Abstract: A phase shifter capable of withstanding very high average RF power, which enables directing of the beam in radar systems, it includes a waveguide, a ferrite toroid, composite dielectric plate including a dielectric plate in high thermal conductivity and a dielectric plate with the high dielectric constant, which increases the amount of phase shift per the unit length by directing the electric field and the transfer of heat generated on the ferrite toroids to the waveguide, a twin-toroid ferrite-dielectric structure including a combination of ferrite toroids and composite dielectric plates.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a waveguide filter including a casing configured to form a waveguide having a side wall, a part of which is formed with a through hole, a plurality of partitions configured to form resonance sections by partitioning an interior of the waveguide within the casing, a cap configured to have a body that is fitted within the through hole of the casing so as to define at least a part of an inner region of the waveguide, and to have a head formed to correspond to at least a part of a peripheral region around the through hole of the casing so that the head is coupled with the casing, and at least one tuning sheet configured to be held interposed between the head of the cap and the casing when coupled.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a radio frequency (RF) conductive medium for reducing the undesirable insertion loss of all RF hardware components and improving the Q factor or “quality factor” of RF resonant cavities. The RF conductive medium decreases the insertion loss of the RF device by including one or more conductive pathways in a transverse electromagnetic axis that are immune to skin effect loss and, by extension, are substantially free from resistance to the conduction of RF energy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an injection molded phase shifter are provided. In at least one embodiment, a method for fabricating a phase shifter comprises fabricating a ferrite element with first and second ends, wherein electromagnetic energy propagating through the ferrite element propagates between the first the second end; placing the ferrite element within a waveguide mold; and injecting a liquefied dielectric into the mold, wherein the liquefied dielectric hardens to form first and second solid dielectric layers that abut against out-of-plane surfaces of the ferrite element. The method further comprises exposing in-plane surfaces of the ferrite element, wherein the in-plane surfaces extend longitudinally between the first and the second end and are orthogonal to the out-of-plane surfaces that extend longitudinally between the first and the second end; masking surfaces through which electromagnetic energy is emitted into and transmitted from the phase shifter; and plating the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: In a ferrite phase shifter, a temperature rise at ferrites can be suppressed to maintain the characteristics of the frites even when used at high power. Thus, the phase shifter can stably demonstrate high performance. The ferrite phase shifter includes a rectangular waveguide, substantially sheet-like ferrites disposed to face each other with respective mounting surfaces kept in tight contact with inner walls of wide surfaces of the rectangular waveguide facing each other, and a coil which is wound around the periphery of the rectangular waveguide in a position substantially corresponding to the position of the ferrites and through which a current is passed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an injection molded phase shifter are provided. In at least one embodiment, a method for fabricating a phase shifter comprises fabricating a ferrite element with first and second ends, wherein electromagnetic energy propagating through the ferrite element propagates between the first the second end; placing the ferrite element within a waveguide mold; and injecting a liquefied dielectric into the mold, wherein the liquefied dielectric hardens to form first and second solid dielectric layers that abut against out-of-plane surfaces of the ferrite element. The method further comprises exposing in-plane surfaces of the ferrite element, wherein the in-plane surfaces extend longitudinally between the first and the second end and are orthogonal to the out-of-plane surfaces that extend longitudinally between the first and the second end; masking surfaces through which electromagnetic energy is emitted into and transmitted from the phase shifter; and plating the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: In a ferrite phase shifter, a temperature rise at ferrites can be suppressed to maintain the characteristics of the frites even when used at high power. Thus, the phase shifter can stably demonstrate high performance. The ferrite phase shifter includes a rectangular waveguide, substantially sheet-like ferrites disposed to face each other with respective mounting surfaces kept in tight contact with inner walls of wide surfaces of the rectangular waveguide facing each other, and a coil which is wound around the periphery of the rectangular waveguide in a position substantially corresponding to the position of the ferrites and through which a current is passed.

Abstract: In a ferrite phase shifter, a temperature rise at ferrites can be suppressed to maintain the characteristics of the frites even when used at high power. Thus, the phase shifter can stably demonstrate high performance. The ferrite phase shifter includes a rectangular waveguide, substantially sheet-like ferrites disposed to face each other with respective mounting surfaces kept in tight contact with inner walls of wide surfaces of the rectangular waveguide facing each other, and a coil which is wound around the periphery of the rectangular waveguide in a position substantially corresponding to the position of the ferrites and through which a current is passed.

