Abstract: A sheet-type metamaterial includes: a film-shaped dielectric substrate; a first and second wire array formed on the dielectric substrate's front surface and back surface respectively. The first wire array includes elongated metallic first cut wires of a length aligned in a y-axis direction with a gap g therebetween and in an x-axis direction with space s therebetween. The second wire array includes second cut wires having the same shape as first cut wires and aligned so as to overlap first cut wires and to be symmetric with the first cut wires. With a design frequency set at 0.51 THz, the dielectric substrate's thickness d is set at about 50 ?m, space s is set at about 361 ?m, gap g is set at about 106 ?m, and the length of first and second cut wires is set at a length approximate to a value to generate resonance at a working frequency.

Abstract: To provide a wire-wound resistor provided with high reliability and that retains the basic functionality of the wire-wound resistor, and a method for manufacturing the same. A wire-wound resistor in which a resistor wire is wound onto an external periphery of a core (11) obtained by bundling fibrous insulators, and a connection terminal (13) is attached to both ends of the core (11) and connected to the resistor wire (12a), wherein the core (11) is impregnated with a binder in the portion (11a) in the vicinity of the external periphery. The binder (1) is preferably not included in a center portion (11b) of the core (11).

Abstract: A broadband power limiter having a distributed architecture of multiple segments of self-actuating, adjustable power limiters, where the limiter segments are separated from each other along a signal path by intermediate matching inductors. The intermediate matching inductors are chosen to form, in combination with the capacitances of the limiter segments, an impedance matched, low-loss, broadband transmission line. Optionally, limiter segments may be configured with different sizes and stack depths in a “tapered” architecture, such that different limiter segments have different power limiting response times and power handling capabilities. As each limiter segment initiates its power limiting action, power is reflected back toward the signal line, helping to trigger the power limiting action of the remaining limiter segments.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an impedance matching circuit including a matching network. The matching network includes a first port and a second port, and one or more variable reactance components. The one or more variable reactance components are operable to receive one or more variable voltage signals to cause the one or more variable reactance components to change an impedance of the matching network. At least one of the one or more variable reactance components includes a first conductor coupled to one of the first port or the second port of the matching network, a second conductor, and a tunable material positioned between the first conductor and the second conductor. Additionally, at least one of the first conductor and the second conductor are adapted to receive the one or more variable voltage signals to cause the change in the impedance of the matching network. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an artificial microstructure employed in an artificial electromagnetic material. The artificial microstructure includes a first segment, a second segment, and a third segment. The first segment is parallel to the second segment, and the third segment is connected between the first segment and the second segment. The artificial electromagnetic material has a special electromagnetic effect. The artificial electromagnetic material can be applied to various electromagnetic application systems instead of the typical electromagnetic material.

Abstract: A metamaterial simultaneously exhibiting a relative effective permeability and a relative effective permittivity below unity over a wide bandwidth, including: one of a two-dimensional and a three-dimensional arrangement of unit cells, wherein each of the unit cells has a magnetic dipole moment and an electric dipole moment that are dependent upon one or more of an incident magnetic field and an incident electric field; and a coupling mechanism operable for coupling one or more of the incident magnetic field and the incident electric field to one or more devices. Optionally, the coupling mechanism includes one or more of a split ring and a pair of parallel plates coupled by one of a rod and a wire. The one or more devices are non-Foster elements.

Abstract: A plurality of first conductor patterns (200) are insular electrode patterns located at a first layer. The first conductor patterns (200) are arranged in a repetitive pattern and are separated from each other. A second conductor pattern (100) is located at a second layer parallel to the first layer, and extends in a sheet shape in a region opposite the plurality of first conductor patterns (200). An opening (300) is provided in each of the plurality of first conductor patterns (200). Third conductor patterns (400) are located at the first layer and disposed in each of a plurality of openings (300). The third conductor patterns (400) are separated from the first conductor patterns (200). Connection conductors (500) connect the third conductor patterns (400) to the first conductor patterns (200).

