Abstract: A solenoid device adapted for use with an automobile door locking device, for example, comprises a shaft, two magnetic cores, a permanent magnet sandwiched between the cores, two field coils for producing a magnetic flux along the shaft, a magnetic yoke body for forming a magnetic flux path along the outsides of the coils, a magnetic center plate disposed between the coils, and two magnetic yoke end plates. The permanent magnet and the cores are fixed to the shaft to form a magnetic plunger. The center plate includes an annular magnetic flux path portion through which the magnetic plunger extends.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic device a magnet arrangement is provided having an electromagnet and a permanent magnet, with the pole faces of the permanent magnet abutting the core of the electromagnet on both sides of the end portions of the coil of the electromagnet and the end portions of the core of the electromagnet forming or supporting the pole pieces of the magnet arrangement. The poles of the permanent magnet are adjacent the like poles of the electromagnet when the electromagnet is energized, and the maximum value of the energizing current of the electromagnet is sufficient but not greater than necessary for reaching the first practical saturation value of flux density in the pole ends of the core of the magnet arrangement with the permanent magnet removed therefrom.

Abstract: Trip solenoids are disclosed in which a permanent magnet is positioned exteriorly of the armature case. In one version, a rotary solenoid has a permanent magnet between a ball race plate and the case and has a magnetic force sufficient to hold the rotary solenoid in its actuated position when the power is removed from the solenoid coil. An axial version of the trip solenoid is also disclosed.

Abstract: A limited-rotation actuator in which the rotor pole faces and corresponding stator pole faces are spaced apart along the axis of rotation, the rotor pole faces are permeably connected by a flux path having an axial component through the rotor, and the rotor and stator pole faces each subtend an angle of between about 90.degree. and about 180.degree. around the axis. The invention enables wide angle excursions of the rotor and inexpensive fabrication.

Abstract: An actuator element having a fixed end and a magnetizable deflection end is releasably held in spring loaded condition at a non-operative position by an electromagnetic operator. In the preferred form, the actuator element is an elastic beam of magnetically permeable material. The operator comprises first and second permanent magnets for generating separate magnetic fields of the same polarity proximate the magnetizable deflection end of the actuator element and a magnetic core combined with the permanent magnets to form at least first and second magnetic holding circuits with the deflection end of the actuator element through a common return path. A winding on the return path of the core when energized generates flux in opposition to the flux from the permanent magnets to release the actuator element for movement to an operative position. Upon de-energization of the winding, the deflection end of the actuator element is retracted and held by the permanent magnets in spring loaded condition.

Abstract: At least one coil partly surrounds a magnetic circuit consisting of a fixed yoke and a movable armature, the armature being constituted by a permanent magnet having pole faces adapted to carry pole-pieces which project on each side of the axis of magnetization. The electromagnet comprises a second permanent magnet interposed within the fixed yoke with a polarity such that the armature is urged towards the end or so-called rest position when the coil is not energized.

Abstract: A rotary solenoid motor adapted for use in a flow control valve apparatus. The solenoid motor having a shaft on which a valve member is connected. A torsion bar is connected between the shaft and a housing for generating a torsional force opposite to an electro-magnetic force. The shaft and the housing has a pair of portions for fixing the torsion bar. Each of the portions forms a regular polygonal cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: An electric trip solenoid employs a pair of low-cost retaining or holding magnets in an open frame arrangement in which the magnets are positioned on opposite sides of the flat surfaces of a pole and in contact with the pole and the legs of an open frame. The magnets are thickness oriented so as to distribute their flux through relatively large areas avoiding regions of high flux density. In one embodiment the release point may be adjusted by rotating a screw in a closure plate to vary the reluctance of the secondary flux path therethrough.

Abstract: A proportional solenoid comprises a rotary magnet for causing a rotational displacement within an angle of 180 degrees in proportion to a current supplied to a coil, a torsion bar for damping the rotation of the rotary magnet and a rotary valve driven by the rotation of the rotary magnet.

