Abstract: Techniques regarding a fan friction oven are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can regard an apparatus comprising a processing chamber in fluid communication with a heating blower and a circulation blower. The heating blower can heat air adjacent to the processing chamber by fan friction. Also, the circulation blower can circulate the air heated by the heating blower into the processing chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysing particulate material having one or more crystalline substances, the apparatus including: a grinder for receiving a sample extracted from the particulate material and grinding the sample into powdered material having a designated particle size; a measurement station including an X-ray generator for illuminating the powdered material with an X-ray beam and an X-ray detector for detecting X-ray diffraction patterns from the powdered material; a carrier for receiving the powdered material from the grinder and conveying the powdered material through the measurement station; and a processor configured to: receive the X-ray diffraction patterns of the powdered material from the X-ray detector; analyse the X-ray diffraction patterns to determine a series of sequential composition determinations of one or more crystalline substances in the powdered material as the carrier conveys the powdered material through the measurement station; and determine composition of the one or more cry

Abstract: A plant for drying objects which release volatile substances may include: a drying tunnel; a conveying system configured to convey the objects through the drying tunnel; a plurality of sensors arranged along the drying tunnel; and/or a plurality of air exchange units. The sensors may be configured to measure a concentration of the volatile substances along the drying tunnel. The air exchange units may be controlled by the sensors to keep the concentration of the volatile substances in the drying tunnel below a pre-established value. A method for keeping volatile substances below a pre-established value within a plant for drying objects may include: measuring with sensors concentration of the volatile substances at points along the drying tunnel; and/or operating air exchange units, according to the concentration of the volatile substances measured by the sensors, to keep the concentration of the volatile substances in the drying tunnel below the pre-established value.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of drying a body of grain, comprising storing the body of grain in an elongate bag silo 10, providing at least a first outlet 22 intermediate a first end 16 and a second end 18 of the bag and at least a first and a second inlet (26, 28), situated intermediate the outlet 22 and the first end 16 of the bag. The second inlet 28 is spaced longitudinally further away from the first outlet 22 than the first inlet 26 and the first outlet 22 is the closest outlet to the second inlet 28 in a direction towards the second end 18 of the bag 10. The method further comprises providing a flow of air, between the inlets and the outlet such that a pressure differential between any of the inlets is maintained within a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for drying, modelling and/or thermally modifying wooden parts, comprising the steps of: a) arranging the wooden parts in a bath; b) filling the bath with a liquid, for instance paraffin or (linseed) oil, wherein the wooden parts are sealed from the ambient air by the liquid; c) the liquid being heated for some time, preferably between 100° C. and 300° C., for the purpose of drying, modelling and/or thermally modifying the wooden parts; d) removing the wooden parts from the bath. The invention also relates to a device for performing the method according to the invention for drying, modelling and/or thermally modifying wooden parts, comprising:—a bath adapted to receive the wooden parts, which bath is intended to receive a liquid such as paraffin or (linseed) oil—heating means for heating the liquid. Finally, the invention relates to a covering and rack as parts of the device according to the invention.

Abstract: A via pass-through apparatus is disclosed. The via pass-through apparatus includes a pass-through chamber adapted to couple between a first mainframe section and a second mainframe section of a substrate processing system, the pass-through chamber including an entry and an exit each having a slit valve, and a via process chamber located at a different level than the pass-through chamber wherein the via process chamber is adapted to carry out a process on a substrate at the via location. Systems and methods of operating the system are provided, as are numerous other aspects.

Abstract: A transfer chamber is provided between a processing unit for performing a predetermined process on a target substrate to be processed in a depressurized environment and an atmospheric maintaining unit for maintaining the target substrate in an atmospheric environment to transfer the target substrate therebetween. The transfer chamber includes a chamber main body for accommodating the target substrate, a gas exhaust unit for exhausting the chamber main body to set the chamber main body to the depressurized environment, and a gas supply unit for supplying a predetermined gas to the chamber main body to set the chamber main body in the atmospheric environment. Further, in the transfer chamber, an ionization unit is provided outside the chamber main body, for ionizing the predetermined gas and an ionized gas supply unit is provided to supply the ionized gas generated by the ionization unit to the chamber main body.

