Abstract: An adaptive equalizer is disclosed comprising an amplitude equalizer circuit (12) having an adjustable Q, and a plurality of all-pass circuits (14,15) having adjustable delay bumps. A controller (18) adjusts the tuning, magnitude of the bumps, and the number of all-pass networks in the equalizer in response to variations in the power within a plurality of spectrum samples and the bit error rate of the equalizer output signal.

Abstract: A channel equalizer and ghost cancelling technique are disclosed for removing ghosts from a communications signal which includes a training signal and data. The training signal and its ghosts are processed as a finite length sequence of numbers. The equalizer includes a chain of cascaded filters, the first of which receives the training signal and its ghosts for assuming a filter condition which reduces the finite sequence by two points at the filter's output. Each successive filter in the chain receives the output of an immediately preceding filter and assumes a filter condition in which an additional two points of the finite sequence are eliminated or forced to zero. The filter conditions assumed in response to the training signal and its ghosts are maintained while the data is applied to the filter chain so that ghosts of the type experienced by the training signal are removed from the data.

Abstract: A digital time phase shifter for shifting a signal in very precise increments and which performs the steps of: mixing a reference frequency signal with the signal to be time or phase delayed for generating an intermediate frequency signal; selectively delaying (i.e. advancing or retarding) the intermediate frequency signal; and mixing the delayed intermediate frequency signal and reference signal developing an output signal whose frequency is an integer multiple or sub-multiple of the input signal frequency and whose phase delay is proportional to the ratio of the intermediate signal and input signal frequencies. Small delay increments are obtained by judicious selection of the reference frequency. The output frequency may be slowly delayed relative to the input frequency by repeating the delay step. The phase shifter employs a pair of phase-locked loops, digital mixing circuits and a programmable delay generator.

Abstract: A second order digital filter utilizing six processor operations, two add instructions, two shift instructions and two store instructions. No multipliers are required. The filter is used as a digital filter in a servo loop having a Z transform of, G(Z)=4 (1-Z.sup.-1)+Z.sup.-2.

Abstract: A device for the automatic equalization, on the receiving side, of digital data signals, in which, after amplitude stabilization, the input signal is fed to a synchronizing unit and a clock signal generating unit, a distortion measuring unit and a controllable equalizer unit in which the distortion measuring signal is fed to the equalizer as a control signal. The output signal of the equalizer is then normalized in amplitude. The equalization measuring unit consists of a squaring or rectifier unit, a clock filter for the zero transition region and an integrator. Equalizers with different characteristics and their circuits are represented. The amplitude stabilization on the input side may be supplemented by an amplitude-controlled pre-equalization (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The presence of a d.c. offset in the input signal to an adaptive equalizer for a high speed modem must be removed before a valid signal enters the equalizer if the "coefficient up-date" algorithm for the equalizer is not to be confused. Normally the d.c compensation is achieved using adjust-on-test resistors or potentiometers which provide for in life adjustments to compensate for ageing drift. The submission envisages the use of an additional adaptive equalizer tap-stage connected to a fixed voltage source. This voltage is multiplied by the additional tap-stage multiplier and summed with the outputs of the other tap-stages in the equalizers accumulator. The error produced from the equalizer decision circuit is correlated with the fixed voltage in the additional tap-stage correlator the output of which controls the gain of the additional tap-stage multiplier thereby compensating for the original d.c. offset of the output of the equalizer accumulator.

Abstract: Modem receiver apparatus having circuitry for receiving, demodulating, and decoding, at a first rate of 1/T bauds per second, a modulated double sideband carrier signal encoded to represent digital bits, wherein the received signal is converted to a stream of digital samples, the samples occurring at a sample rate higher than 1/T per second, and having timing recovery circuitry comprising phase-splitting filter circuitry connected to split the modulated double-sideband carrier signal sample stream into a pair of modulated carrier signal sample streams, the carrier frequencies associated with the pair of streams being equal but 90.degree.

