Abstract: A sensor for detecting whether liquid is present at a location in a tank, comprises a probe placed at the location, containing a negative temperature coefficient resistor (NTC) and a positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTC) mutually connected in series relation. The positive temperature coefficient resistor exhibits a progressive resistance variation responsive to temperature change. An electrical power source delivers a constant electric current to the probe. The detector further comprises a comparator for comparing the total resistance of the serially mounted resistors with a threshold.

Abstract: An electric motor protector sensor contains a small thermistor of low thermal inertia contained in a high temperature dielectric covering member in which electrical insulated lead wires are connected to opposite sides of the thermistor and extend out of the cover member to a current source to supply electrical current to the thermistor. An electrically insulating, thermally conductive silicone elastomer is positioned around the thermistor and lead wires to absorb forces on the sensor thereby protecting electrical contact between the lead wires and damage to the thermistor. Additionally, the lead wires can be twisted as extending out of the cover member and covered with another sleeve covering to provide improved protection against lead wire separation from thermistor surface electrical contact.

Abstract: In the manner of a tubular heater, a temperature sensor comprises a metallic tubular jacket with internal resistance wire coil embedded in insulating material and closing pieces having electrical connection members, so that a very simple, robust and high temperature-resistant temperature sensor with a measuring range up to e.g. approximately 750.degree. C. is obtained. The temperature sensor jacket can be earthed or grounded. For operating the temperature sensor there is appropriately a test current in the mA range in the case of a test voltage in the mV range, whose temperature-dependent changes are processed by means of an electronic amplifier.

Abstract: A thermistor positioned within a tubular probe adjacent its closed distal end has lead wires connected with terminals by both crimp and weld connections that are independent of one another. A non-rigid heat transfer medium fills the distal end portion of the probe in surrounding relationship to the thermistor. An opening in the sensor housing leads to the interior of the probe and receives a dielectric sleeve in which tail end portions of the terminals are positioned.

Abstract: The thermometer consists of an operational amplifier ratio bridge which is made up of at least one arm having a 3-terminal high impedance temperature sensor one of whose leads being connected to the output of an operational amplifier whose gain has been stabilized and whose output impedance has been rendered negligible by negative feedback. The other lead being connected to the input of an operational amplifier whose gain has been stabilized and whose input impedance has been rendered negligible by negative feedback. Standard arms, comprising standard resistors and capacitors and operational amplifiers whose gain has been stabilized by negative feedback may be connected in parallel with the first arm.

Abstract: A positive coefficient thin-film thermistor which is a thin film exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and having a thickness of 0.005 to 5 .mu.m and electrodes as constituting elements, and wherein the thin film is compound of a barium titanate based composition and the PTC characteristic is represented by a resistance variation in the transition of region of 1-10 orders of magnitude and a maximum resistance temperature variation rate of 1-20 orders/.degree.C.

Abstract: A sensor for thermal mass flowmeters is described herein. The sensor includes a plate-shaped, thin-film resistor and a cylindrical holder into which the resistor is fastened. In order to fasten the thin-film resistor in a mechanically stable manner, the end surface of the holder is provided with a pocket hole which closely matches the cross section of the thin-film resistor. The thin-film resistor is suitably inserted into this pocket hole and fastened therein with an adhesive agent.

Abstract: A resistance film of platinum is formed on an insulating substrate of alumina. The resistance film is divided by grooves passing therethrough to provide a zigzag resistance circuit pattern, and the film forms a pair of terminal electrodes electrically connected to end portions of the resistance circuit pattern, respectively. In order to stop transmission of heat generated in the resistance circuit pattern to the terminal electrodes, gaps for stopping heat conduction are formed between the resistance circuit pattern and each of the terminal electrodes.

Abstract: A resistance temperature detector for rapidly sensing temperatures in an operating environment by means of changes in the current through an element whose electrical resistance varies with temperature includes a fine wire coil whose electrical resistance varies with temperature, and a deposited coating of a rigid, coherent mineral, such as diamond, which is deposited over the fine wire coil.

