Abstract: A paper machine dryer group has a plurality of rolls, including a guide roll and a tension roll, and a carrier belt traveling over the rolls and forming a continuous loop. The guide roll can be displaced to a location parallel to its axis as well as at an angle to the direction of movement of the carrier belt. The guide roll and the tension roll are coupled to each other in such a way that, when the guide roll is displaced, the tension roll is simultaneously displaced in such a direction and to such an extent that the carrier belt tension remains at least approximately constant.

Abstract: A dryer section apparatus as disclosed for drying a web of paper. The apparatus includes a plurality of dryer groups disposed successively relative to one another, such that the web is progressively dried during movement thereof through the dryer groups. The plurality of groups include a first single-tier group for drying the first side of the web, and a second two-tier group disposed downstream relative to the first group. A second single-tier group is disposed downstream relative to the two-tier group for restraining the web against cross machine directional shrinkage.

Abstract: A method and device for drying a paper web wherein the paper web is supported on a drying wire without long open draws of the web. The paper web is contact-dried by pressing it with the drying wire onto a face of a contact-drying cylinder whose diameter is greater than about 1.5 m on a sector b whose magnitude is greater than about 180.degree.. The web is evaporation-dried as blowing-on drying and/or as through-drying by means of high-velocity drying-gas jets applied to the web on the drying wire on the face of the following large-diameter cylinder whose diameter is greater than about 2 m on a sector a having a magnitude greater than about 180.degree. while the web is on the side of the outside curve. The web to be dried is passed over a sector c of the suction roll which is subjected to negative pressure while the web is supported on the drying wire at the side of the outside curve. The magnitude of the sector of the suction roll has a magnitude greater than about 160.degree.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method and a device in the drying section of a paper machine for reducing the tendency of the paper to curl. The paper web is dried on drying cylinders, against whose heated faces the paper web is pressed by means of a drying wire. In the drying section, groups of drying cylinders are used, in which twin-wire draw and/or single-wire draw is/are applied. In the drying section, hot water steam is fed substantially onto the entire width of the paper web, by means of which steam tensions that have been formed or that tend to be formed in the fiber mesh in the paper web are relaxed by means of heat and moisture in the area of their formation or substantially immediately thereafter. Moreover, the transverse curling profile and/or moisture profile of the paper web can be controlled by the steam treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device in the draw of a paper web for reduction and equalization of transverse shrinkage of the paper web in the drying section of a paper machine. The lateral areas of the wire running in conjunction with the paper web are provided with a coating adhesion means, whereby, by means of the coating adhesion means, at the drying stage an adhesion force is produced between the lateral areas of the wire and of the paper to prevent transverse shrinkage of the paper web.

Abstract: A drying section of a paper making machine has a series of single tier drying groups, all with their respective felt belts arranged so that the drying cylinders are in contact with and dry one side of the web. The single tier groups are followed by one double tier drying group wherein the web passes such that the top side, then the bottom side, then the top side, then the bottom side, etc. of the web is in contact with successive drying cylinders arranged in two rows. Steam under pressure is supplied to all the drying cylinders. In the double tier group of drying cylinders, the steam pressure supplied to a first set of drying cylinders in sequence is higher than the steam pressure supplied to a second set of drying cylinders.

Abstract: An apparatus in the dryer section of a papermaking machine for preventing the flutter of a paper web comprises an air blow box located between adjacent cylinders within a loop of a support fabric (F) formed by a guide roll. The blow box includes a blow chamber, into whose wall opens a nozzle for providing an ejector assembly together with an opposite wall included in the box. The walls build therebetween a flow path direct towards an uncovered section of support fabric (F). An air current discharging from nozzle is delivered through the flow path and into a space confined by the uncovered section of support fabric (F) and thereby through the support fabric. The air current creates a vacuum in a space defined between the ejector assembly and a section of support fabric (F) carrying the web (W).

Abstract: A drying control system and method for obtaining a substantially uniformly dried low moisture content web efficiently with reduced energy usage in a papermaking process is provided. The drying rate of the web in this process is precisely controlled by detecting and monitoring the web or felt low and high cross-direction temperature profiles and then actuating drying rate modulators as required to increase or decrease the drying rate to produce a substantially flat temperature profile in response to temperature profile information provided to an automatically or manually controlled central control system by web high temperature and low temperature sensors.

