Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes an electromagnet device, an armature and a fixed terminal. By coil current through a coil, the electromagnet device generates first magnetic flux that forces the armature and the electromagnet device together or apart in a first end in a first direction of the armature. The armature is connected with a movable contact at a second end of the first direction and forces the movable contact and a fixed contact together or apart according to coil current. The fixed terminal is electrically connected with the fixed contact, and provided around the armature so as to cross the armature as seen from a second direction perpendicular to the first direction with the armature closing the fixed and movable contacts. Electric current through the fixed terminal generates a second magnetic flux in the armature, a direction of which is opposite to that of the first magnetic flux.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coil for producing a magnetic field having at least one winding (12), which is manufactured from a superconductor, is cast into a plastic and whose winding end (19) which is arranged at the circumference (13) of the winding (12) is used for making contact with an electrical conductor (15). In order to provide coils with windings (12) consisting of superconductors which make robust contact-making possible given simple production, an electrically conductive connection piece (30) with a base region (31), which is connected to the winding end (19), and a top region (32) for connecting the conductor (15) is provided for contact-making purposes, the base region (31) of said connection piece (30) being covered partially in the radial direction by a reinforcing insert (14), which is cast into the plastic (20) and at least partially surrounds the winding (12).

Abstract: A system for electronically actuating valves in an engine. The system includes a first voltage source, a second voltage source, and plural valve actuator subsystems coupled between the first voltage source and the second voltage source. Each valve actuator subsystem has a valve actuator and a switch. One of the actuator subsystems is configured so that current flows from the first voltage source through the valve actuator of the subsystem when the switch is in a first position, and when the switch is in a second position, current is permitted to flow from the valve actuator toward the second voltage source. Another of the valve actuator subsystems is configured so that current flows from the second voltage source through the valve actuator of the subsystem when the switch is in a first position, and when the switch is in a second position, current is permitted to flow from the valve actuator toward the first voltage source.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an internal combustion engine provide valve actuation that selectively couples an energy storage device to a launching coil to recover energy stored in the magnetic field and valve spring of the launching coil, decouples the energy storage device during a valve opening or closing event to control energy supplied to the catching coil, and couples the energy storage device to the catching coil to transfer energy from the storage device to the catching coil to provide a repeatable soft landing. A nonlinear feedback controller incorporates a feedforward system with an observer to control the rate of energy into the magnetic field of the catching coil while compensating for system losses and work to overcome gas forces within the combustion chamber. Feedback linearization techniques improve stability of the control system.

Abstract: An electromagnetic driving device includes an armature, a pair of electromagnets disposed in an opposed relation to each other on opposite sides of the armature so as to be able to apply an electromagnetic attracting force to the armature, and a pair of return springs for biasing the armature toward the electromagnets, respectively. In the electromagnetic driving device, the energizing quantity for the electromagnets is varied in accordance with operational conditions. Thus, it is possible to insure the attracting and maintaining of the armature to and on the electromagnets irrespective of changes in operational conditions. In addition, the energizing quantity for the electromagnets is varied in accordance with the distance between the armature and the electromagnets. Thus, it is possible to avoid a wasteful consumption of electric power in the electromagnets to enable a reliable attracting and maintaining of the armature.

Abstract: Solenoid for use in harsh difficult environmental conditions for actuation in a pulling motion along a straight line where the magnetic core travels within a stainless steel non-magnetic sleeve. The core uses a plurality of broad Teflon rings fitted in broad annular grooves to reduce friction and wear along its path of travel, to reduce cross-section tangential point to point contact wear, and to prevent sacrificial corrosion of the moveable magnetic core or sleeve due to galvanic action when moisture is present. The core is zinc coated and the sleeve is stainless steel for the prevention of corrosion and rust in order to ensure a smooth and contaminant free inner surface for proper and unhampered movement of the core. Annular Teflon bearings are utilized, as moisture will not cause the Teflon bearing to freeze in low temperature applications.

Abstract: An electrically operated valve having a mechanically actuated position for valving a fluid port between an open and closed position. A first tubular pole member contained within an electrical coil is movable between a first and second position with respect to a second, stationary, coaxially aligned tubular pole member. A reset spring urges the first pole member toward the first position. An armature, having a valve sealing surface at one end, is movable between first and second positions for alternately closing and opening a fluid port. The first pole member defines an air gap with respect to the second pole member which, during energization of the electrical coil, has associated therewith a magnetic flux with accompanying lines of magnetic force. One end of the armature is spaced closely adjacent to the air gap so that, upon energization of the coil, the magnetic force lifts the armature to the second position, overcoming a second biasing spring which normally maintains the armature in the first position.

Abstract: A solenoid includes a base formed with an external taper and an adjacent hub sleeve also formed with an external taper, the base and hub being joined by an alignment piece of non-magnetic material formed with a pair of internal tapers which are proportioned to mate with the external tapers of the hub and the base. The alignment insert assures and maintains a predetermined concentric coaxial alignment of the hub and base with respect to a common movable armature.

Abstract: A coil and trip mechanism to interrupt an electrical circuit having a dual counter-balanced armature arrangement, one a clapper type armature and the other a plunger type. The clapper armature is mounted for movement between a latched position and a tripped position. The plunger armature is mounted for sliding reciprocal movement in and out of the center of the coil between an extended latched position and a retracted tripped position. The armatures are oppositely spring biased toward each other, the stronger bias being provided by a coil spring urging the plunger armature toward the clapper thus holding it away from the trip coil in the latched position until the trip coil is energized. When the trip coil is energized, its electromagnetic force draws the plunger inwardly compressing the coil spring thus neutralizing its biasing force towards the clapper.