Abstract: Provided are a temperature measuring probe separable from a main body which includes a signal processor, and an electronic clinical thermometer equipped with this probe. The temperature measuring probe includes a temperature measuring circuit supported by a flat, flexible, strip-shaped base member, in which the temperature measuring circuit is sealed by a coating member, such as a film, and/or a filler, one end thereof being treated to form a connector. This structure allows the overall probe to be formed into a film-, sheet- or plate-like configuration. Preferably, a core member is provided between the base member and coating member, with the flexibility and rigidity of the overall probe being decided by selecting the thickness, material and cross-sectional configuration of the core.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive element including an elongate ceramic mandrel having at least two non-insulated connection wires passing longitudinally therealong, which wires are connected to a bifilar winding wound over the outside surface of said mandrel, and an insulated coating of glass surrounding the elongate mandrel and its bifilar winding, the temperature-sensitive element being characterized by the fact that it includes at least one mineral-insulated screened cable having one end received inside the elongate mandrel, with the connection wires passing along the cable(s), and by the fact that the insulated covering also covers that zone of the mineral insulated-screened cable(s) which is immediately adjacent to the point where the cable(s) penetrates into said elongate mandrel. The invention is particularly suitable for measuring temperatures in the field of cryogenics and in the aerospace industry.

Abstract: A compact and inexpensive refractory monitoring temperature sensor and a compact and inexpensive refractory erosion location measuring device which can effect continuous detection of erosion over a wide range and specification of a location of an erosion and further can be re-used and used continuously. The temperature sensor includes at least two metal members and an insulating substance (2) filled between the metal members. The sensor detects a condition of an erosion of a refractory not from a melting breakdown of the sensor but from a variation in insulation resistance of the insulating substance which arises from a high temperature of the refractory due to erosion of the refractory. The measuring device incorporates such temperature sensor and discriminates an amount and a location of erosion of the refractory from a variation in insulation resistance between the metal members.

Abstract: An electric soldering iron has a barrel connected to a handle a one end and provided with an electric heating element for heating a tip at its other end. A detachable temperature sensor unit is located within the barrel and includes a tubular housing having a temperature sensor projecting from one end and positioned within a hollow bore in the tip to monitor the temperature thereof and electrical contacts on its other end readily detachably connected to electrical contacts of a heating control unit located within the handle. Either the temperature sensor or the housing is spring biased to urge the temperature sensor into close proximity with the tip.

Abstract: A temperature measuring probe includes a temperature measuring circuit having a temperature sensing body supported by a flat, flexible strip-shaped base member, in which the temperature measuring circuit is sealed by a coating member, such as a film, and/or a filler, one end thereof being treated to form a connector. This structure allows the overall probe to be formed into a film-, sheet-, or plate-like configuration. Preferably, a core member is provided to the base member and coating member, with the flexibility and rigidity of the overall probe being decided by selecting the thickness, material and cross-sectional configuration of the core. The core includes at least one cavity. The thickness of the core member at a portion of the at least one cavity being approximately the same as that of the temperature sensing body. The core member has a smoothly diminishing thickness from the at least one cavity toward the rearward end of the probe.

Abstract: The NTC temperature sensor includes a NTC temperature sensing element having an NTC resistor and made of a laminated composite of ceramic films, which is so designed that the ambient air or oxygen supplied by electrolytic pumping has free access, via a channel in the laminated composite, to the NTC resistor. The NTC resistor is hermetically sealed from a gas being measured. Solid electrolyte films which conduct O.sup.-2 ions, and films based on Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 can be used to make the laminated composite. The NTC resistor characteristic curve is independent of the composition of the gas being measured. The laminated composite can be formed of at least three solid electrolyte ceramic films including a base film provided with punched-out interconnection holes and conductor tracks printed by thick film technology, an intermediate film having a punched-out channel and a channel enlargement around the ends of the conductor tracks forming the electrodes of the NTC resistor, and a covering film.

Abstract: Provided are a temperature measuring probe separable from a main body which includes a signal processor, and an electronic clinical thermometer equipped with this probe. The temperature measuring probe includes a temperature measuring circuit supported by a flat, flexible, strip-shaped base member, in which the temperature measuring circuit is sealed by a coating member, such as a film, and/or a filler, one end thereof being treated to form a connector. This structure allows the overall probe to be formed into a film-, sheet- or plate-like configuration. Preferably, a core member is provided between the base member and coating member, with the flexiblity and rigidity of the overall probe being decided by selecting the thickness, material and cross-sectional configuration of the core. The temperature measuring circuit preferably is composed of the minimum number of required circuit elements, and individual probes are provided with interchangeability by trimming, selection of characteristics or other treatment.

Abstract: An elongate hollow tubular assembly mounts a temperature sensing element in a reservoir to determine the temperature of a liquid in the reservoir. The tubular assembly includes an inner tubular member constructed of a thin, light-weight, electrically insulating and thermally conducting material, an intermediate tubular member constructed of a thin, heat-sealable, dielectric material, having an end thereof which extends into the reservoir heat-sealed; and an outer tubular member constructed of a moldable, water-impervious, heat-resistant and durable material. A sealing arrangement is provided for sealing an end of the outer tubular member which extends into the reservoir.