Abstract: A stuffed spiral link fabric, providing a supporting surface for transporting a web includes a plurality of synthetic spiral coil members connected together serially by elongated hinge members extending through intermeshed portions of adjacent intermeshing spiral coil members to form a spiral link fabric and a plurality of elongated shaped synthetic stuffer yarns extending through central portions of the spiral coil members to form a stuffed spiral link fabric. The stuffed spiral link fabric is heat set to form a fabric in which each spiral coil member has a cross sectional shape having arcuate ends joined by substantially straight portions and a central portion of each spiral coil member is substantially filled with a stuffer yarn which engages and is clamped to each intermeshed portion adjacent thereto, reducing the air and moisture permeability of the fabric and increasing the fabric stability. The stuffer yarn is modified in shape and trapped in place in the spiral fabric by the heat setting step.

Abstract: In an assembly for heat treatment of an endless web, comprising two rotatable rollers of which at least one roller is heatable, there is provided between the two rotatable rollers a heatable glide surface, stationary relative to the direction of movement for the web, designed to make contact with the outside of the endless web that circulates in the web loop. In this manner the web may be heat treated simultaneously on both sides. The glide surface enables the heat treatment of both sides of the web without using rollers requiring excessive space, thus also permitting the heat treatment of very short endless webs, which previously have had to be reversed and driven twice through the assembly to achieve heat treatment on both sides.

Abstract: A drying apparatus is disclosed for drying a web of paper. The apparatus includes a plurality of top felted drying sections for drying the web. Each of the drying sections is arranged in succession such that the web is restrained against cross-machine and machine directional shrinkage during passage of the web through the plurality of drying sections. A further single drying section only is disposed downstream relative to the plurality of drying sections such that the web extends between the plurality of drying sections and the further drying section. The further drying section includes an upper tier of dryers and an upper plurality of rolls which are disposed between adjacent dryers of the upper tier. An upper felt extends alternately around each dryer of the upper tier and each roll of the upper plurality of rolls. The further drying section also includes a lower tier of dryers and a lower plurality of rolls disposed between adjacent dryers of the lower tier.

Abstract: A plant (10) for the drying of wood panels and in particular veneer comprises two conveyor belts (12,13) overlying substantially in contact along a sinuous path between guide rollers (16) inside a drying chamber (11). The wood panels are conveyed between the overlying belts (12,13) from an input end to an output end of the chamber. Outside the path in mutual contact the two belts (12,13) wind on powered running rollers (17-20), the rollers (16) inside the sinuous path in contact being idling rollers. In particular, the powered rollers (17-20) are transmission rollers at one end of the sinuous path in mutual contact with the belts (12,13).

Abstract: A dry end of a paper making machine comprising two dryer groups of dryer cylinders each followed by a respective web path reversal roll, which may be in the form of a suction guide roll, and a respective porous web support belt that meanders past each dryer cylinder and the next web path reversal roll for each dryer group. The last one of the first dryer group reversal rolls and the first one of the second dryer group reversal rolls, and additional guide rolls for guiding both the first and the second support belts, being so placed that at the place where the web is transferred from the first support belt to the second support belt, there is a spaced distance between the first and the second support belts. A web separation device generally inside the loop of the first support belt and opposite the first one of the second reversal rolls directs air through the first support belt to help transfer the web from the first support belt to the second support belt at the first one of the second reversal rolls.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for cutting a paper web (W) in a group of drying cylinders provided with single-wire draw (13) in a paper machine or a finishing machine. The drying wire (13) is separated from the paper web (W) by one or more guide rolls (14a,14b) thereby creating an open draw (W.sub.o) of the web (W). The cutting of the paper web (W) is carried out at the open draw (W.sub.o) of the web (W). After the open draw (W.sub.o), the drying wire (13) and the web (W) are rejoined on the surface of the following leading or drying cylinder (11). Preferably, two guide rolls (14a,14b) are utilized whereby the first roll is disposed so that the drying wire (13) supports the web (W) up to the location of the guide roll (14a), which is followed by an open draw (W.sub.o) of the web. The drying wire (13) is returned onto the following leading or drying cylinder (11) with the second guide roll (14b).