Abstract: A two-dimensional left-handed metamaterial that functions as a two-dimensional electromagnetic wave propagation medium in which the equivalent permittivity and permeability of the medium are both negative, exhibits superior low-loss, broadband characteristics as a left-handed material, and has a simple constitution, enabling low-cost manufacture.

Abstract: An artificial medium on which two or more conductive surfaces are provided in a thickness direction, the conductive surface being provided with conductive elements in a two-dimensional periodic array, wherein when an electromagnetic wave propagated in parallel to the thickness direction is incident on the artificial medium, a current excited by the electromagnetic wave increases in an operation frequency, and a current loop is formed in a surface parallel to the thickness direction is provided.

Abstract: An attenuator for radio frequency applications includes variable shunt elements and series transmission elements. The impedances of the variable shunt elements and the series transmission elements are selected so that the impedance of the attenuator at the input terminal remains at a nominal value for all attenuation levels, thereby producing low loss at high frequencies. The use of the attenuator as a switch yields a non-reflective switch at radio frequencies.

Abstract: An artificial line, particularly an artificial electric line, and specifically an artificial line having a constant group delay in a wide frequency range (octave bandwidths). The artificial line comprises two identical inductors of the magnitude L connected in series and having a mutual inductance M, and a capacitor of the magnitude C1 over the inductors and a shunt capacitor C2 to earth. The element values as a function of the cut-off frequency fc and the characteristic impedance Z0 are selected according to specific equations. The artificial line can then be realized as a continuously tunable artificial line or as a self-switched artificial line. The two types of artificial lines can also be cascade-coupled.

Abstract: The fine protection circuit arrangement is to reduce the remaining residual impulses on gas tube charge eliminators. This is to be achieved by means of a cascading of a gas tube charge eliminator or a .lambda./4 shorting stub with a fine protection circuit. The fine protection circuit connected to the gas tube circuit eliminator or .lambda./4 shorting stub reduces the relatively high residual voltage at the output of the gas tube charge eliminator or .lambda./4 shorting stub to a minimal value.

Abstract: A non-linear dispersive transmission line includes a plurality of substantially block-like shaped capacitor elements (4) arranged in sequence in at least two arrays. The even numbered elements (4b, 4d etc) extend side by side to form a first array and the odd numbered elements (4a, 4c) etc extend side by side to form the second array. Each element (4) in one array is connected via inductors (3) to two immediately adjacent elements in the other array. Facing surfaces (5) of each two immediately adjacent elements (4a, 4c) in each array form cross link capacitors.

Abstract: A cordless communication apparatus which improves the performance of data transmission and reception by preventing the bandpass loss and the deterioration of frequency characteristics, which are caused during coupling a transmission output unit and reception input unit for using a single antenna. The apparatus minimizes power consumption, which is produced in using a .lambda./4 transmission path, thereby improving communication sensitivity. Also, since an expensive duplexer filter is not used, the manufacturing cost is reduced, thereby improving the price competitiveness of products.

Abstract: To realize an element presenting a constant impedance throughout an extremely wide frequency range and a circuit supplying a high frequency signal having a constant phase throughout the same wide frequency range, a ferrite-loaded line element, a real part of a terminal complex impedance of which is substantially constant, is provided. A partial inclination of an imaginary part of the terminal complex impedance is compensated by providing a pure reactance element, in combination therewith As a result, in an extremely wide frequency range exceeding a natural magnetical resonant frequency, a ferrite-loaded constant impedance element and a constant phase circuit comprising this constant impedance element can be attained.

Abstract: An equalizer circuit for equalizing RF frequencies implemented as an MMIC or MIC having a series of microstrip transmission lines between an RF input terminal and an RF output terminal and having at least one shunt path comprised of a series combination of a FET able to be switched between a conducting state and a nonconducting state and a stud tuner microstrip transmission line, wherein the FET is used as a voltage variable resistor to selectively de-Q the stub tuner and thereby control the depth of the equalization curve. In a modified embodiment, artificial transmission lines which include a plurality of inductive elements and FETs are coupled to each shunt path, wherein the shunt paths may be selectively shorted by changing the state of the FETs, thereby permitting the center frequency of the equalizer circuit to be shifted as well.