Abstract: Modem receiver apparatus having circuitry for automatically adaptively equalizing received signals, including equalizer updating circuitry for updating coefficients stored in the equalizer, wherein the apparatus comprises circuitry for detecting the duration of periodicity in the received signals, circuitry for comparing the duration to a threshold, and circuitry for freezing the updating circuitry when the duration exceeds the threshold and for otherwise releasing the updating circuitry to permit updating of the coefficients.

Abstract: The phase shift imparted to a signal is accurately controlled by passing the signal through a phase shifter in which the phase shift is adjusted by an automatic feedback control circuit. The control circuit senses the actual phase through the phase shifter and combines this information with a signal representing the desired phase to generate a control signal for the phase shifter.

Abstract: A Modem utilizing process technology compatible CCD and IGFET circuits and sub-systems incorporated on a single I.C. chip. CCD transversal filters are employed as bandpass filters, being tuned for different modes of operation by adjustment of the clock frequency. The bandpass filters are operated in conjunction with a charge amplifier to remove d.c. offset from the analog output of the filters. The demodulator section of the Modem also incorporates low-pass filter employing switched resistors. The modulator section includes waveform generators based on a digital-to-analog converter including switched capacitors having values selected such that a sine wave having minimal distortion is generated when switched in proper sequence. Provision is made for digital inputs to control the frequency and amplitude of the sine wave output. The Modem can be operated under control of a microprocessor.

Abstract: In a first data receiver (10), sampling circuitry (20, 25, 35) forms samples of a received data signal representing a succession of data symbols. The samples are formed at twice the symbol rate. Transversal filter circuitry (251, 261) operates on the samples by multiplying them by respective ones of a queue of coefficients. Further circuitry (55, 60, 65, 70, 252, 262), operative in response to the resulting products, forms decisions as to the values of the transmitted symbols and updates the values of the coefficients. Timing recovery circuitry (40) periodically identifies the largest of the coefficients in magnitude and either advances or retards the operation of the sampling circuitry by a fixed step size depending on whether that coefficient is or is not within a predetermined portion of the queue.

Abstract: An adaptive filter having a delay circuit, taps of which comprise amplitude control circuits controlled by means of an error signal which indicates the difference between the output signal of the filter and a reference signal, includes a further control circuit which controls the amplitude of the reference signal such that an unwanted stable state for the filter is prevented from occurring.

Abstract: An amplitude equalizer is provided for equalizing amplitude distorted signals within a predetermined frequency band. The amplitude equalizer comprises first means for splitting signals into first and second split signals. A first delay device receives one of the two split signals, and a second signal splitter splits the output of the first delay device into third and fourth split signals, the third split signal being applied to a second delay device having a delay equal to the delay of the first delay device. The output of the second delay device is combined with the second output from the first signal splitter in a first signal combiner, the output of which is applied to a circuit for adjusting the polarity and gain of the signal applied thereto. The output of the polarity and gain adjusting circuit is applied to a second signal combiner which combines the adjusted signal with the fourth output from the second signal splitter to thereby provide equalized signals.

Abstract: A signal receiver of a QPSK data-transmission system comprises two noncoherent demodulators feeding digitized in-phase and quadrature components to a pair of transversal filters whose coefficients are read out, during successive keying intervals, from a read/write memory accessed by an arithmetic unit which generates corrective terms updating these coefficients. A comparator in the output of each filter detects estimated phase jumps between delayed and undelayed filtered samples of each signal component and delivers them to a decision circuit as well as to an error detector which also receives quantized output signals from the decision circuit to produce two error signals fed to the arithmetic unit; the latter further receives the delayed and undelayed filtered samples as well as ancillary data temporarily stored in these filters to calculate the corrective terms.

Abstract: An adaptive multipath fade equalizer is disclosed comprising differencing means (24) for forming a difference between an input equal to said equalizer and a component of the equalizer output signal and a feedback loop (21) for coupling said component of output signal to the differencing means. The feedback loop includes a fixed delay T (22), a variable attenuator (23) and a variable phase shifter (25). A phase control network (30) and an attenuation control network (31) compare selected portions of the frequency spectrum of the signal and adjust the variable controls to minimize the effects of multipath fades upon the signal. It is an advantage of the equalizer that it automatically adjusts for changes in the frequency and depth of the fade notch.