Abstract: A dryer section of a paper making machine is divided into several dryer groups, each comprising a plurality of dryer cylinders, a plurality of reversing rolls between neighboring cylinders and a respective web supporting belt wrapping around the cylinders of a dryer group. Within each dryer group, the web travels, in continuous contact with the supporting belt, alternately over the dryer cylinders and the reversing rolls so that the web comes into direct contact with the cylinders and the supporting belt comes into direct contact with the reversing rolls. The cylinders are arranged in several rows which are inclined to the vertical, alternately rearwardly and forwardly defining V-shaped double rows. The end of each row and the starting point of the following row are formed by two cylinders arranged horizontally alongside of each other. The rows of dryer cylinders succeed each other in the manner of a zig-zag line. Each inclined row comprises about three cylinders.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for drying a web of paper emerging from a press section of a papermaking machine. The apparatus incudes a first dryer section means for initiating the drying of the first side of the web. A first transfer arrangement transfers the web from the press section to the first dryer section. A second dryer section is disposed downstream relative to the first dryer section for initiating the drying of a second side of the web, the second side of the web being opposite to the first side thereof. A first dryer transfer arrangement transfer the web without open draw between the first and second dryer sections. The first dryer transfer arrangement permits both threading of the web without the assistance of threading ropes and the drying of both sides of the web.

Abstract: Arrangement for the transfer of a paper web from the press section 10 to the dryer section 20 of a paper machine, where a water-absorbent felt belt 11 of the last press 13, 14 has at the same time the function of a transfer felt 11; i.e., the transfer felt 11 transports the paper web 9 from the press section 10 to the dryer section 20. There, the transfer felt serves to force the paper web onto at least the first drying cylinder 21. This drying cylinder and additional drying cylinders 22 lie therefore outside the continuous loop of the transfer felt 11.

Abstract: The drying section of a paper-making machine has a first drying group of a horizontal row of first drying cylinders which alternate with reversing rollers. A first upper web support belt wraps over the top of a first drying cylinder and then wraps the associated first reversing roller. An adjacent second drying group of a horizontal row of second drying cylinders which alternate with reversing rollers. A second lower web support belt wraps over the bottom side of a second drying cylinder and then wraps the associated second reversing roller. The drying cylinders and their reversing rollers are supported on two longitudinal beams which extend beneath the rows of drying cylinders. The drying cylinders of the second group lie at least at the same height above or higher above the longitudinal beams of the drying cylinders than the drying cylinders of the first group. The seocnd drying group is of a height to provide a clearance space over the floor and beneath lower support belt return path guiding rollers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a dryer section of a papermaking machine comprising between 10 and 20 cylinders in with each of the cylinders is gas fired to have an operating temperature of between 500.degree. F. and 700.degree. F. A dryer fabric operating with these cylinders capable of withstanding the above temperatures. The fabric is of coil construction of porosity of between 600 and 1000 CFM. The yarn forming the fabric is a monofilament formed of PEEK.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for removing fluid from a fibrous web. The apparatus includes a press member and a blanket which cooperates with the press member for defining therebetween an elongate pressing section such that the web is pressed between the press member and the blanket during passage through the pressing section. An elongate shoe urges the blanket towards the press member such that when the web passes through the pressing section, fluid is removed from the web. A heater is disposed adjacent to the press member for transferring heat to the web such that when the web passes through the press section, the web is subjected for an extended period to increased pressure and temperature so that water vapor generated within the pressing section during passage through the pressing section forces the fluid in the liquid phase away from the web. The press member defines a pressing surface which is porous so that delamination of the web is inhibited.

Abstract: A pocket ventilation system for the dryer section of a paper machine. The ventilation system comprises a plenum with a plurality of orifices producing medium velocity air jets injecting air in the pocket through the dryer fabric, and an orifice producing a high velocity air jet creating a negative pressure zone extracting moisture laden air from the pocket.

Abstract: A paper web travels together with a support belt over two heatable drying cylinders and a guide roll between the cylinders, which together define a pocket. Vacuum prevails in the pocket upon operation. Above the pocket there is provided a sealing strip support with sealing strips fastened to it. The sealing strips are at the drying cylinders where they enter the pocket, and these strips counter the penetration of air into the pocket. The sealing strip support is moveable in various ways so that the distance between the sealing strips and the cylinder outer surfaces can be enlarged temporarily. The guide roll is hollow, is connectable with a vacuum source and has a perforated roll shell and is free of stationary inserted parts. A separate vacuum source communicates with extra perforations at axial end edge chambers of the guide roll for applying greater vacuum at the edge chambers than over the remainder of the roll.