Abstract: A variable attenuator includes a plurality of circuit cells, each containing a variable resistance shunt element, cascaded to form an artificial transmission line with distributed loss represented by the variable resistance shunt element. Parameters of the transmission line are chosen in a manner to establish a characteristic impedance that is substantially independent of the shunt resistance value and to provide low insertion reflection coefficients for all attenuation values.

Abstract: A railroad track segment simulator for assessing track signal susceptibility to electric power line interference including a circuit including a series dc resistor, a series inductor, and an inductive network representing characteristic impedance of an electrical R-L transmission line, resistor, inductor, and network being serially connected as a series circuit, a first ballast resistance connected between one end of series circuit and a ground potential, and a second ballast resistance connected between another end of series circuit and a ground potential. The impedance of the segment is expressed as: ##EQU1## where: f=frequency (hz),r.sub.o =effective radius of rail at power line ac frequencies=0.09 m for 132 lb/yd rail,R.sub.dc =dc resistance per kft of track,j=imaginary number,Ln=impedance per track segment.A plurality of segments can be serially connected to simulate any length of line.

Abstract: A transmission delay line including a helical channel (2) formed in the surface of a cylinder (1), with a conductive sleeve (7) fitted to the cylinder to close the channel. A helical conductive member (4) is positioned within the channel (2) and spaced from the walls thereof by a dielectric material (5, 9).

Abstract: A triple resonance circuit is provided for improving the efficiency of high voltage pulses for pulse transformer applications. This circuit provides high transfer of energy when the normal mode frequencies of the coupled circuit are in the ratios of certain whole numbers.

Abstract: An electromagnetic variable delay line system in which the change in the output impedance of the delay line as its delay time is varied is compensated by an electronic device such as a field effect transistor which is connected across the output end of the variable delay line system. Therefore, generation of undesirable reflected waves can be prevented and high speed signals can be processed without distorting the signals.

Abstract: This electromagnetic variable delay line includes: a delay line, which includes an inductance device and at least one variable capacitance diode connected thereto, and possessing a non linear operational property; and a circuit device for supplying an output control signal to the variable capacitance diode in a manner which varies non linearly with an input control signal. The circuit means has a non linear property which is substantially complementary and opposite to the non linear delay property of the delay line. Optionally but desirably, the delay line may include: several delay line elments, connected in series, each of which includes an inductance device and a variable capacitance diode connected to the inductance device, the variable capacitance diodes being connected together; and buffer circuits connecting together each adjacent pair of these delay line elements.

Abstract: A time delay device for adjusting the arrival time of an electronic signal at a specific area in a circuit pattern is presented. The time delay device is comprised of a coplanar flexible circuit having a conductive pattern consisting of a signal line in a ground shield. The signal line is serpentine and makes one or more passes back and forth on the dielectric surface of the flexible circuit. The ground plane covers substantially the entire surface of the laminate except for a small gap on either side of the signal line. This circuit laminate is then tightly rolled up and permanently packaged in a suitable sheath or by encapsulation.

Abstract: A time delay device for adjusting the arrival time of an electronic signal at a specific area in a circuit pattern is presented. The time delay device is comprised of a coplanar flexible circuit having a conductive pattern consisting of a signal line in a ground shield. The signal line is preferably serpentine and makes one or more passes back and forth on the dielectric surface of the flexible circuit. The ground plane covers substantially the entire surface of the laminate except for a small gap on either side of the signal line. This circuit laminate is then tightly rolled up and permanently packaged in a suitable sheath or by encapsulation. The delay of the delay line is substantially increased (without increasing the line length of the circuit) by utilizing a dielectric and/or adhesive having high permeability. The use of a high permeability dielectric and/or adhesive will minimize the size, cost and resistive losses of the time delay device.

Abstract: A mounting or carrying device utilized in conjunction with an electronic component suitable for use on a printed wiring board, the electronic component being capable of adjusting the arrival time of signals in high speed logic systems is presented. Preferably, the electronic component is a time delay line device which is used in conjunction with the mounting or carrying device to form a delay line/carrier assembly for either surface mounting or through hole mounting onto a printed wiring board.

