Abstract: A heated roll member especially adapted to provide a uniform temperature surface for embossing or calendering low basis weight cellulose or polymeric webs. The roll member comprises outer and inner shells with an annular chamber therebetween and apertures in the inner shell which introduce fluid into or remove fluid from the annular chamber. Specially constructed apertures, each provided with a flow diverting means, produce fully turbulent flow in a heated fluid moving axially within the annular chamber. A controlled level of turbulence in the fluid is initiated at the aperture and is maintained throughout the annular chamber, such that "hot" or "cold" areas do not develop on the surface of the outer shell.

Abstract: A paper machine dryer cylinder mounts a plurality of circumferentially spaced stud clamps which project from the inside face of the panel, each stud clamp constituting a slotted, arcuate body with a screw spanning the slot to reduce the diameter of a central opening within the body and to which a dryer bolt head is clamped to fix the panel to the end face of the dryer cylinder to reduce heat loss axially of the cylinder.

Abstract: A dryer drum for a paper making machine with a shell and end heads and steam delivery means and a plurality of headers extending axially and uniformly circumferentially spaced a relatively short length each carrying a row of dipper straws projecting adjacent the inner surface of the shell with the headers fixed to the shell surface and flexible tubes connecting the headers to a main conduit for removal of the condensate.

Abstract: A heat pipe roller comprising an inner pipe, an outer pipe, and a chamber formed by the inner pipe and the outer pipe, containing a heating medium, wherein the inner pipe and the outer pipe are sealed above one portion of each end of the heat pipe roller.

Abstract: An apparatus for scavenging condensate from the interior of a cylinder, such as a drying cylinder of a papermaking machine, which is heated by means of condensable medium. The apparatus comprises a siphon arranged in the cylinder and forming a mainly radial passage. One end of the passage opens in the vicinity of the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder while the other end of the passage is in communication with a condensate scavenging pipe which extends along the cylinder axis and is in communication with a region outside the cylinder to scavenge condensate from the interior of the cylinder. The passage formed by the siphon is composed of a plurality of parallel and mutually delimited part passages. A pressure difference sensing means is arranged in the cylinder to sense the difference between the pressure in the cylinder and respectively a pressure depending upon the pressure drop in the siphon and a preset reference pressure.

Abstract: A Yankee clyinder whose internally heated shell consists of steel or cast iron and is provided with an external layer of pure or alloyed copper, molybdenum, tungsten or another metal whose thermal conductivity greatly exceeds (and preferably amounts to at least twice) the thermal conductivity of the material of the shell. The thickness of the layer is in the range of 0.4-2 millimeters, and the thermal expansion coefficient of its material is identical to or approximates that of the material of the shell. The layer can be applied to the periphery of the shell in molten state in the form of a finely atomized spray. The drying action of such cylinder upon a running paper web greatly exceeds the drying action of a cylinder whose shell consists exclusively of cast iron or steel.

Abstract: A steam heated dryer drum having one or more spoiler bars secured against its inner shell wall to extend longitudinally and substantially parallel with the axis of rotation. The spoiler bars generate turbulence in the condensate to lower the resistance to heat transfer through the shell wall. No screws, bolts, rivets or the like, which would necessitate penetration of the shell wall, are required or used to secure the bars. In one embodiment, the bars themselves have a bridge-shaped cross sectional configuration and are made of a magnetic material. Their bridge legs form the north and south poles of the magnetic bar and have their ends contoured to correspond to the drum shell radius of curvature.In another embodiment, magnets having a bridge-shaped cross section are used.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying web materials is disclosed, including a drum, means for supplying steam under pressure to the interior of the drum, passage means extending axially in a portion of the outer drum wall and through one of its end walls for removing condensed steam formed within the drum therefrom, groove means extending circumferentially around the inner surface of the cylindrical drum for collecting condensed steam and supplying it to the passage means, throttle means outside of the end wall, vacuum condensing means under reduced pressures for condensing steam carried by the condensate, and discharge conduit means connecting the throttle means to the vacuum condensing means, the throttle means being adapted to provide a pressure drop between the passage means and the discharge conduit.

Abstract: A method of improving the drying characteristics of a cylinder drying section of a paper or a cardboard machine so that an essentially even transverse moisture profile of the dried paper or cardboard web is achieved by this drier comprises coating the rim areas of the outer jacket surface of at least some of the drying cylinders with a heat-insulating foil.

Abstract: The dryer drum is provided with header pipes which are rotatable about their axes so that the scavenging pipes can be serviced from within the shell of the drum. The drain pipes are detachable from the header pipes and the drain line to permit rotation of the header pipes. Radial tie rods and U-shaped brackets support the header pipes on the steam drum within the shell.