Abstract: A thermal probe has a premolded single unitary plastic outer shell forming an open end adapted to receive a connector unit and having an inboard end defining a probe portion. The plastic outer shell has deformable walls forming a bore. A pair of terminals and wire leads connected to a thermistor have a plastic mounting member premolded thereon; the plastic mounting member is slideably press fit in the bore to position the thermistor within the bore and to axially locate the thermistor in spaced relationship to the inboard end of the outer shell. Side segments on the terminals extend outwardly of the plastic member and are embedded in the deformable walls of the bore to interlock the thermistor in place within the outer shell.

Abstract: A temperature sensor. Two thick films resistor elements are mounted to a substrate and then a thermistor coupled to those elements to form a voltage divider. The resistance of the thermistor is determined at a reference temperature and the thick film resistor elements are precisely trimmed using a laser trimming system to produce a precision voltage divider. To sense temperatures the voltage divider is energized and its resistance ratio is sensed utilizing a bridge circuit.

Abstract: Wires and a thermistor are isolated from the interior surface of a metal tube by a ceramic tube and a ceramic spacer to protect the thermistor and prevent breakdown of insulation on the wires.

Abstract: A thermistor-type liquid temperature probe which includes a thermistor of low thermal capacity, and thermistor leads of low thermal conductivity. The probe also has low heat dissipation, and exhibits a high output signal level when connected to a measuring circuit. The thermistor itself is electrically isolated from the liquid whose temperature is being measured so that shunt leakage currentg across the thermistor is minimal.

Abstract: A method for making mineral insulated metal sheathed (MIMS) cable is disclosed. A tube of relatively large diameter is filled with at least one electrically conducting rod and an insulator. The resultant tubular assembly is sealed, hot rolled, reduced on a pilger (tube reducer) mill and drawn into relatively thin wire cable. The method is especially suitable for thermocouple cable production. Other applications include heating cable and control cable manufacture.

Abstract: A thermal mass flow-meter used in particular for corrosive and hot gases. It includes a flow duct having at least two measuring resistors. At least one of these is arranged in the flow cross-section. At least one heat source is provided in the zone of influence of the measuring resistors; heat source and measuring resistance may be identical. For the purpose of obtaining long-term resistance to corrosion accompanied by great sensitivity as regards response, the measuring resistors consist of a thin-film resistor with a ceramic insulating member, a measuring resistor is connected to a ceramic support member by way of glass solder, and the support member is in turn connected to the flow duct by way of a glass solder element.

Abstract: An RTD assembly is welded directly to the heat receiving surface of a heat exchanger and shields the resistance element from the combustion gasses and thermally isolates the resistance element from the sheath of a sheathed cable which electrically connects the RTD to remotely located associated circuitry. The resistance element is maintained in direct contact with the heat receiving surface of the exchanger to provide an accurate measurement of the temperature of that surface.

Abstract: A thermometer probe comprising a temperature sensing element for sensing temperature of an object to be sensed, a conductor connected to the temperature sensing element for transferring the sensed temperature, an insulator for coating the conductor, and a water-resistant sheath for enclosing the temperature sensing element, the conductor, and the insulator. The opening end of the sheath is welded for enclosure of the temperature sensing element.

Abstract: A fast time response, exposed-element resistance temperature detector suitable for use under conditions of rapid changes in temperature requiring rapid and accurate temperature readings. In addition, a resistance temperature detector in accordance with the present invention can be effective under conditions where fluid flow velocity is low and fluid pressure is also low.

Abstract: A temperature sensing element (thermocouple, thermistor, or resistance temperature detector) for high temperature application is housed inside a metal tube, with lead wires to the temperature sensing element insulated from each other and the tube by a compactable mineral insulation material such as magnesium oxide. Initially the insulation material is in the form of a molded cylindrical preform with two lengthwise passages through which the lead wires are inserted. After the wires are inserted through the preform, the tube is placed around the preform and compressed to reduce its diameter. This crushes and tightly packs the insulation material around the lead wires. A strain relief and moisture seal may be provided at the end of the tube away from the temperature sensing element.

Abstract: A platinum temperature sensor includes a sensor body formed of a cylindrically rolled plate-type ceramic sheet and a platinum resistance pattern provided on the surface of the ceramic sheet. The platinum resistance pattern is provided on the inner or outer surface of the ceramic sheet. The sensor may further include lead wires, and the ceramic sheet may have through holes for lead wires, which are conductively connected to both ends of the platinum resistance pattern. The lead wires are connected to the platinum resistance pattern. The sensor may further include resistance regulating lines provided on the outer surface of the ceramic sheet, and the ceramic sheet may have through holes reaching the intermediate portion of the platinum resistance pattern. The resistance regulating lines are connected to the platinum resistance pattern through a plurality of said through holes, and may be selectively cut to adjust the resistance of the platinum resistance pattern.