Abstract: In a ferrite phase shifter, a temperature rise at ferrites can be suppressed to maintain the characteristics of the frites even when used at high power. Thus, the phase shifter can stably demonstrate high performance. The ferrite phase shifter includes a rectangular waveguide, substantially sheet-like ferrites disposed to face each other with respective mounting surfaces kept in tight contact with inner walls of wide surfaces of the rectangular waveguide facing each other, and a coil which is wound around the periphery of the rectangular waveguide in a position substantially corresponding to the position of the ferrites and through which a current is passed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the position of a member. The apparatus has a sonic waveguide, a generator for generating an interrogation sonic wave at a first position in the sonic wave guide, and a transducer for converting the interrogation sonic wave, at a second position in the sonic wave guide, to an interrogation signal. A timer can be enabled in response to the generator generating the interrogation sonic wave and stopped in response to the transducer converting the interrogation sonic wave so as to determine the propagation time delay of the interrogation sonic wave and the distance between the first and second positions. When the transducer is attached to a member, the position of the member can be determined from this distance. The apparatus can include a transmitter for transmitting the interrogation signal. The generator can be configured to generate an excitation sonic wave which is converted by the transducer to a power signal for powering the transmitter.

Abstract: Methods and devices for accelerating or delaying an electromagnetic signal. A rectangular waveguide phase shifter has a ferrite filled center section with a pair of magnetic bias lines placed on opposing sides of the waveguide, each bias line being adjacent to one of the two opposing sides. Each magnetic bias line creates a magnetic field in the ferrite filled center section. The resulting magnetic field in half of the center section has the same magnitude but is oppositely directed to the magnetic field in the other half of the center section. This ideally results in a zero magnetic field at the very center of the ferrite filled center section. A microwave signal propagates through the waveguide phase shifter in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. The amount of phase shift provided depends on the magnitude of the magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are controllable by adjusting the current passing through the bias lines.

Abstract: Methods and devices for accelerating or delaying an electromagnetic signal. A rectangular waveguide phase shifter has a ferrite filled center section with a pair of magnetic bias lines placed on opposing sides of the waveguide, each bias line being adjacent to one of the two opposing sides. Each magnetic bias line creates a magnetic field in the ferrite filled center section. The resulting magnetic field in half of the center section has the same magnitude but is oppositely directed to the magnetic field in the other half of the center section. This ideally results in a zero magnetic field at the very center of the ferrite filled center section. A microwave signal propagates through the waveguide phase shifter in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. The amount of phase shift provided depends on the magnitude of the magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are controllable by adjusting the current passing through the bias lines.

Abstract: A high power ferrite microwave phase shifter that is both compact and low cost. The ferrite phase shifter includes a waveguide having a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the radius of the second cylinder being less than the radius of the first cylinder. The second cylinder is disposed within the first cylinder such that the two cylinders have a common axis of symmetry. The waveguide includes a first septum formed as a disk and disposed within the second cylinder. The disk has a pie-shaped aperture formed therethrough and is centrally disposed within the second cylinder so that the two cylinders and the disk share the same axis of symmetry. The second cylinder has an opening formed therethrough that is aligned with the pie-shaped aperture. The waveguide further includes a second septum that extends from the first cylinder to the disk center while bisecting the pie-shaped aperture, thereby separating an input from an output of the ferrite phase shifter.

Abstract: A device for non-contact detection of an external electric or magnetic field is presented. The device comprises an active unit cable of emitting an interrogation signal, and a passive unit to be positioned at a spot where the external field is to be detected. The passive unit comprises a substrate, which is capable of transporting therethrough a wave sensitive to the external field, and is formed with a delay line thereon. The delay line forms a wave channel for the wave's propagation, and is capable of converting the interrogation signal into an output response signal. The wave channel is exposed contactlessly to action of the external field, which effects a change in a velocity of the wave propagation through the wave channel, the response output signal being thereby informative of the external field. The active unit is capable of receiving and processing the output response signal for determining and indicating the external field at the spot.

Abstract: A high power ferrite microwave phase shifter that is both compact and low cost. The ferrite phase shifter includes a waveguide having a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the radius of the second cylinder being less than the radius of the first cylinder. The second cylinder is disposed within the first cylinder such that the two cylinders have a common axis of symmetry. The waveguide includes a first septum formed as a disk and disposed within the second cylinder. The disk has a pie-shaped aperture formed therethrough and is centrally disposed within the second cylinder so that the two cylinders and the disk share the same axis of symmetry. The second cylinder has an opening formed therethrough that is aligned with the pie-shaped aperture. The waveguide further includes a second septum that extends from the first cylinder to the disk center while bisecting the pie-shaped aperture, thereby separating an input from an output of the ferrite phase shifter.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator incorporating a ferroelectric capacitor in its resonant circuit is provided in order to provide superior phase noise performance and a linear control voltage/capacitance relationship. The resonant circuit may include multiple ferroelectric capacitors and multiple control voltages in order to provide band switching capability and/or increase the tuning range of the oscillator. The feedback loop of the oscillator may also incorporate a ferroelectric capacitor in order to adaptively optimize the feedback.

