structure for the conductors within the coupler. The conductors are inserted through oblong holes in the support structure while the support structure is in an assembling position. When the support structure is tilted from the assembling position to a securing position, which is in a direction away from normal to a longitudinal axis of the conductors, the external surfaces of the conductors are engaged by the support structure at the oblong holes. Typically, a removable cover of the coupler exerts a downward force, which deflects opposite outer edges of the support structure to maintain the support structure in the securing position. The spacing between the conductors is maintained substantially constant over time, temperature, and handling while the support structure is in the securing position.

Abstract: A directional coupler includes two non-radiative dielectric lines, each formed by a dielectric strip between flat conductive surfaces placed substantially parallel to each other, such that the two non-radiative dielectric lines are close to each other. The main transmission mode of electromagnetic waves at the frequency used is an LSE mode, the electromagnetic waves being propagated in the non-radiative dielectric lines. Therefore, the insertion loss due to mode switching in the coupling portion of the primary line and the secondary line which form the directional coupler can be reduced, and leakage of the electromagnetic waves from the gap between the primary line and the secondary line of the directional coupler when they are separated from each other can be suppressed.

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna source transmitting and receiving polarized microwaves, the source including a transducer for separating the transmission signals from the reception signals, the frequencies of the transmission signals being different from the frequencies of the reception signals. The connection between the transducer and the radiating element of the antenna is such that it maintains the polarization states of the signal received by the radiating element and of the signal transmitted to said radiating element. The transducer comprises a square-section waveguide, one end of which is connected to the radiating element, the other end being connected to the transmission path, the received signals being conveyed by the side faces of the waveguide. This source makes it possible to transmit and to receive in the enlarged C band, i.e. 3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHz on reception, and 5.85 GHz to 6.65 GHz on transmission.

Abstract: A non-radiative dielectric waveguide coupler for coupling or dividing high-frequency signals between at least two dielectric waveguides arranged maintaining a predetermined gap between a pair of parallel flat conductors, wherein said two dielectric waveguides are connected to each other through a bridge of a dielectric material. Upon joining the two dielectric waveguides through the bridge, the gap between the two dielectric waveguides, that affects the characteristics of the coupler, is set maintaining a high precision without effecting any particular positioning operation. Therefore, the coupler can be mass-produced very favorably. Besides, the gap between the two dielectric waveguides is stably maintained without being varied during the production of the coupler or during the use of the coupler, contributing to improving the reliability of the coupler.

Abstract: A normal NRD guide is constituted in the part to be coupled with a dielectric resonator, a hyper NRD guide for simply transmitting the LSM01 mode is constituted in a multipoints circulator part, the normal NRD guide is constituted in a coupler part, the hyper NRD guide is constituted in the mixer part, and the normal NRD guides are constituted in a dielectric line switch part and in a connection unit between components.

Abstract: A simply made and very broad band directional coupler includes a hollow middle section (CS) provided with an empty interaction space having two ends, one pair of hollow guides (H1, H3) coupled to one end of the interaction space, another pair of hollow guides coupled to another end of the interaction space and a coupler diaphragm (KB1, KB2, KB3, KB4) provided between the interaction space (KR) and each individual hollow guide coupled to it. Higher wave types (are consisting of TE11 and TM11 modes) propagated in the interaction space (KR) as well as a fundamental wave type (TE 10). Furthermore a height (h) of the interaction space is at least 2.5 times the smallest height (b) of a coupling diaphragm (KB1, KB2, KB3, KB4) so that a comparatively broad band directional coupler results.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electric device comprising two electric terminals, a button mechanism having a push button that can depressed to toggle between "on" and "off" statuses, and a conductive reed that conducts electric current between the two electric terminals when connected and disables the passage of current when disconnected. When the button is set "on", a reserve space exists between the reed and the button for the reed to spring upward without pushing the button upward. When the current passing through the reed exceeds a predetermined current level, the reed will become heated and spring upward and rest in the reserve space so as to electrically disconnect the two electric terminals.

Abstract: A module equipped with a non-radiative dielectric waveguide in accordance with this invention comprises a pair of parallel flat conductors arranged at a space of 1/2 or below of a high frequency signal wavelength .lambda. and a dielectric strip extending between these parallel flat conductors. This dielectric strip is formed from a cordierite ceramic having a dielectric constant of 4.5 to 8, especially 4.5 to 6. Conversion of an electromagnetic wave of LSM mode to an electromagnetic wave of LSE is minimal. When the module has a dielectric strip having a steep curved portion having a small radius of curvature, the transmission is possible with a low loss, and the band width of a high frequency signal is broad.