Abstract: A veneer dryer has an entry end and an exit end. A conveyor conveys sheets of veneer through the dryer from the entry end to the exit end. A drying medium is applied to the veneer in the dryer. The conveyor includes a first plurality of drums, each having an axis of rotation and being rotatably mounted in the dryer and a pair of belts permeable by the drying medium. The belts run together around the drums. The sheets are captured for conveyance through the flow of drying medium in the dryer between the belts.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for use in the drying section of a paper machine, which apparatus comprises a drying cylinder group formed by drying cylinders and a roll group formed by rolls, preferably suction rolls located at a different height relative to the drying cylinders. The geometric rotational axis of the roll located in an area between two adjacent drying cylinders in a different height position is spaced away from the center plane between the center axes of the drying cylinders. The surface of the roll, preferably a suction roll, is adapted to be located as close to the surface of the drying cylinder on the web outgoing side of the roll as possible, whereby the free transfer distance of the outgoing side is minimized.

Abstract: A method of papermaking in which a wet paper web is supported on press felt and passed through the nip between cooperating press rolls to extract water from the web. The felt, supporting the paper web, then travels through a span of distance and is passed around a heated dryer roll in the dryer section with the felt being interposed between the heated roll and the paper web. The felt is thus heated and insulates the paper web from the high temperature roll. The paper web is separated from the felt and travels around the remaining dryer rolls in the dryer section, while the heated felt is returned to the nip into position to support the wet paper web.

Abstract: A dryer section of a paper or board making machine has a plurality of dryers. In a first group of dryers, each dryer heats the web somewhat more, but not to the level of the maximum evaporation rate of the moisture contained in the web. As the web is passing the end of the first group, the web is heated to such a high temperature that it reaches the maximum evaporation rate of the moisture in the web. The dryers in the first group have smaller diameters, which may gradually increase up to the region of the maximum evaporation rate, or they may all be of one smaller size. The dryer section has a second group of dryers in which each dryer heats the web to the maximum evaporation rate of the moisture contained in the web. The dryer at the beginning of the second group has the largest diameter. The following dryers in that group can have a smaller diameter. The dryers in the second group may be grouped in groups of decreasing size, or may gradually decrease in size.

Abstract: A vacuum guide roll apparatus is disclosed for guiding a web between an upstream dryer and a downstream dryer of a dryer section. The apparatus includes a perforate roll shell having a first and a second end. The shell defines an elongate chamber which extends between the first and the second ends. A first and second shaft are rigidly secured to and disposed coaxially relative to the shell. The shafts are disposed adjacent to the first and second ends respectively of the shell. The shafts define respectively a first and second journal. A first and second bearing cooperate with the first and second journals respectively for rotatably supporting the roll shell. A housing is disposed coaxially relative to the shell and adjacent to one of the shafts. The housing defines a passageway which is connected to a source of partial vacuum. A first annular seal is disposed between the housing and the one shaft for sealing the housing relative to the one shaft.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder dryer for a paper machine having several drying groups situated one after the other, in which drying cylinders are situated one above the other in stacks, preferably in vertical stacks. In subsequent groups, a web is passed from one drying cylinder onto a next drying cylinder by way of a single-wire draw, so that the drying cylinders in the single-wire draw groups are situated outside the loops of their respective drying a wires. The web is passed as a supported draw from one single-wire group to a subsequent single-wire group by using at least two transfer-suction rolls. A first one of the transfer-suction rolls is situated inside a loop of a drying wire of the preceding single-wire draw group. The second or final transfer-suction roll is situated proximate to the first suction roll and inside a loop of a drying wire of the latter or subsequent single-wire draw group, proximate to a first drying cylinder in this subsequent group.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus is disclosed for transferring a tail of a web from a press roll to a dryer of a dryer section. The apparatus includes a lead-in roll which is disposed adjacent to and spaced relative to the press roll for leading the tail of the web from the press roll towards the dryer. A dryer felt extends around the lead-in roll and from the lead-in roll to the dryer such that the tail is supported by the felt from the lead-in roll to the dryer. The felt and the dryer define therebetween a positive air pressure in-going nip.