Abstract: A low pass .pi. section digital phase shifter apparatus having an inductor and a diode connected in series between two identical parallel circuits. The parallel circuits connect to the series inductor/diode circuit at both the input and output and each circuit has inductor connected in parallel with a capacitor and a diode to provide balanced insertion loss at each diode switching state. When the diodes of the circuit are in the forward biased state they act as closed short circuit switches. When the diodes are reversed biased, the inductance in the series circuit resonates with the diode capacitance to provide a short circuit path to the RF signal to pass the center frequency of the RF signal at the desired phase.

Abstract: An extra high frequency .pi.-section digital phase shifter apparatus having a diode connected between two identical parallel shunt circuits. The parallel shunt circuits connect to the series inductor/diode circuit at both the input and output and each parallel shunt circuit has inductor connected in parallel with a capacitor and a diode to provide balanced insertion loss at each diode switching state. When the diodes of the circuit are in the forward-biased state they act as closed short circuit switches. When the diodes are reverse-biased, the inductance in the shunt circuit resonates with the diode capacitance to provide a short circuit path to the RF signal at the center frequency of the RF signal at the desired phase.

Abstract: A traveling wave video detector utilizing microwave integrated circuit techniques provides increased dynamic range, increased rf bandwidth up to 100 Ghz and improved impedance matching at high input power levels. The video detector comprises an artificial transmission line wherein the shunt elements are spaced semiconductor detector diodes which lie in a substantially common plane. In the microwave integrated circuit (MIC) embodiment, the diodes are interconnected by arc shaped wire inductance elements which also lie in a substantially common plane. The particular planar arrangement and location of elements in the present invention provides the desired dynamic range, impedance matching and rf bandwidth.

Abstract: A pulse modulator including a pulse forming network comprising a multiple section ladder network of series inductors and shunt capacitors. The series inductors are flat, spiral inductors etched on microstrip. The pulse forming network is charged negatively through an IMPATT diode, and is switched to ground by a set of p-channel VMOS power FETs. By switching off the FET switches before the pulse forming network is completely dicharged, the fall time of the current pulse is reduced. The shape of the current pulse can be adjusted by varying the impedance of the section or sections of the pulse forming network whose position in the network corresponds to the position in the current pulse which it is desired to change. The variation in impedance is realized by bringing metallic slugs, mounted in the housing of the pulse forming network, into proximity with the flat, spiral inductors.

Abstract: An electromagnetic delay line of a distributed constant type making use of a zigzag strip as a strip line and suitable for use in very high frequency ranges. The zigzag strip comprises electroconductive strips which are bent in such a manner that they are arranged on a first imaginary plane and a second imaginary plane parallel and opposite thereto and spaced apart therefrom by an interval of T, in an alternating manner, and the pitch P and the interval T are so related to each other that the ratio T/P is greater than zero and smaller than unity. Therefore the coupling produced in the zigzag strip is enhanced and the enhanced positive coupling controls negative coupling by reducing or canceling it.

Abstract: An electromagnetic delay line of novel construction is disclosed which comprises an inductance element having a conductor wound as regularly spaced in the form of a single-layer solenoid and a plurality of capacitors inserted to connect the conductor of the inductance element and a ground after a ladder network. The construction is characterized in that the capacitors are connected one each to a plurality of points per turn of the conductor so as to give rise to a plurality of sections for each turn of the conductor. The electromagnetic delay line thus constructed, therefore, is very compact and exhibits a very quick rise of not more than 1 ns.

Abstract: An N-way, lumped element, matched, isolated branch power divider in planar form is disclosed. Lumped inductors are disposed on the top surface of a dielectric substrate, an isolation resistor network is disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate and the substrate is suspended above a ground conductor by lumped element capacitors. The capacitance values of the capacitors and the inductance values of the inductors are selected to provide between the common terminal and each branch terminal a lumped element .pi. network transmission line having a phase shift of about 90.degree. at frequencies within an operating range of frequencies.