Abstract: An adaptive equalization system for compensating the nonlinearities generated in a traveling-wave tube amplifier comprises an equalization circuit connected to the traveling-wave tube amplifier. The equalization circuit has a series circuit having a distortion generator for providing a high order distortion, a variable phase shifter and a variable attenuator for controlling the phase and the amplitude of the output of the distortion generator, and a delay line connected parallel to said series circuit so that the delay time in the delay line is equal to the delay time in that series circuit. A distortion detector is provided at the output of the traveling-wave tube amplifier for detecting the residual distortion in the output signal, and a distortion control circuit is provided for adjusting the variable phase shifter and the variable attenuator so that the residual distortion at the output of the traveling-wave tube amplifier becomes minimum.

Abstract: The invention is used in a receiver for a communication system, which transmits periodically occurring digital signals over a pair of orthogonally related polarized waves. Horizontal signals from one of the orthogonal waves are applied to a first input terminal of an equalizer in the receiver. Vertical signals from the other of the orthogonal waves are applied to a second input terminal. An individually associated, cascaded plurality of delay circuits is coupled to each of the input terminals. The delay in each of the delay circuits is equal to the time spacing between the occurring signals. Therefore, a plurality of the recurring digital signals appear simultaneously at the outputs of each of the delay circuits. A variable attenuator, individually associated with the output of each delay circuit, is adjusted to pass an incremental signal responsive to each of the occurring signals appearing simultaneously at the outputs of the delay circuits.

Abstract: In a synchronous data receiver that includes a clock and an adaptive equalizer, a method and a device for effecting the initial adjustment of the clock during a turn-on period in the course of which the receiver is supplied with a known clock synchronization signal followed by a known equalizer training sequence. In accordance with the method of invention, the incoming signal is sampled and the samples so obtained are stored in a storage means. The synchronization signal and the beginning of the training sequence are successively detected. When the beginning of the training sequence is detected, the storage locations for the samples of the received synchronization signal are known and a control signal controlling the initial adjustment of the clock is derived from these samples, which are stored in predetermined locations in the storage means.

Abstract: An adaptive phase-jitter compensator, which is frequency selective, is disclosed for use in data receivers. The filter section (28) of the adaptive compensator receives a derived phase error signal and its own weighted sum output to provide the difference between them as selective noisy estimates of the actual phase via taps of a delay line (52-1 to 52-L). A multiplier (57) accepts each tap signal and the phase error to form a product used to update the coefficients or tap weights used in the filter section. An upmodulator (29) impresses the weighted sum output on a carrier signal whose output is used by a lookup table (31) to form components to be compatible with the received data signal. A complex multiplier, (23), multiplies the components and the data signal which has been previously split into components and equalized, to provide both demodulation and phase-jitter compensation.

Abstract: Modem receiver featuring digital phase splitting filter circuitry for storing a changing sequence of successive said samples, multiplying a single, real-valued, stream of said stored samples respectively by coefficients, and combining the products of said multiplication to provide a complex-valued output consisting of a pair of output streams having associated carrier frequencies which, due solely to the selection of said coefficients, are equal but 90.degree. apart in phase, said coefficients being selected to establish a relationship between said outputs and said stored samples corresponding to bandpass filtering having an amplitude or phase response that does not exhibit symmetry in the frequency spectrum about the frequency of said carrier, and means for thereafter demodulating and encoding said output streams.

Abstract: This invention relates to automatic adaptive equalizers used in those data transmission systems which rely upon a double sideband-quadrature carrier (DSB-QC) modulation technique. The term DSB-QC modulation is used here in a broad sense and includes all systems wherein the transmitted signal can be represented by superimposing two amplitude modulated quadrature carriers. Thus, the term DSB-QC includes, in particular, phase-shift keying, amplitude phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. More particularly, this invention relates to a method and a device for training an adaptive equalizer by means of an unknown data signal sent to the receiver, and is especially useful in a data transmission system configured as a multipoint network.