Abstract: Multiple contact sensors located at axially spaced measurement zones, inside or outside of an elongated probe, closes a variable resistance circuit through the conducting substance being monitored, with monitoring means being a three-way or multicolored light emitting diode, which in connection with an AC power source and a transistor, changes color and luminosity as the substance being monitored reaches the various levels of the contact sensors.

Abstract: An oil leakage detection device is provided having a detection unit comprising: (a) an oil leakage detecting sensor which exhibits a positive resistance-temperature characteristic in response to changes in temperature, connected, in series, to (b) an oil leakage detecting sensor which exhibits a negative resistance-temperature characteristic in response to changes in temperature.

Abstract: A thermistor probe comprises a pair of springy pins (P) held in a body (1) and resiliently holding a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor chip (TH) between their tips. A second body (31) of glass-loaded plastics is injection moulded over the pins and chip and bonds integrally with body (1) to enhance the contact pressure and encapsulate the probe.The probe is suitable for vehicle engine air charge temperature measurement.

Abstract: A sensor used for electrical heating measurement comprises a sensor element having a rod, plural through holes provided straightly through the sensor in the longitudinal direction and plural metal thin wires inserted into and passed through the through holes and an electrically insulating member covering the sensor element, preferably the metal thin wires thinner than through holes are used, spaces around the metal thin wires are filled with ceramics powder and the powder is sintered by heating at lower temperature than the sintering temperature thereof.

Abstract: A temperature sensor. Two thick film resistor elements are mounted to a substrate and then a thermistor coupled to those elments to form a voltage divider. The resistance of the thermistor is determined at a reference temperature and the thick film resistor elements are precisely trimmed using a laser trimming system to produce a precision voltage divider. To sense temperatures the voltage divider is energized and its resistance ratio is sensed utilizing a bridge circuit.

Abstract: A thermal sensor assembly is shown as having first and second body sections with the first being a probe-like portion for introduction into a medium the temperature of which is to be monitored; first and second thermistors, electrically isolated from each other are situated within the probe-like portion; the first thermistor is in series with and between two terminals which are connectable to associated circuitry external of the sensor assembly; the second thermistor electrically connected to a third terminal is effective to complete a circuit to ground potential through the probe-like portion.

Abstract: A pair of spaced-apart electrically conductive strips are fused along their entire length to a ceramic substrate. The conductive strips are connected with a variable resistance device whose resistance varies with temperature. The ceramic substrate and components mounted thereon are inserted in a metal sheath to form a temperature sensing probe.

Abstract: Temperature responsive apparatus includes a housing having a pair of spaced-apart probes, each receiving a different thermistor. The housing includes a one-piece hollow plastic shell having the pair of spaced apart probes formed integral therewith. The entire hollow interior of the shell, including the probes, is filled with plastic material to encapsulate the thermistors received within the probes.

Abstract: A highly reliable bilge pump control system which distinguishes between oil and water and operates without a mechanical float switch. It uses a conductivity type probe of special construction which is unaffected by sludge and contamination at the oil-water interface. Multiple probes at varying depths feed high impedance operational amplifiers which operate a conventional pump through digital circuitry which assures that no oil is pumped from the bilge.

Abstract: In this high speed response type temperature sensor, a base body member is formed as a hollow tube with one closed end and one open end, and a temperature sensitive sensor layer is formed over at least part of its external surface. An electrode layer is arranged at at least a part of the periphery of the open end of the base body member, in contact with a part of the temperature sensitive sensor layer, and a protective cover layer is formed over at least a part of the sensor layer. Thus, since this sensor layer is formed on the external surface of the hollow tubular base body member, the opposing and contacting area between the sensor layer and the object whose temperature is to be measured becomes relatively large, and the distance therebetween is also reduced, so that the efficiency of heat conduction from the object to the sensor layer is greatly improved. Because the base body member is hollow, also, the overall heat capacity is greatly reduced.

Abstract: A thermometer probe or pyrometer for measuring the temperature in low-convection media is disclosed, which has a temperature-dependent resistor, a receiving sleeve which receives the resistor and a holding device. The resistor is covered by heat conducting material. The receiving sleeve is constructed as an elongated, thin-walled, tubular sleeve of poor heat conducting material and surrounds an elongated air chamber, through which are passed the leads to the temperature-dependent resistor.