Abstract: A process load lock apparatus is disclosed. The process load lock apparatus includes a load lock chamber adapted to couple between a mainframe section and a factory interface, the load lock chamber including an entry and an exit each having a slit valve, and a load lock process chamber located at a different level than the load lock chamber at the load lock location wherein the load lock process chamber is adapted to carry out a process on a substrate, such as oxide removal or other processes. Systems including the process load lock apparatus and methods of operating the process load lock apparatus are provided. A lift assembly including a containment ring is also disclosed, as are numerous other aspects.

Abstract: An installation for drying a thin-walled biodegradable pot having a drying mould wherein one wall has a shape adapted to a corresponding shape of a wall of a moulded pot to be dried, and a means of heating the drying mould wall to a temperature above 160° C., and preferably between 180 and 240° C. Also disclosed are an installation for manufacturing pots having a drying installation mentioned above, a method of drying pots, a pot obtained from an installation or from a method mentioned above, and an assembly with a plant in a pot as mentioned above.

Abstract: A method of drying high-level radioactive wastes and device thereof contains a suspension mechanism for hanging a manual elevating mechanism, and a shielding cover. The manual elevating mechanism couples with a basket for accommodating wastes by using a hanging rope, and the shielding cover is fixed below the suspension mechanism and in a moving path of the basket. The basket is moved to a storage tank containing water in which radioactive wastes are stored, and the radioactive wastes are pumped into the basket by means of a pump. The basket is then lifted above a water surface of the storage tank and received in the shielding cover, and then the shielding cover is moved into a water holder so as to drain waters in the basket. The basket is further moved onto a heating seat to be heated and a vacuum equipment is started to dry the radioactive wastes.

Abstract: A fabrication apparatus of a display that is adaptive for improving reliability is disclosed. The fabrication apparatus of a display device includes a chamber for vacuum heating; a hot plate disposed on the inside of the chamber; a plurality of external pipes that are disposed on the outside of the chamber, and to which vent gas for converting the atmospheric pressure of the inside of the chamber, which is in a vacuum state, into the atmospheric pressure of the outside is supplied; a gas outlet tube, which is extended from the external pipe and disposed on the inner side surface of the chamber in order to discharge the vent gas; and a gas heating part which is disposed on each of the external pipe and heats up the vent gas supplied from the outside.

Abstract: A vacuum assisted dehydration system including a vacuum chamber, a gas compressor, a heating coil, and a vacuum pump is provided. A sealing member removably attached to an opening of the vacuum chamber is opened to introduce one or more instruments into the vacuum chamber. The gas compressor, in fluid communication with the vacuum chamber, recirculates a pressurized gas into the vacuum chamber. The heating coil within the vacuum chamber heats the recirculating gas, which contacts the instruments positioned therein and transfers heat energy into interstitial cavities and to surfaces of the instruments or onto other moist components, for example, hands to vaporize moisture present therein. The vacuum pump, in fluid communication with the vacuum chamber, creates a negative gas pressure in the vacuum chamber to exhaust the vaporized moisture entrained in the heated recirculating gas from the vacuum chamber to dehydrate the instruments or the moist components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for storing a raw material inside a mold or a crucible, comprising the steps of: closing an opening of the mold filled with the raw material of a sintered metal or an opening of the crucible filled with the raw material for encouraging growth of a crystal for a semiconductor of a gallium arsenide crystal and a silicon single crystal or a polycrystalline silicon by a cap provided with a supply pipe and a vacuum evacuation pipe; vacuuming the inside the mold or crucible to a high vacuum state of 10?4 torr or less via the vacuum evacuation pipe; drying by heating the raw material in the mold or crucible filled with a heated inert gas in the range of 50 C to 200 C via the supply pipe; and storing the raw material in the mold or the crucible covered with the cap.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum processing system for processing a substrate (2), with an enclosure (1) for carrying the substrate (2) to be treated in a substrate plane (4), whereby the enclosure (1) comprises a first reflecting means (6) and a heating means (5) having a first plane surface (10) and an opposed second plane surface (11), the heating means (5) is configured for irradiating heating energy only via the first surface (10) and/or via the second surface (11), the first reflecting means (6) is configured for reflecting the heating energy irradiated by the heating means (5) onto the substrate plane (4), and the heating means (5) is arranged such that the first surface (10) faces towards the first reflecting means (6) and the second surface (11) faces towards the substrate plane (4).