Abstract: Multi-cylinder dryer, has upper cylinder (13,14,15,16) and lower cylinders (10,11,12) over which a paper web (W) to be dried is run in meandering fashion from one cylinder onto the next cylinder The paper web is in direct contact with each drying cylinder within a sector that is larger than 180.degree.. An upper wire (5) and a lower wire (6) are used to press the paper web against faces of the drying cylinders (10,11,12; 13,14,15,16). The wires (6,5) are guided by guide rolls, which are placed in such a way that the paper web (W) is continuously supported by a wire (5,6) as it runs from one cylinder onto the other. The guide roll arrangements consist of fragmentary rolls (21,51), which are supported on suction boxes (20) and/or on blow boxes (50) so that at least two fragmentary rolls (21,51) are supported on each suction box (20)/blow box (50). By means of the suction boxes (20)/blow boxes (50), blowings (S,P) are directed at the drying wire (5,6).

Abstract: Method and device in multi-cylinder dryers of a paper machine, which the dryers comprise two lines of drying cylinders (10,11), in whose connection twin-wire draw is applied, by means of whose drying wire (F1,F2) a closed draw is obtained in the transfer of the paper web (W) from one cylinder line onto the other. In the closed draw, the guide rolls (12/13) of the drying wires (F1/F2) are placed at the proximity of the run of the other wire (F2/F1) on which the drying wire runs from its drying cylinder (11/10) to its guide roll (13/12). For the purpose of ventilation of the pockets (T1,T2) defined by the drying wires (F1,F2) and by the free faces of the drying cylinders (10,11), an air jet or air jets (S1) are blown against the drying wires (F1,F2) within the area in which the drying wire (F1/F2) contacts a portion of the web (W) supported by the other drying wire F2 /F1 which runs over a segment of the circumference of the guide roll (13/12) of the other drying wire F2/F1.

Abstract: An air press for use in drying web material, such as corrugated board, characterized by a plurality of individual plenums pressing a double-backer belt against the web material as it is being transported over a plurality of steam chests for drying. Each of the plenums is provided with brushes for sealing the periphery of the plenum relative to the belt and has an individual blower and an individual venting door so that both the humidity of the air in the plenum, as well as the pressure, can be individually controlled.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus is disclosed for transferring a web from a press nip to a dryer section. The apparatus includes a backing roll and a press member which cooperates with the backing roll for defining therebetween the press nip. A press blanket extends through the press nip such that the web is disposed between the blanket and the backing roll during passage of the web through the press nip. A backing drum is disposed downstream relative to the press nip such that the blanket and the web extend contiguously relative to each other from the press nip to the backing drum. A dryer felt cooperates with the backing drum such that the web is disposed between the blanket and the felt during passage of the blanket, web and felt around the backing drum and a transfer mechanism is disposed adjacent to the backing drum for transferring the web without an open draw from the blanket to the felt such that the web follows the felt through the dryer section.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for drying a web of paper emerging from a press section of a papermaking machine. The apparatus includes a first dryer section for transferring the web from the press section to the first dryer section. A second dryer section is disposed downstream relative to the first dryer section for initiating the drying of a second side of the web. A first dryer transfer means transfers the web without open draw between the first and the second dryer sections. The first dryer transfer includes a downstream vacuum roll, a downstream felt roll and a felt extending between the downstream vacuum roll and the downstream felt roll such that the web is conveyed and disposed between the felt and the second dryer section.

Abstract: The invention consists of modified dryer section in a papermachine wherein elements normally found in the press section of the machine are included in the dryer section. The modification consists of the use of a press felt instead of a dryer felt and the addition of press rolls, adjacent to the dryer cylinders, forming nips through which the felt and the wet paper sheet to be dried are passed. Pocket ventilation rolls are also included to evaporate water absorbed by the felt from the paper sheet during passages through the nips. The dryer section incorporating these modifications can be viewed as a press-dryer hybrid. Improved dryer efficiency and lower costs per ton of paper produced are the results.

