Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a metal oxide film with workpiece accommodated in a chamber, includes: supplying a precursor gas containing a metal complex into the chamber to form a precursor layer on the workpiece from the precursor gas; supplying an oxidizing gas into the chamber to oxidize the precursor layer so that a metal oxide layer is formed, the oxidizing gas being a gas containing H2O or a gas having a functional group containing hydrogen atoms in the metal complex and containing an oxidant to generate H2O by reaction with the functional group; supplying an H2O removal gas containing alcohols or amines into the chamber to remove H2O adsorbed onto the metal oxide layer; and executing a plurality of cycles each including the supplying a precursor gas and the supplying an oxidizing gas. At least some of the cycles includes the supplying an H2O removal gas.

Abstract: Methods for regenerating a bed of organosilica particles and producing a treated gaseous stream are described herein. A method for regenerating a bed of organosilica particles includes introducing a heated regenerate stream to a bed of organosilica particles comprising captured C3+ hydrocarbons under conditions sufficient to remove at least a portion of the captured C3+ hydrocarbons from the organosilica particles; and introducing a cooled regenerate gaseous stream to the heated bed of organosilica particles. The regenerated organosilica particles are used to treat additional gaseous streams.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a city media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods, compositions and systems for drying coal fines.

Abstract: A method for operating a device with at least one partial programme step of drying may be achieved with which it is possible to operate devices with at least a partial operating step of drying as economically as possible, with efficient drying of the material for drying and keeping the associated energy requirement as low as possible, whereby, during the at least one partial programme step of drying, air is drawn from a treatment chamber and/or from the ambient air, through an absorption column and then introduced into the treatment chamber, whereby the absorption column contains a reversible dehydrating agent and humidity is drawn from the air during the passage thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a dry media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a bio-mass processing system, and method of processing waste bio-mass, wherein one or more mixers mixes a bed of bio-mass material such as manure at substantially any and all locations in a defined length and width portion of the bed, in a dryer. Heated air percolates upwardly through the bed. Separation apparatus separates a relatively dryer fraction of the bio-mass material from the dryer. The separated finished product from the dryer is optionally fed to a boiler where the dried bio-mass material is burned. Heat of combustion from the boiler is used as dryer heat for drying the bio-mass feed material in the dryer. Excess heat is optionally used to produce steam, which powers a turbine, which powers an electrical generator. Residual ash from the combustion process comprises about 2% by weight of the solids content of e.g. a feed stream coming into the dryer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a process for removing water from a hydride gas, and particularly ammonia, by contacting the hydride gas with a drying agent under conditions for effecting removal of the water. The improvement for significantly reducing the water content to trace levels in said hydride gas resides in the use of at least Group 1 metal oxide and at least one Group 2 metal oxide as a drying agent.

Abstract: Flux management systems and methods are provided for filtering vaporized flux from the gas of a reflow soldering oven. A flux management system includes a cooling chamber having a cooling medium through which the gas passes. The vaporized flux condenses on the surfaces of the cooling chamber and drips into a collection pan, thereby preventing it from dripping onto circuit boards passing through the oven. The flux management system may further include a self-cleaning feature that includes a compressed gas, which is allowed to enter the cooling chamber through a solenoid valve. The compressed gas may then be directed through a heater, which increases the temperature of the cooling chamber, thereby causing a decrease in viscosity of the flux, which allows it to flow freely into a drain tube. The flux may then be transported by gravity into a collection container.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adsorptive ethanol drying apparatus in which microwaves are applied during the regeneration of an absorbent conducted in a continuous adsorption process for drying ethanol, so that the absorbent regeneration can be rapidly achieved at a temperature lower than that used in a conventional heating type regeneration method and within a reduced processing time, thereby being capable of allowing an efficient use of energy while improving the productivity per adsorbent mass. A method for operating the adsorptive ethanol drying apparatus is also disclosed. At an adsorption step, a vaporized ethanol azeotropic mixture is forced to pass through adsorption towers to adsorb water contained in the vaporized ethanol azeotropic mixture to an adsorbent charged in each of the adsorption towers while condensing ethanol in a storage tank.