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for conductively heated vacuum-based drying of portable electronic devices. For example, a portable electronic device that has been exposed to excessive liquid is placed inside a drying chamber. The drying chamber is closed and a drying routine commences. During the drying routine, the chamber is pressurized to a vacuum level sufficient to gasify liquids inside the device, and the device is conductively heated at least to replace latent heat of vaporization lost during the pressurization. Some embodiments include techniques relating to payment processing, monitoring and feedback control, decontamination, and/or other functionality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the vacuum drying of capillary porous bulk materials. The method involves preheating of the material, its loading into the vacuum drying chamber having heating elements followed by cycle-by-cycling heating of the material and vacuum creation in the rapid vacuum impulse action mode with stage-by-stage single or multiple reduction of pressure in the range from 0.1 MPa to 0.0001 MPa followed by the exposure to vacuum unless the material temperature is stabilized. Said cycles are repeated unless the required material moisture is achieved. Cooling of the material is performed in the same drying chamber by alternating cooling in spouted bed and vacuum impulse action. The device comprises two vacuum chambers cone-shaped at their bases with heaters mounted inside them, material loading/unloading system, one or several receivers with pumps connected in parallel to them and connected via vacuum pipeline system with quick-acting valves to the drying chamber inlet.

Abstract: A method for improving the manufacture and reliability of new, remanufactured, repaired or reconditioned Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and providing such units with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the process of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components and preferably also removing contaminants from the heat transfer surfaces of the cold plates and heat exchangers in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: A hygienic razor blade dryer is provided that comprises a housing having an interior, a razor blade holder disposed within the interior that is adapted to receive a razor blade, a dryer for drying a razor blade received in the razor blade holder, and a vacuum for evacuating the air within the interior to prevent moisture buildup in the air and on the razor blade and to inhibit oxidation on the blade surfaces. A sanitizer may also be provided to sanitize the razor blade before, during or after the dryer operation.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for removing a solvent from a solvent wetted surface of a heat exchange tube. The method includes placing the heat exchange tube in a vacuum chamber, evacuating the vacuum chamber to a lower pressure at which the solvent boils to a vapor, and reclaiming the solvent vapor. The method may include heating the heat exchange tube within the vacuum chamber to a temperature of at least room temperature, but below the solvent's flash point temperature. The apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump for evacuating the vacuum chamber and a solvent reclaimer for recovering solvent vapor. The apparatus may also include an infrared heater, a radiant heater or other non-flame heater. The method and apparatus may be used for removing solvent from a heat exchange tube having an inside surface wetted with a solvent carrying a dry lubricant.

Abstract: A method for improving the manufacture and reliability of new, remanufactured, repaired or reconditioned Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and providing such units with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the step of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for performing heat treatments comprising at least one treatment module (10), which has a first and a second heating section (11a, 11b). Hot air (L) is introduced into the heating sections (11a, 11b) via a line connection (13). After the treatment, the hot air (L) is discharged via suction means (14). The suction means are arranged at the end faces of the heating sections (11a, 11b).

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods and systems of drying objects containing interior surfaces. In particular, the present invention provides a method which alternates vacuum and pressure with heated gases to enhance interior drying of parts. More particularly, the method cycles the chamber through a vacuum phase that rapidly removes vapor from the object both convectively and through boiling followed by a pressure phase that delivers heat and fresh gases to difficult regions of the objects to be dried.

Abstract: A wood kiln system and method that sequentially cures and dries layers of stacked wood during which each layer of wood is heated to 125 to 170 deg. F. as the kiln container is evacuated to approximately 13 inches of Hg for 8 to 12 hrs. After the wood has been cured, drying stage is commenced as the wood is continuously heated by evacuating the kiln container to 0.35 to 3 inches of Hg for 6 to 12 hrs. During the drying stage, a cold water bath is formed in the bottom of the kiln container. A condensation tank located between the vacuum pump and the kiln is used to continuously remove the water and water vapor from the kiln container. In one embodiment, the vacuum pump includes a primary vacuum pump serially connected to an auxiliary vacuum pump that allows the air to be continuously and gradually reduced in the kiln container.