Abstract: A magnetic garnet single crystal film used for a magnetostatic wave device has a Pb content in the range of from more than zero to about 4,000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A waveguide continuously variable power divider/combiner that is capable of dividing one input signal into two output signals, with the ratio of the output signals being continuously variable between zero and infinity. The waveguide has a first septum polarizer separated from a second septum polarizer by a ferrite phase shifter. By adjusting the magnetic bias in the ferrite phase shifter, a predetermined phase differential is generated thereby modifying an input signal as desired.

Abstract: Magnetostatic devices includes: input and output electrodes for including energy conversion pattern provided in a dielectric substrate; a multi-layer -magnetic substance structure placed at an upper portion of the dielectric substrate, wherein magnetically active thin film is placed at both sides of a magnetically inactive substrate; an upper shield, composed of grounded conductor, for preventing the input and output electrodes from coupling; a lower shield provided at the dielectric substrate, wherein the substrate contain a hole with the same length as the upper shield, and walls of said hole are provided with conductor; a magnetostatic wave end portion, inserted into the dielectric substrate to be placed at both end plane of the multi-layer magnetic structure, for blocking the magnetostatic wave not to reflect therefrom; and a magnetostatic wave reflector, provided in the dielectric substrate as a line whose width vary, for reflecting and selecting a desired pass band before it reaches to the magnetostatic

Abstract: A scanned antenna array and the ferrite scanning source controlling the array which includes a ferrite scanning line source (21) comprising a ferrite element (23) having an RF input (25), a current source (31) extending through the ferrite element and a plurality of RF outputs (27) spaced apart along the ferrite element and an antenna element (33) coupled to each of the RF outputs. Each of the RF outputs is equally spaced apart from adjacent RF outputs. The ferrite element has an input end portion and an output end portion and an axis therebetween, the RF outputs being disposed along the axis. The ferrite element comprises a pair of ferrite toroids (43, 45) spaced apart by a layer of dielectric material (47), the RF outputs (49) being disposed in the dielectric material.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave device comprises a Y.sub.3 Fe.sub.5 O.sub.12 -based magnetic garnet single crystal film, and the magnetic garnet single crystal film contains indium as a substitute for a part of iron, and having a saturation magnetization ranging from 1,800 G to 3,500 G.

Abstract: A planar phase shifter having plural layers of ferrite forming a closed magnetic toroidal path and including internal layers of dielectric material of a relatively high dielectric constant and underlying layers of dielectric material having a relatively low dielectric constant. A stripline to slot line transition is also formed at least at one end of the device. All of the elements are formed over a ground plane and have either metallized external sidewalls or a set of metallized vias running through the outer wall portions over its length.

Abstract: A microwave transition consisting of a stripline member coupled to a pair of slot lines deposited on the outer surfaces of a pair of contiguous dielectric rib members. The stripline and one slot line on one of the rib members cross each other at right angles on parallel planes forming an energy coupling junction. One end of both slot lines comprise slot line regions which are either smooth tapered or stepped out to the full width of the dielectric ribs so as to couple RF energy to the normal fields in a twin toroid phase shifter which in one embodiment the toroids extend past the cross-over junction while in the second embodiment two additional dielectric layers are contiguously applied to the outside surfaces of the dielectric rib members containing the slot lines for matching the electric fields in the slots to the toroids. The outer surfaces of the transition including the twin toroids are metallized and fitted into a metal sleeve which provides support for the composite structure.

Abstract: A 90.degree. coupling circuit cascaded with a pair of hybrid mode latchable phase shifters provides polarization agility for an RF radiator module of the type typically used in a phased array. For example, such radiator modules typically may utilize an active microwave integrated circuit (MIC), a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) or a passive reciprocal hybrid mode element (RHYME) circuit. These circuits are arranged to provide duplex RF transmit/receive functions with controllable phase shifts at each radiator site in a phased array. By appropriately setting the two controllable phase shifters to different combinations of phase shifts (e.g., 0.degree. and/or 90.degree.) to a dual orthogonal mode radiator, different spatial polarizations for RF radiator transmit/receive functions can be defined. The radiator itself may include a square or circular waveguide including, in some cases, a reciprocal dielectric quarter-wave plate and a non-reciprocal ferrite quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: In a reciprocal microwave phase shifter of microstrip technology, a Ferrite substrate carries, on one side, a ground plane (PM) and, on the other, a microstrip line (LM). The lateral branches (CG2 and CD2) cooperating with a base (CC) to define a magnetic circuit come into direct contact with the Ferrite substrate (SF), be being, for example, equipped with a recess (ED2) in line with the passage of the microstrip line (LM).