Abstract: A connector is provided for the suppression of electromagnetic impulses traveling along a radio frequency transmission line. Paired first and second electrical connectors are provided for being operatively interposed along the transmission line. First and second conductors are provided for electrically coupling the primary conductors and secondary conductors of one connector to their counterparts in the other paired connector. A discharge device or tube having a known breakdown voltage and a known capacitance is coupled between the first and second conductors. First and second capacitors are coupled in series respectively with the first and second conductors for blocking the flow of dc energy therethrough.

Abstract: A lumped constant type ultra-high speed variable delay line includes an inductance element consisting of a single layer solenoid formed by winding a conductor with a prescribed pitch, a capacitor connected between said conductor and ground at each turn, a fixed contact array consisting of fixed contacts respectively formed on said each conductor at each turn of said inductance element, and a movable contact element for sliding on said fixed contact array while alternately making single-contact with one of said fixed contacts and multi-contact with adjacent fixed contacts.

Abstract: A connector is provided for the suppression of electromagnetic impulses traveling along a radio frequency transmission line. Paired first and second electrical connectors are provided for being operatively interposed along the transmission line. First and second conductors are provided for electrically coupling the primary conductors and secondary conductors of one connector to their counterparts in the other paired connector. A discharge device or tube having a known breakdown voltage and a known capacitance is coupled between the first and second conductors. A capacitor is coupled in series with the first conductor for blocking the flow of dc energy therethrough.

Abstract: A connector is provided for the suppression of electromagnetic impulses traveling a radio frequency cable. Paired first and second electrical connectors are provided for being operatively interposed along the signal cable. A spacer or mounting device is provided for electrically coupling the primary conductors and secondary conductors of one connector to their counterparts in the other paired connector. A gas discharge tube having a known breakdown voltage and a known capacitance is electrically and mechanically coupled between the first and second conductors of the mounting device.

Abstract: A timing generator circuit includes a pair of multitap cascaded delay lines of like construction. Each delay line includes a plurality of sections each of which are constructed to provide the same increment of delay at each tap. A capacitive element connects between predetermined taps of the two delay lines to form a compensation network including a predetermined section of each delay line. The compensation network which operates to cancel out the effects of any mismatch resulting from connecting the delay lines in series.

Abstract: A dispersive delay line and method for fabricating the delay line is described in which coaxial cable is utilized and in which the dispersive or bandpass characteristic is established by the crimping of the coaxial cable in such a manner that the axial crimp length is small compared to the wavelength, thereby providing a discontinuity which behaves like a simple shunt capacity. A simple fabrication technique is utilized in which the crimps are applied to the line at selected points by use of a four-tooth crimping tool.

Abstract: A concentrated constant type delay device can be assembled in simple steps and has simple and stable structure. The delay device comprises a composite capacitor which comprises a common electrode placed on one surface of a dielectric and a plurality of separated electrodes placed on the other surface of the dielectric and the separated electrodes being respectively connected to each joint of coils connected between an input terminal and an output terminal.

Abstract: A passive circuit element for influencing pulses has two series-connected inductances which connect a first input terminal to a first output terminal, a first capacitor which is connected between the connection point of the inductances and the second terminals which are either directly connected to one another or which coincide with one another. The inductances are formed by spiral conductor paths which are arranged on a substrate and which are oppositely directed to one another. The spiral conductor paths are arranged concentrically above one another in two different conductor path layers which are separated by an insulating layer. The inner ends of the spiral conductor paths are connected by means of a contact extending through the insulating layer and to which a plate of the first capacitor is also connected.

Abstract: A microminiature electrical delay line utilizes an m-derived filter formed by depositing a film of permalloy or other high permeability metal on a quartz or other dielectric substrate, then depositing a layer of quartz or other dielectric over the permalloy film, after which a plurality of microminiature thin film inductance coils are deposited on the dielectric layer and joined together electrically in series, a top layer of quartz or other dielectric then is deposited over the interconnected coils and a strip of permalloy or other high permeability metal is deposited over the top dielectric layer to extend across the coils, a gap being provided in the strip of permalloy at the central axis of each coil.