Abstract: A tail cutter apparatus is disclosed for cutting a tail from a web extending through a single tier dryer section. The apparatus includes a dryer of the drying section and a felt extending contiguously with the web around the dryer, the web being disposed between the felt and the dryer for drying the web. The further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and the felt and web extend contiguously around the further dryer with the web being disposed between the felt and the further dryer for further drying the web. A felt roll is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and upstream relative to the further dryer for guiding the felt during movement of the felt between the dryer and the further dryer. A guide roll is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and upstream relative to the further dryer for guiding the web during movement of the web away from the towards the felt roll such that a first and second open draw of the web are defined between the felt roll and the guide roll.

Abstract: A drive for the guide roll of a drying felt or wire in the drying group of a paper machine, or the like. A gear transmission drives a selected one of the paper web guide rolls, which may be a drying cylinder, in a first group of rolls. The felt or wire is wrapped around a second group of rolls comprising felt or wire guide rolls. The one felt or wire guide roll located nearest the gear transmission is connected to the shaft of a drive gear of the gear transmission via a belt drive connection. Thus, rotation of the drive gear of the gear transmission via the gear transmission drives the one selected driven roll of the first group, and via the belt drive connection drives the driven felt or wire guide roll.

Abstract: A single-wire drying group in a paper machine is disclosed including a plurality of drying cylinders whose axes are situated in a substantially common plane, a drying wire carrying a web between successive drying cylinders, one or more deflection rolls, each situated between a pair of successive drying cylinders and wherein the web-carrying drying wire has an incoming run from a drying cylinder to a deflection roll whereupon the drying wire runs over a deflection sector of the deflection roll and then to a subsequent drying cylinder. A blow box has a wall which defines a gap space with the incoming run of the web-carrying wire and a gas flow is directed through the gap space to induce an under pressure on the incoming run to fix the web on the drying wire.

Abstract: Method and device in a cylinder dryer of a paper machine, in which a paper web is guided in connection with upper cylinders by using an upper wire and in connection with lower cylinders by using a lower wire. The wires are guided by faces of the respective drying cylinders and by guide rolls situated in spaces between the cylinders so that on an upper line of cylinders the web is pressed by the upper wire into direct drying contact with the faces of the upper cylinders, and the web is pressed by the lower wire into the faces of the lower cylinders in a lower line of the cylinders. In the method and in the device, the web is passed from one line of cylinders to the other over a certain distance as an open draw. A drying-air blowing is directed at the drying wires within an area of a line at which the respective drying wires are detached from the respective drying cylinders.

Abstract: The present invention is an air guide box. The box has a guide wall intended to lay adjacent to a running web. The guide wall has an air suction channel and a discharge opening. A drive jet blows air into the air suction channel to create suction, with the air being expelled through the discharge opening.

Abstract: A dryer section apparatus is disclosed for drying a web. The apparatus includes a first and second tier of dryers which include, respectively, a first, second dryer and a third dryer. The arrangement is such that the web moves from the first dryer towards and around the third dryer and subsequently to and around the second dryer. A transfer roll is disposed between the first, second and third dryers such that the distance between the transfer roll and the first dryer is less than the distance between the transfer roll and the second dryer. A dryer felt extends contiguously with the web around the first dryer with the felt then extending around the transfer roll and thereafter around the second dryer such that a pocket is defined between the web extending between the dryers, the third dryer and the felt.

Abstract: A multiculer dryer in a paper machine, having several successive cylinder sections of which one or more are equipped with a twin-wire draw in a manner such that a web being dried is drawn unsupported between cylinder rows. A closed draw is used in section gaps in a manner such that a drawing or supporting wire of a preceding section is conveyed to contact a top cylinder of a following section at a small angle. A special section gap cylinder is used near the section gap, the cylinder either not being driven or which from a point of view of the drive, belongs to the preceding drying section. The drying wire of the preceding section is wound over the section gap cylinder, preferably over a sector greater than about 180.degree., this drying wire either being a single wire-wire draw drying wire or a top wire of a preceding section twin-wire draw. The web supported by the wire is guided as an essentially vertical run from the sector of the section gap cylinder to the top cylinder of the next section.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a drum or roll which may be heated to high operating temperatures and is particularly useful in situations where a high heat flux is required under conditions of high nip and distributed loads on the drum. It consists of a relatively thin rotating shell supported on an axially located stationary inner core. The core has a plurality of shell support bearings. These have close radial clearances with the inner surface of the shell at each location where an extrnal nip roll would be engaged. The spaces between the shell support bearings form pressurizable chambers. These chambers can be filled with a hot pressurized fluid for supporting the shell between the supports located at the nip positions. In one application the roll would be used as the drum in a belt and drum press having high nip loads at several locations and high distributed loads applied by a tensioned belt. The fluid support system for the rotatable shell enables a very thin shell to be used.