Abstract: Data in the form of multi-value symbols is transmitted at a symbol rate 1/.DELTA.T. At the receiver a decision circuit supplies estimates of the transmitted symbols on the basis of the received symbols. The present invention concerns compensating phase noise after equalization if any of the received symbols and before application of the received symbols to the decision circuit (38, 39). The received symbols are in complex form with in-phase and quadrature components y.sub.k ' and y.sub.k " respectively. Phase noise is compensated by complex multiplication in a multiplier (36) of the received symbols by a complex coefficient.The invention is particularly applicable to quadrature modulation systems, but if only one channel is transmitted the quadrature channel can be simulated using the Hilbert transform of the one channel.

Abstract: Data in the form of multi-value symbols is transmitted at a symbol rate 1/.DELTA.T. At the receiver a decision circuit supplies estimates of the transmitted symbols on the basis of the received symbols. The present invention concerns compensating phase noise after equalization, if any, of the received symbols and before application of the received symbols to the decision circuit (38, 39). The received symbols are in complex form with in-phase and quadrature components y.sub.k ' and y.sub.k " respectively. Phase noise is compensated by complex multiplication in a multiplier (36) of the received symbols by a complex coefficient m.sub.km.sub.k+1 =[m.sub.k -.lambda.(v.sub.k -a.sub.k)y.sub.k *]exp[-iF.sub.k (.epsilon..sub.j)]where:.lambda. is a real coefficient;y.sub.k * is the complex conjugate of the symbol received at instant k.DELTA.T+t.sub.o (where t.sub.o is the instant taken as the origin of time measurements);v.sub.k is the symbol applied to the decision circuit at said instant;a.sub.

Abstract: Circuitry is disclosed for detecting signal amplitudes of a signal which is phase indicative of a digital logic level and providing a feedback signal for use in amplitude adjusting the signal to have a substantially zero slope over the relevant frequency bandwidth and zero notch in the middle of the band. The compensation is obtained by applying a voltage to variable impedance pin diodes which form part of a reactive load circuit.

Abstract: An automatic equalizer comprises a transversal filter for receiving an input signal to be equalized and having adjustable tap gains, a circuit connected to receive an output signal of the transversal filter and the input signal to be equalized to produce an equalized output signal, a distortion detect circuit for detecting a distortion component included in the output signal, a tap gain correct circuit connected to receive a distortion detect signal from the distortion detect circuit to produce tap gain correct signals, and a tap gain hold circuit responsive to the tap gain correct signals to correct the tap gains of the transversal filter and hold the corrected tap gains.

Abstract: Portions of an adaptive equalizer can be used for exact preamble synchronization by modifying the digital filter section to recognize pre-determined sequences of signals in the received signal. This may be accomplished by applying to the modifying means of the digital filter input signals which are proportional to the complex conjugate of the signals in the received signal. When the signals in the tapped delay line are aligned with this complex conjugate, the output of the summing means will be discernibly greater than otherwise. As a result, a threshold device can be used to recognize the exact baud time the preselected signals in the received signal are contained in the tapped delay line.

Abstract: An equalizer designed to correct both precursor and postcursor distortion in signal samples periodically obtained from a digital signal train comprises two parallel, mutually complementary circuit branches each including an upstream filter for linearly correcting one type of distortion and a downstream cell for nonlinearly compensating the other type of distortion. The compensating cell of the first branch includes an adder algebraically combining a feed-forward signal with a signal at least partly freed from postcursor interference in the corresponding upstream filter; the second branch includes another adder algebraically combining a feedback signal from its compensating cell with a prefiltered signal at least partly freed from precursor interference.