Abstract: A self-sustaining solenoid which is adapted so that when applying an operating current to a coil, a moving iron core disposed in the coil is attracted into contact with a fixed receiver. A magnetic yoke is provided to extend between the fixed receiver and the end portion of the moving iron core projecting out of the coil, and a permanent magnet is disposed on the magnetic yoke at least at one end in the direction of movement of the moving iron core. When the moving iron core is held in contact with the fixed receiver, magnetic fluxes emanating from the permanent magnet mostly pass through the moving iron core, the fixed receiver and the magnetic yoke, and even if the operating current is cut off, the moving iron core is retained in contact with the fixed receiver.

Abstract: An electromagnetic drive device of an electromagnetically operated shutter has a permanent magnet which is of a square shape and is magnetized into a multipolar state; a rotation shaft disposed in parallel relationship with magnetic flux produced by the permanent magnet; and a hexagonal coil having an electric current supplied thereto and opposed to the permanent magnet in such a way as to perpendicularly intersect the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. The hexagonal coil part at which the current is to be supplied and which produces a force in the reverse rotating direction of the hexagonal coil, when the current is supplied, is located outside of the plane of mangetic flux.

Abstract: A magnetic rotary activator has a permanent magnet mounted for rotation about a fixed axis and a core member having an energizing coil with a current reversing mechanism. The core member has at least three poles arranged to be reversed in polarity by reversing current flow through the coil. The poles are arranged to rotate the permanent magnet through a predetermined angle upon reversal of current flow.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device having an armature mounted in the gap of a ferromagnetic core for selective contact of either of opposed pole faces. A source of latching flux retains the armature in contact with either of the pole faces while a flux return bracket conducts flux between the armature and the source of latching flux. The source of latching flux has a surface area perpendicular to the flux path greater than the length along the flux path creating a low reluctance path for a portion of the operating flux.

Abstract: The permanent magnet is mounted within the coil in engagement with the magnetic frame so when the coil is energized by a pulse of DC voltage of polarity giving a coil flux aiding the magnet the plunger is actuated against the bias of the spring to move the plunger close enough to the magnet to be retained. A pluse of opposite polarity gives a coil flux opposing the magnet flux so the holding force is less than the spring force and the plunger is moved to its inactive position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a limited rotation galvanometer having a shaft adapted to be deflected in accordance with an electrical drive signal applied to the galvanometer, the galvanometer comprising a stator assembly formed of at least one stationary permanent magnet and at least one pole piece cooperatively arranged about a hollow bore, a rotor associated with the shaft and mounted to turn in the hollow bore, and an electrical winding wound about the pole piece and adapted to receive the drive signal, this stator assembly and rotor defining magnetic circuitry for operation of the galvanometer, the deflection of the rotor being dependent upon the rigidity of the stator assembly and the value of the torque applied between the stator assembly the rotor by the application of the drive signal to the winding.

Abstract: A polarized electromagnetic drive preferably for actuating a turning servo valve comprises an electromagnetic field iron core which has a central open area and a core receiving recess defined in said core on each side of the open recess with a coil therein and with a rotatable armature drive shaft located in the open area of the core which has an armature affixed thereto with a pair of diametrically opposite radially extending arm portions. The core also has a leg portion which is spaced away from each side of the armature arm portions by an amount to define a large air gap between each side of each arm portion and each leg portion. Each of the leg portions has an end part extending outwardly from the associated leg portion and alongside the outer ends of the armature arm portions and spaced from the outer ends by an amount to define a small air gap between each end part and the associated outer end of the armature arm portions.

Abstract: Magnetically actuated impact equipment useful for high speed printers, punches or the like, is disclosed. Actuating magnets formed of materials characterized by wide hysteresis loops such as samarium-cobalt and mischmetal cobalt are disclosed. As disclosed, these magnets are oriented with like poles facing one another along opposite sides of gaps which run lengthwise of a print line. Magnetically actuated devices are shown with coils extending into the gaps with the plane of each coil being parallel to the print line. In one embodiment of the invention the magnets are arranged in upper and lower banks with coils on different movable devices extending upwardly and downwardly into gaps between the magnets in each bank. Another embodiment discloses coil-carrying devices which are mounted so as to be stepped along the gaps to various printing positions.