Abstract: A dryer comprising an enclosure and a transporter for transporting one or more components therethrough between a first and a second opening. The dryer includes one or more heating elements and a first and a second duct within the enclosure. The first and said second duct each include a plurality of openings configured for discharging heated air towards the one or more components. An exhaust stack in fluid communication with an interior of the enclosure includes an exhaust blower for extracting fluid from within the enclosure, and one or more heating elements for oxidizing the vaporized compounds. The supply and the exhaust blowers cooperatively operate to induce infiltration of air through the first and the second opening. A method for operating the dryer is also provided.

Abstract: A method for improving the manufacture and reliability of new, remanufactured, repaired or reconditioned Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and providing such units with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the step of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for quickly drying porous materials. A sealable chamber is connected to a cold trap which is connected to a vacuum pump. A sample is placed inside the sealable chamber. The vacuum pump is turned on and air is evacuated through the cold trap to the vacuum pump. Because evaporation may lower the temperature inside the sealable chamber, an infrared lamp may be used to heat the chamber and sample therein directly or heated air may be allowed to enter the sealable chamber in response to the vacuum created by the vacuum pump. Air may be drawn directly from the sealable chamber to the vacuum pump bypassing the cold trap. A load cell may be placed in the bottom of the sealable chamber to monitor the weight of a sample to determine if the drying process is complete. Other parameters could be used, including the degree of vacuum achieved in the chamber.

Abstract: A liquid solid separator utilizing inductive heating. An electrically conductive scroll conveyor is contained within a non-magnetic and non-conductive housing under vacuum. A moveable alternating electric coil is disposed around the housing. The scroll pulls the solids through the housing. Operation of the coil heats the scroll which heats the solids. The vacuum lowers the boiling point of the liquids, and they are vaporized at a relatively low temperature. The vapors are condensed and collected. Because of the low temperatures, the separated liquids are less likely to deteriorate during separation, facilitating recycling. Thermocouples and a computer track the internal temperature of the separator and coordinate the position of the coil to maintain the desired temperature. The housing is provided with a heat insulating outer layer and the interior of the scroll is pressurized with nitrogen. The separator surfaces exposed to the atmosphere are maintained at or below 150° F.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the vacuum drying of capillary porous bulk materials. The method involves preheating of the material, its loading into the vacuum drying chamber having heating elements followed by cycle-by-cycling heating of the material and vacuum creation in the rapid vacuum impulse action mode with stage-by-stage single or multiple reduction of pressure in the range from 0.1 MPa to 0.0001 MPa followed by the exposure to vacuum unless the material temperature is stabilized. Said cycles axe repeated unless the required material moisture is achieved. Cooling of the material is performed in the same drying chamber by alternating cooling in spouted bed and vacuum impulse action. The device comprises two vacuum chambers cone-shaped at their bases with heaters mounted inside them, material loading/unloading system, one or several receivers with pumps connected in parallel to them and connected via vacuum pipeline system with quick-acting valves to the drying chamber inlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin film drying method, an alignment film drying method and a method for manufacturing a display panel. The thin film drying method comprises the following steps: forming the thin film on a substrate; placing the substrate in a vacuum chamber; and reducing a pressure in the vacuum chamber. The thin film drying method can be applicable to the alignment film drying method and the method for manufacturing the display panel. The invention can enhance the film quality after drying.

Abstract: A method for removing moisture from a substrate coated with a transparent electrode comprises the steps of placing the substrate coated with the transparent electrode in an infrared oven, applying heat to the substrate in the infrared oven, drawing the substrate from the infrared oven, loading the substrate in a chamber and reducing pressure in the chamber and performing a heat treatment on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to method and device for drying materials of plant and animal origin. The method includes heating a material to a temperature that does not cause denaturation of the original properties thereof, high-speed pulse vacuuming, maintaining the vacuum tor a period of time, and relieving the vacuum until atmospheric pressure is reached. The material is heated in a drying chamber and the vacuum is relieved using a dried air or gas heat earner with a temperature of up to 300° C. A device comprises two drying chambers with hermetically sealing doors, which are connected by pipes haying fast-acting valves to a receiver tank, heat exchangers and condensate receivers, a vacuum pump and a device for heating and delivering a heat carrier, which is situated in a separate thermally insulated chamber and is connected to the inlet of each drying chamber by means of thermally insulated air delivery conduits with valves.