Abstract: A smear filter and/or a de-smear filter having the characteristics that the delay time is proportional to the frequency comprising (a) a transversal filter having a plurality of delay elements connected in series with one another, the delay time (T) of each delay element being the same as the sampling interval of the input signal, the first delay element being connected to the input terminal, a plurality of potentiometers each connected to the junction points of said delay elements and the output of the last delay element providing the tap weight to each of the tap output, and an adder for providing the sum of the outputs of said potentiometers to provide an output of the present delay circuit, (b) a digital memory storing the precalculated value for each desired delay characteristics for providing the tap weights of said potentiometers, and (c) means for providing the content of said digital memory selectively to the potentiometers according to the desired delay characteristics.

Abstract: In a multipoint data communication system using quadrature-amplitude modulation, a master modem (20) and a plurality of tributary modems (11a, 11b . . . 11n) are interconnected via respective transmission channels (13a, 13b . . . 13n, 16). Adaptive equalizer circuitry (55, 56) in the master modem equalizes the channel from a particular tributaryly multiplying samples of signals received from the tributary by an ensemble of tap coefficients associated with the tributary. The tap coefficient ensembles for each tributary are stored in a memory (91) from which they are retrieved at the start of transmission from that tributary. Timing-acquisition circuitry (29) within the master modem adjusts the phase of the letter's sampling circuitry (23, 27) at the start of transmission from a given tributary so that the received signals are sampled at the correct time points.

Abstract: Circuitry is disclosed for detecting signal amplitudes of a signal which is phase indicative of a digital logic level and providing a feedback signal for use in amplitude adjusting the signal to have a substantially zero slope over the relevant frequency bandwidth. The compensation is obtained by applying a voltage to variable impedance pin diodes which form part of a reactive load circuit.

Abstract: An equalization system for eliminating precursor and postcursor interference effects from an incoming train of digital pulses comprises a cascade of decision stages interleaved with correction units emitting precursor-compensation signals to immediately following digital adders for algebraic combination with the incoming digital pulse train received thereby from a cascade of delay lines, the adders feeding the resulting precursor-compensated signals to respective decision stages. Postcursor compensation may be at least partially accomplished in a Viterbi or Ungerboeck receiver forming one of the decision stages or may be performed in an equalization cell having a correction unit transmitting postcursor-compensation signals to a digital adder inserted in the cascade of delay lines for substantially eliminating postcursor interference permanently.

Abstract: An automatic equalizer for digital transmission systems is disclosed including a variable gain amplifier in one branch of a two-branch admittance circuit. The branch including the amplifier includes two frequency-dependent admittances while the other branch is insensitive to frequency. Varying the gain of the amplifier provides a minimum phase network which can be automatically adjusted to compensate for varying lengths and gauges of telephone pairs. This configuration permits digital transmission in the subscriber loop plant at rates up to 200 kilobits per second.

Abstract: An amplitude equalizer includes a pair of serially connected unit amplitude equalizers, each having complementary delay distortion characteristics to flatten the overall delay distortion characteristic. The unit equalizers include amplifiers or attenuators, delay circuits, and/or phase shifters. The amplitude versus frequency characteristic of the overall equalizer can be varied by controlling one or more of the attenuator/amplifiers and phase shifters. The variation can be controlled by a feedback circuit.

Abstract: A distortion-corrector which comprises a filter of the low-pass type, of the .pi. or T configuration, and two diodes, in parallel opposition, disposed between the input and output of the filter. This corrector compensates amplitude-and-phase- distortions of the tube associated with the corrector, over a given operational frequency-band of the tube which is below the cut-off frequency of the filter, by compressing weak signals, for which no diode conducts, with respect to strong signals, for which there is at least a start of conduction of one of the diodes and by producing a phase-lead which increases with the input power of the tube.

Abstract: A quadrature amplitude-modulated (QAM) data signal receiver employs a phase compensation arrangement (16, 31, 33) before the equalizer (17). The arrangement utilizes the assumption that the frequency components typically present in the phase perturbance are power-line related. This enables an effective phase compensator to be of relatively low complexity compared to the equalizer (17). Since the compensator is "pretuned", only the phase and amplitude of the frequency components need be adaptively found. This makes for a relatively stable arrangement with a suitable convergence rate. In an alternative arrangement, a phase compensator (216, 233, 240) is provided for use after the equalizer (217).