Abstract: A signal suppression component such as a ferrite shield bead includes a cylindrical magnetically permeable element that has a passage formed through it. The passage is filled with an elastic silicone rubber compound. When the component is placed on a conductor or component lead, the elastic material forms a dampening layer between the conductor and the permeable element to prevent audible vibration of the element due to current flow in the conductor.

Abstract: A latching type of microstrip reciprocal phase shifter is provided having a oroidal-shaped ferrite core with a length of microstrip conductor wound about the outer cylindrical surface of the core and a ground plane mounted on the inner cylindrical surface of the core surrounding the aperture in the core. A single control wire is passed through the aperture in the core and creates a circular magnetic field in the core surrounding the aperture when the core is pulsed with a unidirectional current pulse.

Abstract: A fast switching ferrite phase shifter is disclosed featuring both reciprocal operation and fast switching speeds. Reciprocal operation in transmit and receive modes is achieved by employing two latching, toroidal non-reciprocal phase shifters; one for transmitting and one for receiving. The exemplary embodiment utilizes input and output circulating devices which include a Faraday rotator and septum polarizer for appropriately routing signals through one or the other of the phase shifters depending upon the direction of input signal propagation. The phase shifter achieves fast switching since the latching, toroidal, non-reciprocal phase shifters are transversely magnetized devices and are disposed entirely within a waveguide so that the generated magnetic field is confined entirely within the waveguide. The phase shifters do not intersect the waveguide walls and, thus, during a switching operation, the magnetic field is not switched through conductive waveguide walls.

Abstract: A phase shifter suitable for operation at very high high-frequency power is composed of a waveguide in which ferromagnetic material is distributed along at least one plane extending in the direction of wave propagation. The ferromagnetic material is exposed to a static magnetic field oriented parallel to the plane. The ferromagnetic material is shaped so that it forms a plurality of three-dimensional regions which extend in the direction of the applied static magnetic field from one waveguide wall to the opposite waveguide wall. These regions may be provided by a plurality of ferromagnetic rods, preferably housed in one or more dielectric containers to direct a flow of coolant fluid, or by a ferromagnetic body having a plurality of bores. Such bores also preferably direct a flow of coolant fluid.

Abstract: A microstrip reciprocal phase shifter is provided comprising a rectangular ferrite rod having an upwardly sloping ramp member at one end thereof and a downwardly sloping ramp member at the other end thereof. The ramp members are made of dielectric waveguide having a dielectric constant substantially the same as the dielectric constant of the rod. The rod and ramp members are disposed on one surface of a microstrip dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant substantially lower than the dielectric constant of the ramp members and a ground plane on the other surface thereof. Input and output sections of microstrip conductor are placed on the surface of the substrate in axial alignment with the rod and ramp members.

Abstract: A laminar magnetic flux generating apparatus for use with a signal delay line or other apparatus requiring a long, narrow, uniform field. Magnetic flux orthogonal to the primary flux is generated by an array of spaced apart magnets located along the length of the long, narrow, uniform field; combined orthogonal and primary fluxes provide the desired long, narrow, uniform field flux within a magnetically conductive enclosure. Vector summation and fluid analogies for the achieved flux are disclosed.

Abstract: A "Spacercore" design is used to provide the cores of the electromagnets which are used to bias ferrite slabs in phase shifters of a high power RF attenuator. The phase shifters require a given flux to provide a phase shift from zero to 90.degree.. With laminations of high permeability silicon steel, the core weight may be substantially reduced by including a filler comprising spacers of non-magnetic material (such as lightweight transformer pressboard. With 14-mil silicon steel laminations and 64-mil spacers, this construction provides a core which weighs 25 percent of a full ferrite core for the same flux density.

Abstract: An apparatus for changing the phase of a microwave signal comprising:a sample that exhibits the magneto-electric effect;a metal enclosure loaded with said sample; a voltage source; a feed electrode and a ground electrode attached to said sample and to said voltage source so that a voltage difference is created across said sample by said voltage source, said feed electrode connecting said voltage source and said sample by passing through said; a coupling slot in said enclosure that enables microwaves to enter into said enclosure and leave said enclosure after the microwave has been phase shifted and a means for producing a magnetic field inside the metal enclosure.