Abstract: A method for reconditioning Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and returning them to operation with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the step of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: A wood kiln system and method that sequentially cures and dries layers of stacked wood during which each layer of wood is heated to 125 to 170 deg. F. as the kiln container is evacuated to approximately 13 inches of Hg for 8 to 12 hrs. After the wood has been cured, drying stage is commenced as the wood is continuously heated by evacuating the kiln container to 0.35 to 3 inches of Hg for 6 to 12 hrs. During the drying stage, a cold water bath is formed in the bottom of the kiln container. A condensation tank located between the vacuum pump and the kiln is used to continuously remove the water and water vapor from the kiln container. In one embodiment, the vacuum pump includes a primary vacuum pump serially connected to an auxiliary vacuum pump that allows the air to be continuously and gradually reduced in the kiln container.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to continuously feed an object to be treated to a high-pressure reactor which treats the object to be treated containing 10 mass % or more of water under high pressure, while preventing backflow of a high-pressure atmosphere from the high-pressure reactor. This is embodied by making a configuration such that the object to be treated is fed to the high-pressure reactor connected to a discharge port of a screw feeder which is provided with a feed unit for the object to be treated and the discharge port on one end side and the other end side respectively and forms a high-pressure atmosphere pressurized to, for example, 2 MPa or higher, while air-tightness between the high-pressure atmosphere and the one end side of the screw feeder is maintained by a sealing action of an accumulation compressed on the other end side of the screw feeder.

Abstract: A vacuum drying apparatus and method to dry and cure paint is disclosed. The method provides a substantially particle free environment that shortens drying time, reduces cost and improves surface finish. The apparatus includes an enclosed drying tunnel that is maintained at a reduced pressure relative to ambient conditions. Heat lamps with the drying tunnel aid in curing and provide the desired particle free environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening of polycondensation catalysts, wherein at least two polycondensation catalysis reactions are performed simultaneously under substantially equivalent conditions in at least two reaction cells which are present in one and the same room, using a sample comprising material to be polycondensated and a catalyst to be screened, and wherein the performances of the catalysts are analyzed. The present invention further relates to an apparatus suitable for performing the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preserving wood, said process comprising the following steps: (1) a modification step in which wood is heated to the modification temperature and is maintained at that temperature for a specific time; (2) a cooling step in which the wood is cooled; characterized in that the wood is heated and cooled by means of heating elements which are positioned in-between the wood. Prior to the modification step, a drying step can be carried out. According to further embodiments, the process is characterized in that one or more of the steps takes place under vacuum in a sealed chamber. Preferably, a pressure is applied to the wood during the steps, with the option of varying said pressure during the process. The invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process.

Abstract: A drying and storing apparatus for powdered or granular material and a feeding system for powdered or granular material. The apparatus comprises a heating and drying chamber having a discharge port at its lower end and a thermal conductive heating means therein and a hopper chamber connected to the upper end of the heating and drying chamber, in which the heating and drying chamber and the hopper chamber constitute a integrally combined material storage processing tank for powdered or granular material.

Abstract: A method for reconditioning Fire Control Radar APG-68 tactical radar systems (FCR) utilized in military aircraft and returning them to operation with extended useful life expectancies equivalent to or better than new of the FCR APG-68 unit high frequency, high voltage dual mode radar transmitters that are deployed in over 1000 state-of-the-art military aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and F-18 fighter aircraft, and B-1 bombers. The novel method extends the mean lifetime of previously repaired and repairable FCR APG-68 tactical radar units and radar units and ageing transmitters from about 100 to a few hundred hours to about five hundred or more hours by the step of removing embedded moisture and absorbed moisture from the heterogeneous electronic components in the FCR APG-68 tactical radar unit.