Abstract: Circuitry for detecting the spectral distribution of a signal that is phase indicative of a digital logic level and providing feedback signals for use in adjusting the amplitude of the signal spectrum to reduce signal distortion toward a value which is substantially identical with the transmitted signal for all points over a given frequency bandwidth. The correction is obtained by applying voltages to variable impedance pin diodes forming part of a series set of tuned filter circuits.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for automatic distortion correction of a signal transmitted over a line having low-pass filter characteristics, employs a distortion corrector having a controllable high-pass filter and a controllable-gain amplifier. The distortion corrector includes the high-pass filter with a predetermined frequency characteristic and a first attenuator connected in series therewith in a first branch, and a two-terminal network of a predetermined frequency characteristic in a second branch. The controlled-gain amplifier includes a second attenuator and an amplifier connected in series therewith which effects a predetermined amplification. The current/voltage characteristics of the first and second attenuators are substantially identical and their attenuation depends on a signal which is derived from the distortion-correct signal by means of rectification and smoothing.

Abstract: An apparatus for cancelling an undesired signal includes a programmable filter in which differential waveforms of a desired signal are superimposed on one another to form a composite signal similar to an undesired signal, a control circuit for detecting a level of the undesired signal to control the gain of a level adjusting circuit of the programmable filter so as to have a value proportional to the undesired signal, and a subtracter for subtracting the composite signal from an input signal.

Abstract: In a multipoint data communication system using quadrature-amplitude modulation, a master modem (20) and a plurality of tributary modems (11a, 11b . . . 11n) are interconnected via respective transmission channels (13a, 13b . . . 13n, 16). Adaptive equalizer circuitry (55, 56) in the master modem equalizes the channel from a particular tributary by multiplying samples of signals received from the tributary by an ensemble of tap coefficients associated with the tributary. The tap coefficient ensembles for each tributary are stored in a memory (91) from which they are retrieved at the start of transmission from that tributary. Timing-acquisition circuitry (29) within the master modem adjusts the phase of the latter's sampling circuitry (23, 27) at the start of transmission from a given tributary so that the received signals are sampled at the correct time points.

Abstract: Circuitry for detecting the spectral distribution of a signal that is phase indicative of a digital logic level and providing feedback signals for use in adjusting the signal amplitude of the spectrum to have a substantially zero slope over the relevant frequency bandwith. The correction is obtained by applying voltages to variable impedance pin diodes forming part of a tuned filter circuit.

Abstract: Adaptive filters are commonly used in echo cancelers and automatic equalizers. Usually adaptive filters include a tapped delay line and apparatus coupled to the delay line for producing a tap coefficient signal, whose sign and magnitude indicate the appropriate correction in adjusting the filter. However, in the presence of input signals having a partial frequency band spectrum, known filters tend to become unstable, e.g., tap coefficient signals blow up. The instant arrangement includes apparatus for weakly driving the tap coefficient signals to optimal values. As illustrated in a deceptively simple embodiment, a tap coefficient updating component is extended through a one's complement converter to a first input of a binary adder. A two's complement output of the adder is fed back to a second input of the adder. The sign of the adder output is also provided to a CARRY-IN input terminal of the adder.

Abstract: The present invention comes within the field of synchronous digital transmission. It provides an automatic variable equalization network (1) equipped with phase-locking means, in which a sign coincidence autocorrelator (30) correlates the polarities of two versions of the equalized signal delayed in relation to each other by .tau., an integer multiple of the unit time interval of the transmission. It is used advantageously for equalizing synchronous digital transmission channels in switched telephone or telegraph networks.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer for a telecommunication system, designed to process high-frequency signals in a band on the order of 50 MHz, comprises several weighting networks with input connections to respective taps of a delay line and with output connections to a summing amplifier, each weighting circuit having a control input to which a selected corrective voltage is applied. Each weighting network includes a bridge with two arms constituted by respective secondaries of an input transformer and two other arms in the form of indirectly variable resistance elements, specifically photoresistors photoelectrically coupled to a pair of light-emitting diodes, capacitively isolated for direct current from other parts of the bridge.