Abstract: An electromagnetically driven device has a bobbin made of non-magnetic material and has an opening formed in its axial direction. A coil is wound on the bobbin for establishing a magnetic field inside and around the bobbin when electric current is supplied to the coil. A plunger made of magnetic material is inserted into the opening for movement in its axial direction. A magnet is attached to one end of the plunger for increasing the driving force of the plunger when electric current is supplied to the coil.

Abstract: A linear solenoid device includes a stator defining a cylindrical stator opening, and a pair of axially spaced cylindrical stator pole surfaces. An armature is mounted within the stator opening for movement parallel to the stator pole surfaces. The armature defines a pair of armature pole surfaces which overlap the stator pole surfaces by varying areas as the armature is moved. Annular air gaps are defined between the stator pole surfaces and the armature and the armature has mounted thereon a pair of cylindrical radially polarized permanent magnets, each such magnet being adjacent one of the armature pole surfaces. When a stator coil is energized, movement of the armature results from the varying reluctance across the air gaps as the armature pole surfaces overlap varying areas of the stator pole surfaces and, also, from repulsion of the permanent magnets. As a consequence, higher force outputs are attainable.

Abstract: An electromagnetically driven device has a coil and a plunger movably inserted in the coil between an inserted and ejected positions. An armature carrying a permanent magnet is provided at one end of the coil for holding the plunger in the inserted position by a magnetic attractive force developed between the armature and the plunger when the coil is deenergized. A yoke is provided between the permanent magnet and the armature for establishing a magnetic circuit therebetween with a predetermined reluctance developed between the armature and the yoke.

Abstract: A polarized relay in which the poles of an electromagnet project toward an armature on either side of a pivot support which allows the armature to pivot toward one pole or the other. A pair of permanent magnets each share one pole respectively with the poles of the electromagnet. The other pole of each permanent magnet has a surface extending on either side of the shared pole so as to have a portion closer to the pivot and a portion further away from the pivot relative to the shared pole.

Abstract: A spring-less linear actuator, especially useful as a print wire drive. A permanent magnet armature is driven from a rest position on a pole piece by magnetic repulsion upon energization of a solenoid by a D.C. pulse. The armature is fixed to a print wire which rebounds from a printing medium, thereby returning the permanent magnet toward the rest position, where it is held, without bouncing, by the magnetic attraction between the armature and the pole piece of the solenoid, which is now de-energized.

Abstract: Magnetically actuated impact equipment useful for high speed printers, punches or the like, is disclosed. Actuating magnets formed of materials characterized by wide hysteresis loops such as samarium-cobalt and mischmetal cobalt are disclosed. As disclosed, these magnets are oriented with like poles facing one another along opposite sides of gaps which run lengthwise of a print line. Magnetically actuated devices are shown with coils extending into the gaps with the plane of each coil being parallel to the print line. In one embodiment of the invention the magnets are arranged in upper and lower banks with coils on different movable devices extending upwardly and downwardly into gaps between the magnets in each bank. Another embodiment discloses coil-carrying devices which are mounted so as to be stepped along the gaps to various printing positions.

Abstract: Magnetic actuator arrangement in which the actuator or armature is retained in a cocked position by unidirectional magnetic flux having a density that cyclically varies in magnitude with time and is released by selective energization of a bucking coil to counteract the retention flux when the flux density is less than maximum. The modulated retaining flux may be made sufficient at its maximum density to retract the released actuator to the cocked position.

Abstract: A release electromagnet assembly having a permanent magnet associated with a movable member and which also includes an electromagnet cooperating with the magnet to produce a magnetic attraction therebetween which is effective to constrain the movable member and which is effective to produce a force of repulsion opposing the attraction of the permanent magnet, thereby releasing the movable member for free movement. The permanent magnet has an end pole of a single polarity where it abuts against the electromagnet so that the flux from the magnet partly passes through an external magnetic path external to the yoke of the electromagnet. When energized, the electromagnet produces a flux passing through a magnetic path which is provided internally of the yoke and which opposes the flux from the permanent magnet, thus releasing the movable member from its constraint applied by the permanent magnet.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotary solenoid or similar electromagnetic rotating apparatus that is capable of smoothly rotating through an angular range of approximately 180 degrees, in both directions, without employing a return spring or other like means.