Abstract: A redundancy combiner assembly has two amplifiers connected in parallel along a waveguide path to a hybrid. The hybrid is connected through a transfer switch to an antenna. The hybrid contains a movable coupling plate. The coupling plate has a coupling array to allow combining of signals of the amplifiers in one position. When one of the amplifiers fails, the coupling plate is replaced by a metal wall and the output from the failed amplifier is directed by the switch to a dump load while the output from the operating amplifier is directed to the antenna. The assembly is controlled by a controller, which monitors the amplifiers and controls the movement of the coupling plate and the switch.

Abstract: The ease of mounting a circuit board on a nonradiative dielectric line is improved, the degree of freedom of conductor film patterns formed on the circuit board is increased, and the degree of integration can be easily increased to fit within a small size. Dielectric strips are provided between the two conductor plates positioned in parallel to each other, and a circuit board is positioned parallel to the conductor plates. The conductor patterns on the circuit board and the transmission waves of the nonradiative dielectric line are electromagnetically coupled to each other.

Abstract: A dielectric-line component (such as an oscillator or circulator) has a dielectric strip between a pair of electrically conductive flat-plates. The component is to be combined with another dielectric-line component which also has dielectric strips between a pair of conductive plates. When these components are assembled, a pair of conductive plates of the respective two components opposedly face each other at a first position, while the other pair of conductive plates of the respective two components opposedly face each other at a second position. The first and second positions are displaced from each other in the vertical direction and in the length direction in relation to the conductive plates. Further, the opposing faces of the dielectric strips of the two components are positioned in an area defined by the first and second positions, either between the first and second positions or at one of the first and second positions, for example.

Abstract: A wavegide hybrid junction includes a coupling section, a coupling hole, and an external cavity resonator. The coupling section is formed by removing by a predetermined length part of a common narrow side wall for isolating two rectangular waveguides. The coupling hole is formed in the upper wall of a waveguide so as to communicate with the coupling section. The external cavity resonator externally cover the coupling hole.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing an antenna feed (10) operative at different microwave frequency bands employ a circular waveguide (14) interconnecting an orthomode transducer (20) to a feed horn (16) thereby providing a feed (10) suitable for illuminating the reflector (54) of an antenna (12). The orthomode transducer provides for a coupling of waves in the first frequency band with both vertical and horizontally polarized waves. Included within the feed is a coupler assembly (26) of waves of the second frequency band operative via a sidewall of the circular waveguide. The coupler assembly includes plural identical coupling sections (28) each having a rectangular waveguide section contiguous and parallel to the circular waveguide with a row of apertures for coupling power into and out of the circular waveguide. Pairs of the coupling sections are disposed in orthogonal planes so as to introduce two linearly polarized waves which are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: The ease of mounting a circuit board on a nonradiative dielectric line is improved, the degree of freedom of conductor film patterns formed on the circuit board is increased, and the degree of integration can be easily increased to fit within a small size. Dielectric strips are provided between the two conductor plates positioned in parallel to each other, and a circuit board is positioned parallel to the conductor plates. The conductor patterns on the circuit board and the transmission waves of the nonradiative dielectric line are electromagnetically coupled to each other.

Abstract: A travelling wave coupler autotracking system 10 controls the pointing of an antenna aboard an orbiting satellite by generating tracking signals covering a wideband frequency. The system 10 comprises a waveguide manifold 22 for exciting circular TE.sub.11 and TM.sub.01 modes covering a wideband frequency range, coupling arm waveguides 24, 26 for propagating signals having a phase velocity of TE.sub.10 mode that is the same as the phase velocity of TM.sub.01 mode, and couplers 30 for transforming microwave energy of the TM.sub.01 mode of the circularly polarized microwave signals into TE.sub.10 modes in the coupling waveguide. The system 10 can further comprise 180.degree.-hybrid 20 for combining the TE.sub.10 modes in the coupling waveguides in phase and for generating one or more error signals at different frequencies.