Abstract: A fin-line waveguide device for modulating signals passing therethrough. The device comprises a fin-line waveguide including two channel members longitudinally extending in the direction of signal propagation through the device. The channel members are physically and electrically separated by a ferrite dielectric slab which is oriented in a longitudinally extending plane parallel to the electric field lines of the signal passing through the device. A magnetic field is applied to the ferrite slab to magnetically bias the slab to ferromagnetic resonance. A voltage is applied across the ferrite slab to alter the ferromagnetic resonance characteristics of the slab. The phase and amplitude of the signal passing through the waveguide are modulated in response to the applied voltage.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave phase shifter for use at high millimeter-wave frequencies is disclosed. The phase shifter employs continuous aperture ferrite and corrugated horns to make a reciprocal phase shifter in the frequency range of interest. Applied linearly polarized energy is expanded in cross-section by means of a first corrugated horn. The expanded energy is focused by a first lens, circularly polarized and applied to a ferrite phase shifting section. The phase shift applied to the energy is controlled by means of phase control circuitry and a yoke and coil arrangement. The phase-shifted energy is then converted to linearly polarized energy by a second circular polarizer focused by a second lens and contracted in cross-section by a corrugated horn. The use of the corrugated horns, polarizers, lenses and ferrite phase shifting components allows a much larger device to be fabricated and hence physical tolerances are reduced by an order of magnitude for the frequency range of interest.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide reciprocal ferrite phase shifter is provided for use n a dielectric waveguide transmission line. The phase shifter is comprised of a length of ferrite of the same cross-sectional dimension as that of the dielectric waveguide and in fact becomes a section of the transmission line. The length of ferrite bears a thin plastic layer on its top and bottom surface and metal plates on each piece of plastic. The length of this multilayer structure then has a wire coil wrapped around in order to provide a d.c. magnetic biasing field along the length of the ferrite thereby enabling magnetization of the ferrite resulting in a reciprocal phase shift or change in electrical length within the structure.

Abstract: The phase shift resolution provided by an N element digital gyromagnetic phase shifter is increased and the number of obtainable phase states is increased by 2.sup.N -1 to 2.sup.N+1 -1 by modification of the control and driver circuitry to selectively set elements to a half-maximum phase shift condition in addition to the known zero phase shift and maximum phase shift conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is for an apparatus and method of fast-switching a dual-toroid microwave ferrite phase shifter. A first circuit is provided for controllably switching the ferrite in one of the toroids between a saturated and partially saturated states. A second conduit is provided for controllably switching the ferrite in the other of the toroids between a saturated and partially saturated states. A control circuit is provided for controlling the first and second circuits such that the ferrite in at least one of the toroids is maintained in the saturated state at any given time such that any desired phase shift may be achieved with only one switching operation for each toroid. The present invention provides new reference states such that there are two reciprocal phase states for any given phase state such that a reciprocal phase state may always be achieved with only one switching operation for each toroid.

Abstract: Each antenna of the phased array is supplied a lineal polarized wave which has been shifted in phase and rotated in polarization in accordance with a cascade connection of a NRCP, Faraday rotator and a RNRCP. The control windings of the Faraday rotator and the rotating polarizer determine the amount of phase shift and rotation of the polarization of the propagating wave.

Abstract: A phase-shifting device for microwave frequencies is constituted by a section of a rectangular waveguide, the two large walls of the waveguide being each adapted to carry two strips of gyromagnetic material placed on each side of a strip of dielectric material. Each strip is formed by an array of small plates bonded to the waveguide walls and to each other by means of an insulating silicone adhesive.

Abstract: A rectangular waveguide energized in the TE.sub.10 mode is externally provided on at least one of its major surfaces with one or more pairs of ferrite cores rising from that surface on opposite sides of its electric plane, an end face of each ferrite core being aligned with an aperture in the guide surface whereby two counterrotating magnetic fields in the interior of the guide induce corresponding fields in the two cores. The induced magnetic fields travel outward in the cores and are reflected at their remote ends for return to the guide with a phase shift controlled by a unipolar biasing current traversing a pair of coils which are respectively wound about these cores to generate two mutually opposite magnetic fields therein. The cores and their coils may be spacedly surrounded by an enclosure for the forced circulation of a cooling fluid therearound.

Abstract: Irises which exhibit capacitive reactance in a heavily loaded rectangular waveguide comprise generally U-shaped conductive vanes positioned in the waveguide perpendicular to the length of the waveguide with the opening of the "U" toward a broad wall of the waveguide but spaced therefrom. These irises are effective for increasing the electrical length of ferrite rectangular waveguide phase shifters. These irises may be added to the completed phase shifter to adjust its length by inserting them through previously formed apertures in one of the narrow walls of the waveguide.