Abstract: A magnetic circuit comprising a fixed core, yokes having flat portions in parallel planes, and an armature comprising a permanent magnet provided with pole pieces having end portions projecting on either side of the magnet, a flat portion of a first one of said yokes penetrating into the space between two end portions of the pole pieces located on one side of the magnet axis, the air gap surfaces of said yokes and of said pole pieces extending normally to the magnet axis and, one the other side thereof, at least one projecting end portion of said pole pieces penetrating between two flat portions of second and third yokes carried by a same free end of the core. Such a magnetic circuit is suitable for monostable or bistable operation in relays, contactors or solenoid valves.

Abstract: A device for providing a voltage indicating the angular velocity of rotation of the armature in a limited rotation, polarized, moving iron galvanometer. The device includes a means for providing a first voltage dependent upon the angular velocity of the armature, the self-inductance of the galvanometer drive coil, and the drive current in the drive coil. A compensation coil is magnetically coupled to the drive coil and magnetically isolated from the effects of the rotating armature to provide a second voltage which is dependent upon mutual inductance between the drive and compensation coils and upon the drive current, but is not dependent upon the effects of the rotating armature due to the magnetic isolation of the compensation coil from the armature. A combining means proportionally combines the first and second voltages to provide a voltage indicating the angular velocity of rotation of the armature.

Abstract: A left atrial to descending thoracic aorta shunt is encircled by an artificial muscle sheath consisting of a multiplicity of connected rod-like segments formed of an elastomer. Each segment contains a series of embedded electromagnets and surrounding dispersed fragments of magnetically attractable material. The electromagnets are energized across intact skin of a recipient of the device by state of the art induction means to cause contraction of the individual artificial muscle segments with resulting contraction of the muscle sheath to thereby squeeze cyclically a predetermined volume of blood through the flexible shunt which is equipped at opposite ends of the muscle sheath with check valves.

Abstract: A polarized miniature relay where the armature and the armature activated electrical contacts are positioned interior of the coil winding with the contacts injection molded in contact carriers and the contact carriers and armature preassemblable onto a bar magnet forming a single unit inserted into the coil interior.

Abstract: A miniature electromagnetic relay is disclosed having a two-piece coil supporting body, one piece of which constitutes a main body portion defining an internal switching space containing a moving armature and associated components together with contact switching members. Guide channels are provided in the main body portion allowing insertion of the switching components from a direction normal to the plane of movement of the armature. A second body portion closes the switching space. Various configurations are illustrated.

Abstract: A low energy mechanically driven and electromagnetically actuated ground fault trip indicator is taught. The ground fault trip indicator utilizes the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet in a first flux path to maintain a movable armature biased against a spring. An electromagnet is disposed to provide magnetic flux in opposition to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. The electromagnet is not energized for providing the opposing flux until a pulse is received from an appropriate ground fault trip detecting circuit. When the appropriate pulse of energy is applied to the electromagnet, a portion of the flux of the permanent magnet is cancelled allowing the spring to force the armature into a new position. In this position the flux of the permanent magnet is reestablished in a second flux path. When the indicator is in the latter position indication of the occurrence of a ground fault is given.

Abstract: An electro-magnet comprising a stationary system having a coil, a core and tationary flux-conductive yokes and with one part movable in longitudinal translation, comprising one permanent magnet whose magentizing axis is perpendicular to the moving direction of said movable part and two flux-conductive armatures secured to each pole face of said magnet in perpendicular relationship to said magnetizing axis, one of said flux-conductive armatures is so bent and/or shaped as to define, two air-gap regions arranged on either side of said magnetizing axis, whereas two yoke ends parallel to said magnetizing axis are placed in said air-gap regions.

Abstract: A rotary solenoid comprises a housing, a rotor rotatably mounted in the housing, the rotor and the housing being comprised of a magnetically permeable material, and a solenoid coil mounted in the housing about the longitudinal axis thereof. The housing has at least a first pole piece portion therein with the rotor further comprising at least a first permanent magnet means mounted therein for simultaneous rotation therewith. The first permanent magnet means has first and second null positions with respect to the first pole piece and is mounted in the plane of the first pole piece for rotation about the longitudinal axis and provides a reverse magnetic flux in the housing and rotor magnetically permeable material. The solenoid coil has an energized state and a deenergized state with the rotor rotating a predetermined angular amount about the longitudinal axis from an initial position in response to a predetermined potential applied to the coil in the energized state.