Abstract: An active reception antenna with a coplanar waveguide having a high actual gain in the frequency band as broad as 100% or larger of the central frequency. The reception active antenna with a coplanar waveguide has: a pair of coplanar waveguide functioning as a feeder, the coplanar waveguide including a center conductor and two ground conductors printed on one surface of a dielectric film; and an antenna element conductor connected to the coplanar waveguide, the antenna element conductor being printed on the surface of the dielectric film, wherein the feed points of the antenna element conductor are disposed near the ends of the feeder, an active circuit including a field effect transistor is mounted between the feed points and the ends of the feeder, the impedance of the antenna element conductor and the feeder is matched together, and a signal received by the antenna element conductor is amplified and supplied to the feeder.

Abstract: A novel planar variable power divider, using waveguide technology, includes two hybrids and two variable phase shifters. The variable power divider includes a variable phase shifter based on a 3 dB hybrid circuit terminated by two sliding non-contacting moveable short circuits. The differential phase spreading of the phase shifter has been reduced to less than one-sixth of typical transmission line dispersion by the compensating short terminations. As a consequence, electrical performance achievable over a 16% bandwidth is significantly improved with respect to heretofore-known variable power dividers. The variable power divider also provides for planar integration, wideband performance, medium-high power handling capabilities and low loss.

Abstract: A mode coupler for vertically polarized modes comprises a first waveguide (32) having a relatively small rectangular cross-section and a second waveguide (22) having a relatively large rectangular cross-section. The first small cross-section waveguide has a wall (300) formed in common with a portion (400) of a wall (200) of the second large cross-section waveguide. The common wall portion contains a series of circular apertures (202) extending in a longitudinal direction of both waveguides. The centers of the apertures are displaced a first distance (.tau..sub.1) from a center line of a wall of the first waveguide and a second distance (.tau..sub.2) from a center line of the wall of the second waveguide. In this case, a fundamental TE.sub.01S mode of the first waveguide is in phase synchronism and couples equally to the two degenerate TE.sub.11L and TM.sub.11L higher order vertically polarized modes of the second waveguide.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a traveling wave coupler generates tracking signals from a circularly polarized microwave signal and includes a waveguide manifold for exciting circular TM.sub.01 and TM.sub.11 modes of said circularly polarized microwave signal. The waveguide manifold includes an input port, a propagation length, and an output port. A coupling arm waveguide includes an auxiliary input port and an auxiliary output port and is aligned and connected to the waveguide manifold along a portion of the propagation length. A coupler located between the waveguide manifold and the coupling arm transforms microwave energy of a TM.sub.01 mode of the circularly polarized microwave signal into a rectangular TE.sub.10 mode in the coupling arm waveguide. The coupling arm waveguide and the coupler generate a difference signal, used to generate the tracking signals, at the auxiliary output port related to the coupled TE.sub.10 mode.

Abstract: A TE.sub.21 coupler having at least two auxiliary rectangular waveguides asymmetrically disposed around the center line of a TE.sub.21 circular waveguide, the waveguides sharing common walls in which coupling slots are disposed, the slots providing for rectangular TE.sub.10 mode propagation coupling to orthogonally aligned TE.sub.21 modes in the circular waveguide.

Abstract: The invention is a mode converter and power splitter device for electron tubes, particularly gyrotrons and tubes of similar categories. These tubes have an output cavity 2, which is a circular form about a centerline, and a hollow electron beam 1 which propagates along the same centerline. The device complying with the invention is a structure which comprises secondary wave guides 6, symmetrical in azimuth around the same centerline as the outlet cavity, each guide 6 containing coupling apertures 7 on its outer wall (that furthest from the centerline), these apertures 7 being arranged to excite a given mode in the guide. One important embodiment of the invention is that the electron tube operates in a TE.sub.m,n mode with a high azimuth index m and the number of secondary guides 1=m. Another important embodiment of the invention is that secondary guides 6 are trapezoidal in section. Another important embodiment of the invention is that secondary guides 6 are excited in the fundamental mode.

Abstract: A zero-dB hybrid or directional coupler includes a first through waveguide extending between first and third ports and a second through waveguide, parallel to the first waveguide, and extending between second and fourth ports. A plurality of branch waveguides extend between the first and second through waveguides, and are adjusted to couple signal from the first port only to the fourth port, and from the second port only to the third port (within in limits of systems isolation). Particular normalized branch line impedances provide best operation. A communication system especially adapted for use as a spacecraft uses a zero-dB coupler in a "planar" waveguide system to transpose or "crossover" the positions of two system ports, whereby the physical positions of the various ports are arranged in the same relation as their phase progression.