Abstract: A hot-wire anemometer includes a graphite fiber hot wire forming one arm of a resistance bridge. Graphite fibers have high tensile strengths, relatively high temperature coefficients of resistance and other thermal and electrical properties which make them particularly suitable for use as anemometer hot wires. The graphite fibers may be doped or intercalated with chemical species that adjust their thermal and electrical properties.

Abstract: An electrically conductive liquid level sensor utilizing a pair of parallel closely spaced electrically conducting probes that are exposed within a liquid container for immersion in said liquid. The sensor includes an electrical insulator partition extending between the probes so as to interrupt any direct path therebetween while at the same time localizing the conduction path to a narrow band of liquid levels due to the close spacing of the probes.

Abstract: A thermistor-type liquid level probe formed entirely of corrosive-resistant material and having characteristics which make it highly reliable in service. The probe is particularly adapted for use in measuring the liquid level of corrosive liquids such as acids.

Abstract: A heat sensor adapted to be brought into contact at a forward end with a product heated in a microwave oven whose temperature is to be measured comprises an elongate tubular body consisting a protective armor. This body is open at the forward end. A thermally conductive pad is disposed in the body at its open forward end and projects from the body. A heat-sensitive electrical component is incorporated in the pad. A cable extending along the inside of the body connects this component to a temperature measurement electrical circuit. The open forward end of the body and the pad contact the product conjointly.

Abstract: A temperature measuring probe for measuring excess temperatures at the exhaust of an internal combustion engine is provided which incorporates an NTC resistor in a gas-tight metal housing. The housing is vacuum-tight, shock-proof, and vibration-proof (10 g RMS, 0 through 500 Hz) and the probe is suitable for temperature sensing up to about 700.degree. C. The probe is particularly suitable for use as a temperature monitor for turbo-chargers.

Abstract: There is provided a method for assembly of temperature probes. An insertion element or sensor such as a resistance temperature detector is mounted in a receiving cavity and surrounded by sufficient packing to electrically insulate the sensor. A stalk is utilized as a conduit for routing and insulating lead wires through the support casing. The stalk is notched at a point to facilitate the connection of wires threaded through the stalk to the sensor wires and to minimize the inadvertent contact of these wires with the metallic surfaces. The notch in the stalk protects the junction from contact with the metallic sides of the guide walls and protects the junction from mechanical stresses. To further protect the junction of the lead and sensor wires, the sensor is placed adjacent and parallel to the stalk prior to insertion. The stalk and the sensor are inserted simultaneously with the stalk coming to rest before the sensor travel stops, thereby minimizing the stresses to the junction.

Abstract: There is provided a temperature probe for measuring the temperature of the probe's surroundings and including a tip casing having an interior casing cavity in fluid communication with the probe's surroundings and at least one interior wall cavity located with respect to the interior casing cavity to facilitate heat transfer between the two cavities. A sensor such as a resistance temperature detector is mounted in the interior wall cavity and surrounded by sufficient packing to electrically insulate the sensor from the tip casing wall. A support casing is mated to one end of the tip casing with at least that portion of the support casing adjacent to the tip casing having an effective thermal conductivity lower than that of the tip casing. A heat dissipation mechanism such as a plurality of fins attached to the support casing may also be provided to limit heat transfer down the length of the support casing from the tip casing.

Abstract: A thermometer is provided which is insertable between two lamella of a heat exchanger. The thermometer exhibits a double channeled insulated pipe or tube for receiving the uninsulated leads which are connected to a temperature sensitive resistance at a supporting connection with a cap surrounding a heat conducting mass. The other end of the double channeled tube is inserted into a connector device which in turn leads to a relieved connecting cable.

Abstract: A device for discharging droplets liquid within nozzles as liquid droplets by utilizing thermal energy comprises said nozzles each provided therein or thereby with a conductive element to detect the state of liquid in the nozzle by measuring the change of electric current passing the conductive element.

Abstract: A rapidly responding, electric thermometer for measuring surface temperatures is described which permits only a minimum heat transfer of temperature. The thermometer consists of a housing open at the bottom in which, ending with the lower edge of the housing, a temperature sensor is embedded by means of a poorly heat conducting material. The heat transfer between the lower part of the housing and the upper part of the housing is suppressed to a great extend with several radial slits in the housing which allow only two or more bridges to remain standing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for indicating the temperature of the environment into which a reaction vessel may be placed is provided by a container holding a thermally efficient fluid. The container has an identical external configuration substantially identical to the reaction vessel and is adapted to be positioned within the environment in place of the reaction vessel. A temperature sensor in thermal communication with the thermally efficient fluid provides an electrical parameter indicating the temperature of such fluid and thus the environment of the reaction vessel.