Abstract: A quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) data signal transmitted at T symbols per second is sampled in a data receiver at a rate of 2/T samples per second and applied to a transversal-type equalizer structure (25, 46, 34, 35) having taps spaced at T/2 second intervals. A demodulated equalized signal (a.sub.j, b.sub.j), generated once every T seconds, is quantized to form a decision (a.sub.j *, b.sub.j *) as to the value of the original modulating data symbol. An error signal (e.sub.j, e.sub.j) is formed in response to the pre- and post-quantized values of the demodulated equalized signal. Tap coefficients (c.sub.i (j), c.sub.i (j)) used in generating the equalized signals are updated in response to (a) a correction term which is a function of the error signal and (b) a predetermined tap leakage term which has a constant magnitude. The introduction of the tap leakage term maintains the coefficient values at minimum levels.

Abstract: An automatic polarization decoupling circuit for decoupling first and second signals originally transmitted with orthogonal polarizations comprising a rotatable quarter-wave plate and a rotatable half-wave plate for linearizing the first signal and rotating its polarization direction to a reference polarization direction, an Orthomode (trademark) transducer for separating energy in the reference polarization direction from energy with a polarization in quadrature thereto and utilizing this quadrature energy as the decoupled second signal. The system further comprises a second Orthomode transducer for recombining the in-phase and quadrature energy separated by the first Orthomode transducer and applying this recombined energy to a second rotatable quarter-wave plate and a second rotatable half-wave plate for linearizing the second signal and rotating its polarization direction to a direction in quadrature with the reference polarization direction.

Abstract: Equipment-generated and dynamic crosstalk are effectively compensated by a signal equalization technique which involves the cascading of equalizers of respectively different lengths and respectively different loop gains. The first equalizer to which a received data sequence is applied is a long equalizer having a large number of stages, the term long being relative to the time dispersion of the high frequency channel. The gain of this long equalizer is adjusted to a low value that is consistent with the basic acquisition requirements of the transmission system, but is such that it averages through rapid variations of the high frequency channel. The second equalizer is short relative to the first but is sufficiently long to cover the span of the time dispersion of the high frequency channel.The first equalizer includes a data storage device which receives and stores successively received data samples.

Abstract: A transmission arrangement provided with at least one adjustable network whose transfer characteristic between input and output as a function of the frequency .omega. within a prescribed frequency band is approximately equal to C exp [kf(.omega.)], where C is a constant and k a continuously variable parameter.A simple design as well as a large practically feasible adjustment range are obtained because the adjustable network comprises a plurality of channels between input and output and the transfer characteristic of a channel is approximately proportional to a term, different for each channel, from the series of terms of the development of exp [kf(.omega.)] to powers of kf(.omega.), the number of terms corresponding with the number of channels.

Abstract: A method and a device for training the equalizer of a receiver used in a QAM transmission system, by means of an unknown data signal, thereby enabling in particular said equalizer to be trained in the cases described above. In accordance with the method of the present invention, in a data receiver wherein, under normal operating conditions, the data is detected with respect to a first constellation, the equalizer is trained by detecting the data with respect to a second constellation which comprises fewer points than said first constellation and by adjusting the coefficients of the equalizer by means of an error signal produced as a result of the detection operation performed with respect to the second constellation.In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, the second constellation is comprised of those points of the first constellation that are farthest from its center.

Abstract: A transversal type automatic equalizer comprises a transversal filter having a plurality of taps separated by time delay intervals, said transversal filter receiving input signals from a transmission line, a plurality of potentiometers being connected to each of said taps to provide a tap weight and the outputs of the potentiometers being summed up to provide an equalized output signal, and said potentiometers being adjusted by an equalization arithmetic unit. The potentiometers and thereby the tap weights are adjusted according to the output of the arithmetic unit whereby an equalized output with a suppressed ripple characteristic is produced.

Abstract: A control signal x(t) of known characteristics is transmitted over a transmission channel (1) together with a useful signal y(t).