Abstract: A blower system to remove precipitation from an antenna may include a blower air plenum extending substantially completely along one side of the antenna. A vent is in communication with the blower air plenum and extends substantially completely along the one side of the antenna to direct an airstream across a surface of the antenna to remove precipitation from the antenna. The vent may include a contour to conform to a contour of the one side of the antenna. The blower system may also include an air compressor to force air into the blower air plenum and out the vent to form the airstream flowing across the surface of the antenna.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices, methods and systems for ex-situ component recovery. The ex-situ recovery can be performed by desorbing or outgassing components of a processing system in a recovery system, rather than in the processing system itself. The recovery system can include a docking station and/or a heated vacuum chamber. The heated vacuum chamber can be used to desorb or outgas components that will be located inside the processing system, while the docking station can be used to desorb or outgas components that will be connected to the processing system. The processing system components can be placed under pressure by the recovery system to desorb or outgas contaminants and remove virtual leaks. The recovery system pressure can include a vacuum roughing pump, a turbomolecular pump, and/or a cryogenic pump to apply a pressure necessary to desorb or outgas the components.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are described to dry solid objects being manufactured in a chain of steps. The apparatus contains a cartridge to hold the objects, a chamber to house the cartridge, nozzle sections to spray drying agents on the objects, and a vacuum section to remove the drying agent and the released solvent. The apparatus also contains an optical radiation source such as an IR lamp for heating the objects, which can be used in conjunction with the vacuum section for removing solvent and drying steps. The cartridge or the nozzles can be swayed changing the orientation of the objects and the nozzles. The spraying step and evacuating steps can be repeated as needed.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying resin pellets to be supplied to a molding machine under reduced pressure of a desired level by a reduced pressure drying means comprises a preheating means for heating resin pellets to be supplied to the reduced pressure drying means to a temperature level that allows the moisture of the resin pellets to turn into steam under reduced pressure but maintain the resin pellets in an unmolten state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating and cooling a substrate are provided. A chamber is provided that comprises a heating mechanism adapted to heat a substrate positioned proximate the heating mechanism, a cooling mechanism spaced from the heating mechanism and adapted to cool a substrate positioned proximate the cooling mechanism, and a transfer mechanism adapted to transfer a substrate between the position proximate the heating mechanism and the position proximate the cooling mechanism.

Abstract: A lumber drying kiln employs outside air pressure uses a flexible collapsing bag or cover alone or in combination with walls. The collapsing bag seals against a base to maintain the vacuum. The air pressure against the flexible top keeps the lumber layers from warping or cupping during drying. The lumber stack has alternating layers of hot plates or stickers separating layers of lumber. A bag having an open bottom and made of nylon-reinforced rubber or other strong flexible material is placed over the wood and sealed to the stainless steel platform. A vacuum pump is connected with the bag by means of a manifold and operated to remove air from the enclosed lumber stack, the vacuum strengthening the seal between the base and the bottom of the bag. This chamber design is easily scaled up or down to provide a desired drying capacity.

Abstract: Object for the invention is a method for treatment and drying of wood, in which at the first phase wood is warmed up over to the temperature close of the boiling point of water, and wood is compressed with a variable pressure between moisture permeable pressing elements, the temperature of the wood is increased so quickly, that the moisture existing in the wood does not have time to evaporate essentially before the temperature of the wood has increased around the boiling point of water. According to the invention when the surface layers of the timber have reached the temperature close the boiling point of the water the pressure is increased, and at the pressing phase the temperature of wood is kept at the temperature range close the boiling point of the water under that higher pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating and cooling a substrate are provided. A chamber is provided that comprises a heating mechanism adapted to heat a substrate positioned proximate the heating mechanism, a cooling mechanism spaced from the heating mechanism and adapted to cool a substrate positioned proximate the cooling mechanism, and a transfer mechanism adapted to transfer a substrate between the position proximate the heating mechanism and the position proximate the cooling mechanism.

Abstract: A method for drying fibrous webs utilizing a limiting orifice medium with a plurality of pores. The web is disposed on a supporting fluid permeable carrier. The web is pressed between the supporting carrier and the limiting orifice medium. A vacuum greater than the breakthrough pressure of the pores of the medium is drawn through the pores and the web.

Abstract: Object for the invention is a method for treatment and drying of wood, in which at the first phase wood is warmed up over to the temperature close of the boiling point of water, and wood is compressed with a variable pressure between moisture permeable pressing elements, the temperature of the wood is increased so quickly, that the moisture existing in the wood does not have time to evaporate essentially before the temperature of the wood has increased around the boiling point of water. According to the invention when the surface layers of the timber have reached the temperature close the boiling point of the water the pressure is increased, and at the pressing phase the temperature of wood is kept at the temperature range close the boiling point of the water under that higher pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating and cooling a substrate are provided. A chamber is provided that comprises a heating mechanism adapted to heat a substrate positioned proximate the heating mechanism, a cooling mechanism spaced from the heating mechanism and adapted to cool a substrate positioned proximate the cooling mechanism, and a transfer mechanism adapted to transfer a substrate between the position proximate the heating mechanism and the position proximate the cooling mechanism.