Abstract: A limited rotation motor has a stator and a rotor mounted for limited rotation relative to the stator. The stator is constructed to conduct bias flux through magnetic circuits that extend across air gaps between the stator and the rotor and a drive system produces drive flux which is conducted through magnetic circuits that extend across air gaps between the stator and rotor to drive the rotor. The stability of radial rotor position in its support bearings is enhanced by an imbalance in the bias flux magnetic circuits which continually produces a resultant radial force on the rotor so that a well defined radial position of the rotor is maintained over the range of limited rotation that the rotor moves in response to the drive system.

Abstract: The device includes a permanent magnet for attracting a movable iron armature. A pair of elongated rectilinear magnetic bodies have planar pole faces at one end facing the iron armature, and the permanent magnet is sandwiched between these two magnetic members intermediate their ends, with the permanent magnet extending perpendicularly to the magnetic members. Respective magnetizing windings embrace each magnetic member between the permanent magnet and the pole faces of the members, to produce a magnetic flux in the magnetic members opposing the flux provided by the permanent magnet so as to release the iron armature. In one embodiment of the invention, the other ends of the members, projecting beyond the permanent magnet, are angled to face each other to provide an air gap therebetween.

Abstract: A polarized electromagnetic relay includes an operating winding on a core and a two-legged pivotal armature whose first leg forms a first working air gap with one pole of the winding and whose second leg forms a second working air gap with an angular yoke. A permanent magnet is arranged parallel to the operating winding and provides a magnetic flux which is closed partially by way of the first armature leg and the first working air gap and partially by way of the second armature leg and the second working air gap. The armature is pivotally supported on a yoke plate which extends parallel to the operating winding and in alignment with and separated from a leg of the angular yoke. The angular yoke and the yoke plate each include a flat surface portion for mounting opposite end portions of the permanent magnet.

Abstract: A magnetic motor for use as an actuator for devices such as relays, indicators and the like.It comprises an electromagnetic winding having a core member to the opposite ends of which are fastened pole pieces which cooperate with a magnetically movable armature. An additional pole piece as well as a permanent magnet are also provided.One end of the armature is caused to contact or engage one of the pole pieces or, in the alternative, to engage or contact alternatively several different pole pieces. The opposite end of such armature is shaped so as to provide a generally U-shaped air gap with the other pole piece, and the armature is so positioned as to move from one side of coplanar relationship with such other pole piece to the other side thereof.

Abstract: The relay has an U-shaped and E-shaped yoke member with an interconnecting permanent magnet. An U-shaped armature rocks between the yoke members and is held by springs between them. The springs are attached with one end each to the E yoke member; in order to prevent sliding of the armature or yoke parts on changing position, the springs are constructed to permit resilient length compensation and are attached with the other end to the armature beyond a temporary fulcrum on the U yoke member.

Abstract: A drive system for causing a relatively massive scanning element, such as a mirror, to rotate back and forth about a scan axis, with minimum disturbance of the space vehicle which carries it, includes a counterbalance which oscillates about an axis parallel to axis of the element in the opposite direction and 180.degree. out of phase so that the net angular momentum of the system is zero. One or more buffer springs attached to the element encounter limit stops on the counterbalance, or vice versa, at the ends of the scan to stop and reverse the motions of both the element and counterbalance without reaction on the supporting members. For a given rate of scan, the energy of the system remains substantially constant but changes twice per cycle from kinetic energy during the coasting period (i.e., between contacts with the springs) to potential energy stored in the springs during reversal. Proper attention to the design of the bearings and of the springs and stops ensures minimum loss of energy.

Abstract: An immersed electromagnetic torque motor having a movable flapper is protected against the accumulation of contamination in magnetic gaps of the motor and the resulting jamming of the motor by coating the motor with a lacquer or other fluid-impermeable material and mounting the motor in a blind fluid chamber from which the flapper projects. An aperture is provided in the coating at a low flux area on the exterior of the motor to admit the immersing fluid for purposes of mechanical damping and, at the same time, to restrict the migration of fluid and contaminants toward magnetic gaps within the torque motor.