Abstract: An apparatus in the dryer section of a paper or board making machine, wherein the section has a plurality of dryers. There is an initial region of dryers, each of which heats the web somewhat more, but not to the level of the maximum evaporation rate of the moisture contained in the web. It is not until the web is passing the end of said initial region that the web is heated to such a high temperature that it reaches the maximum evaporation rate of moisture in the web. The dryers of the initial region have smaller diameters, which may gradually increase up to the region of maximum evaporation rate, or they may all be of one smaller size. Following the initial region the dryer section has a region of dryers in which each dryer heats the web to the maximum evaporation rate of the moisture contained in the web. The dryer at the beginning of that regions has the largest diameter.

Abstract: A dryer section in which a paper web to be dried meanders successively over several drying cylinders, which are arranged in two rows one above the other. To the top row of cylinders is allotted a top supporting belt and to the bottom row of cylinders a bottom supporting belt. Between each two drying cylinders each of the supporting belts runs over a carrier roll. At the open paper draws are provided web stabilizers of which each exhibits several nozzle elements with one air blow slot each and a web-guiding surface interacting with it. The direction of flow of the blow air is at all nozzle elements the same as the direction of travel of the paper web. Each web stabilizer is designed as an exhaust-air box surrounding the nozzle elements, to which an exhaust-air pipe is connected.

Abstract: A dryer apparatus is disclosed for drying a web extending through a dryer section of a paper machine. The apparatus includes a first and a second dryer. A dryer felt movably extends around the dryers such that the web is disposed between the dryers and the felt for drying the web. A vacuum transfer roll is disposed downstream relative to the first dryer and upstream relative to the second dryer such that the web and the felt extend around the transfer roll so that the felt is disposed between the web and the transfer roll when the web and the felt move around the transfer roll. A seal device extends between the first and the second dryers for reducing a flow of air between the first and the second dryers into a pocket defined by the transfer roll and the felt extending between the dryers and the transfer roll.

Abstract: A belt on drum-type press which provides for utilization of a maximum amount of the drum circumference and provides a wide latitude of choice in the relationship between belt tension and press roll nip forces on the drum. In the preferred embodiments the press has a central drum free of axial bending moments and stresses.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus is disclosed for transferring a web from a press section to a first dryer of a dryer section. The apparatus includes a lead-in roll which is disposed closely adjacent to the press section. A felt extends around the lead-in roll and from the lead-in roll to the first dryer such that the web extends in an "open draw" from the press section to the lead-in roll and is thereafter supported by and beneath the felt towards a dryer nip defined between the felt and the first dryer. A vacuum generating device is disposed adjacent to the dryer nip such that the web and the felt are disposed between the vacuum generating device and the first dryer. The web is disposed between the felt and the first dryer, and the vacuum generating device induces a partial vacuum in the vicinity of the nip so that wrinkling and breakage of the web as the web approaches the nip is inhibited.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for removing fluid from a fibrous web. The apparatus includes a press member and a blanket which cooperates with the press member for defining therebetween an elongate pressing section such that the web is pressed between the press member and the blanket during passage through the pressing section. An elongate shoe urges the blanket towards the press member such that when the web passes through the pressing section, fluid is removed from the web. A heater is disposed adjacent to the press member for transferring heat to the web such that when the web passes through the press section, the web is subjected for an extended period to increased pressure and temperature so that water vapor generated within the pressing section during passage through the pressing section forces the fluid in the liquid phase away from the web. The press member defines a pressing surface which is porous so that delamination of the web is inhibited.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a dryer fabric belt used in the dryer section of a papermaking machine. The dryer fabric belt is subjected to tension forces in a machine direction by a stretch roll over which the belt travels, and is substantially free from tension forces in the cross-machine direction. The dryer fabric belt includes a plurality of hinge yarns, each extending in the machine direction continuously throughout the length of the dryer fabric. A plurality of spring coils are disposed in a common plane in a side by side relationship. Each of the coils extends in the machine direction. Adjacent coils of the spring coils are intermeshed and held together in intermeshing relationship by at least one of the hinge yarns.