Abstract: A combined fluidized bed dryer and absorption bed allows an absorbant to be dried to remove any moisture therefrom immediately followed by treating a product material with the dried absorbant, all in the same vessel, such that the absorbant is at its optimum dryness prior to treating the product material therewith The invention has particular application in the ophthalmic lens production where the absorbant is alumina and is used to remove methacrylic acid from liquid monomer prior to using the monomer in producing lenses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for extracting liquid water from moist air using minimal energy input. The method can be considered as four phases: (1) adsorbing water from air into a desiccant, (2) isolating the water-laden desiccant from the air source, (3) desorbing water as vapor from the desiccant into a chamber, and (4) isolating the desiccant from the chamber, and compressing the vapor in the chamber to form liquid condensate. The liquid condensate can be removed for use. Careful design of the dead volumes and pressure balances can minimize the energy required. The dried air can be exchanged for fresh moist air and the process repeated. An apparatus comprises a first chamber in fluid communication with a desiccant, and having ports to intake moist air and exhaust dried air. The apparatus also comprises a second chamber in fluid communication with the desiccant. The second chamber allows variable internal pressure, and has a port for removal of liquid condensate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the operation of a regenerator, hot and cold gas being repeatedly passed through a bulk material 4 with a maximum particle diameter Dmax which is received in the annular space 1 between a substantially cylindrical hot grid 3 and a cold grid 4 surrounding the latter, and at least one discharge opening 16 being provided in the bottom B of the annular space 1 for discharging the bulk material 4. To increase the service life of the regenerator, it is proposed according to the invention that a predetermined amount of bulk material 4 is discharged during or after the passing-through of hot gas, so that a compressive stress exerted by the bulk material 4 on the hot grid 3 and cold grid 4 is reduced.

Abstract: A method and device for drying a gas by means of adsorption on a desiccant able to be regenerated (11), whereby a portion of the dried gas is used for regenerating the desiccant. The gas portion used for the regeneration is heated in at least two successive steps, said steps being performed in different zones (30,31 or 33-36) situated successively in the flow direction of the gas portion through the regenerating desiccant (11) and by stopping the heating in a zone (30,31 or 33-36) as soon as the desiccant (11) in this zone (30,31 or 33-36) is regenerated, so that this zone (30,31 or 33-36) may already cool down by the gas portion for regeneration while a successive zone (30,31 or 33-36) is still regenerated by the heated gas. In each vessel (7, 8) at least two individually controllable heating elements (25-26; 27-28; 38-41) are present.

Abstract: A control module for a twin air dryer system monitors which dryer was used for drying in the previous cycle. The most recently used dryer is then the first to be regenerated. This ensures that the most recently regenerated dryer is used to dry incoming air. This occurs regardless of the drying mode, i.e., whether it is high air use or normal brake system use. The system minimizes the risk of dryer saturation and loss of function. Moreover, maintenance requirements are simplified, since the air dryer cartridges are more evenly used.

Abstract: A method and device for heating and cooling, such as for the sterilization, pasteurization, drying and/or roasting, of food products, such as nuts and beans, for example whole and crushed peanuts and coffee and cocoa beans, comprising bringing the raw food products into contact with a heated granular material, separating of the granular material from the food products after the heat transfer from the heated granular material to the food products, and the subsequent cooling of the food products, the cooling of the food products taking place by means of a granular material which is first conveyed to the product to be cooled and is separated therefrom after the cooling.

Abstract: A method of treating a material with ozone including the steps of passing oxygen rich gas from a PSA plant 2 through an ozonizer 4 and then passing the ozonized oxygen thus formed directly back to the PSA plant where the ozone is adsorbed in a bed of silica gel contained within a vessel. During the desorption step nitrogen adsorbed in a bed of zeolite also located in the vessel desorbs the ozone from the bed of silica gel and a nitrogen-ozone gas leaves the PSA plant via a line in the feed end. The material is treated with the nitrogen-ozone gas.