Abstract: An ink roller for a printing press having a cylindrical outer shell presenting a roller surface and having a control fluid-displacing core, a hollow cylindrical partition being interposed between the shell and the core to define inner and outer annular passageways connected in series having respective inlet and outlet openings. A source of cooling fluid is connected to the inlet opening so that a feed stream of cooling fluid flows longitudinally through the inner passage and turns around to form a cooling stream flowing in counterflow relation through the outer passage. The cylindrical partition is formed of conductive material so that heat absorbed at a given region of the roller surface by the cooling stream flows radially inwardly for absorption by the feed stream at substantially the same rate, so that the cooling stream has only minimum net gain or loss of heat; this tends to equalize the temperature along the length of the cooling stream and hence along the length of the roller surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying a traveling fibrous web such as paper including a hollow cylindrical dryer drum with means for directing a flow of steam into the drum and for removing condensate from the inside of the drum and positioning an axially elongate bristle support with bristles projecting radially outwardly so that the support and bristles form a brush of substantial uniform axial density to generate a visual high level of turbulence in the condensate and decrease the rotational speed of the layer of rimming condensate formed on the inner surface of the drum shell.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical dryer drum having an outer surface with a working face for heat drying a traveling paper web with a plurality of axially extending bars on the inner surface of the drum and an annular ring dam positioned against the ends of the bars and spaced from one end of the drum to provide a condensate removal channel between the end of the drum and the ring.

Abstract: Regenerative compression-combustion-expansion cycle engines are utilized to generate hot, high pressure gases for heat transfer use. The gas generation equipment includes temperature modulation by water injection, recycle of spent gas, and injection of turbine-expanded gas into the main hot gas stream. Separate combustion chambers are also utilized for exploiting low-cost fuel and increasing gas temperature. Special heat transfer equipment including helical nozzle arrays are provided for paper drying, the nozzle arrays being arranged to indirectly heat materials, such as paper, being dried, to radiantly heat such material, and to directly heat such material by impinging hot gas directly thereon. Continuously cleaned rotary filters, as well as jet operated doctor blades may be used in association with the nozzles.

Abstract: The apparatus consists of a hollow cylindrical case arranged at an angle to the horizontal axis of its rotation. Disposed in a space inside the case are coils each bent into a helix of suitable shape, arranged coaxially relative to other coils and connected to manifolds which are attached to an internal wall of the case, each with only one of its ends and are connected to a space between the walls of the case passing wherethrough is a heat carrier. The points where the coils are connected to the manifolds are separated from the internal wall of the case by a distance anywhere between 1/3 and 1/2 of the internal diameter of the case of the drier.

Abstract: A rotary hollow shell cylindrical heat transfer roll for either chilling or heating a web has a device therein for controlling a heat transfer liquid to flow as a uniform thin layer stream in heat transfer relation to the inner cylindrical surface of the roll substantially throughout the width and limited to substantially the circumferential length of the area of the outer periphery of the roll over which the web travels. The direction of flow of the heat transfer stream is opposite to the direction of rotation of the roll.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for dehydrating suspensions by means of a vacuum filter and consisting of applying the suspension to the surface of the vacuum filter, directing steam along the path parallel to the surface and thereafter passing the steam into contact with the filter cake on the surface.

Abstract: The inflow line to the drying cylinder is provided with a quantity measuring means to determine the amount of steam being delivered to the cylinder as well as a pressure-regulating means for controlling the pressure prevailing in the cylinder. A signal emitter receives a measurement signal from the quantity-measuring means and transmits a control signal to the pressure-regulating means to bring about an adjustment in the pressure. Use is also made of a bypass line and a thermocompressor to draw steam from the condensate-separator to maintain a constant flow of steam in the drying cylinder.

Abstract: The internal ribs of the drying cylinders are formed with cross-sections which are of parabolic shape or substantially parabolic shape in order to obviate any additional thermal stressing of the cylinder. The rib cross-sections are each situated in a zone bounded outwardly by a hexagon which consists of a rectangle of full rib width and a height equal to 0.75 times the rib height and an adjoining trapezium having a width 0.65 times the maximum rib width at the top of the rib and inwardly by a pentagon of a width of 0.7 times the full width at mid-height of the rib and an apex at the maximum height of the rib.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for use in controlling the temperature of a drum of a steam heated drum dryer utilizes air and steam, the air under a pressure control and the steam under a temperature control. The temperature control is responsive to the temperature of the fluids discharged from the drum which are under a control such that the sensed temperature is always substantially the same as that of the interior of the drum and the air and steam is utilized in a manner minimizing fluctuations in the drum temperature as the controls are operated in response to sensed temperature.

Abstract: Rotary heat exchangers heated by circulating a heat transfer liquid through them. Methods for upgrading the performance of conventional rotary dryers.

Abstract: A wood pulp and paper drying machine comprising a plurality of drying drums around which a sheet of pulp or paper material travels in a circuitous path in heat exchange relationship with the drums. Pressurized steam is directed into the interior of each of the drums, with a syphon removing condensate from the interior of each drum. To reduce the effect of the water condensate in the drum inhibiting heat transfer through the cylindrical wall of the drum to the pulp or paper material, the interior surface of each drum is made as a polished metal surface (such as stainless steel) having a roughness index no greater than about 125 and desirably in the order of 4 - 32 on General Electric Surface Roughness Scale Cat. No. 342 .times. 60.

Abstract: A heated roll for effecting heat treatment of materials has an outer cylindrical shell, an inner cylindrical shell spaced from the outer cylindrical shell, a wall defining an annular space between the shells, partitions in the annular space for forming flow channels for the heating medium passing through the inner space, feed means for introducing a heating medium into the annular space and a discharge means for discharging the heating medium from the annular space and from the roll. The discharge means includes a centrally located backflow conduit and defines a single stationary discharge opening arranged in the roll below the roll axis for discharging heating medium selectively from the lower portion of the roll to the centrally located backflow conduit.

Abstract: The grooves of the drying cylinder are provided with turbulence producers in the form of U-shaped inserts, split rings, perforated strips or bands, and lattice-like wire strips in order to create turbulence in the otherwise laminar flow of condensate. This turbulence eliminates the heat insulating effect of the condensate. The turbulence producers are spaced from the base of a groove by at least 0.5 millimeters while the maximum spacing of the internal surface of the producers from the groove base is 10 millimeters.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for heating high speed moving yarns by using a roller with a fixed core and a rotatable jacket separated from the core by a narrow gap. In operation, the gap is filled with a gas under superatmospheric pressure. A method for using the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A coupling device for the supply and discharge of a heating medium in combination with a godet having a twin roll jacket and guide means provided within the jacket for directing the flow of a heating medium necessary for heating the godet. The device has a hollow shaft arrangement secured to the godet, and the shaft arrangement includes an outer pipe spaced from an inner pipe to define an annular space therebetween for supplying the heating medium to the godet and a passage for removing the heating medium from the godet. The outer pipe and the inner pipe each are permanently connected at one end to the godet for rotation therewith and a rotary pressure cap is disposed at a free end of said hollow shaft arrangement.

Abstract: A shell of chilled cast iron has a plurality of passages, parallel to the axis of the shell. Two end structures, also of cast iron, support the two ends of the shell. A plurality of radial passages is provided in the end structures for guiding a heating medium such as steam outwardly to and inwardly from the passages in the shell. The passages are disposed to transfer heat from the heating medium therein to the end structures and to the shell.

Abstract: The invention contemplates multiple independent use of syphons at spaced locations within a steam-heated rotary device such as a cylinder, roll or drum, for removing condensate and non-condensable gases from the device. Multiple-passage rotary joints at the rotary bearings for the device provide for independent external extraction of the respective syphon outputs, while a remaining passage of the joints is used for admission of steam. Thus, each syphon is independent of the others and can keep functioning even if the others fail.

Abstract: A heated dryer drum consisting of a peripherally closed cylindrical shell with dryer heads engaging the shell at opposite ends thereof and each comprising a central bearing journal for rotatably supporting the drum. Included inside the drum is at least one tie rod extending between and connected to the dryer heads near the centers thereof. The dryer heads are axially resilient and preloading of the tie rod, or tie rods, preloads the dryer shell. The dryer heads advantageously taper in thickness from a thicker hub portion to a thinner peripheral portion, with the peripheral portion engaging opposite ends of the dryer shell. The tie rod, or tie rods, may be heated during installation so that, upon cooling, a desired preload will be imparted to the dryer shell. Furthermore, spring means can be incorporated in the tie rod, or tie rods, for controlling the preload on the dryer shell.

Abstract: A device for use in removing condensate from rotatable, steam dryer drums. The device includes a pick-up head and a curved tube connected to the head at one end with the opposite end extending at right angles to the one end for connection to an outlet conduit leading out of the dryer drum. The pick-up head is located adjacent the inner surface of the drum and is maintained in this position by support means connected to the tube. The support means has a support member bearing against the wall of the drum in diametrically opposed relation to the pick-up head. The support means can be adjusted and locked in different positions to maintain the pick-up head in its proper position.