Abstract: The present invention is a pet training pad comprising a first end of a first conductive wire and a first end of a second conductive wire connected to a main controlling device, while a second end of the first conductive wire and a second end of the second conductive wire remain open. When a pet goes onto the pet training pad, the pet's foot makes contact with the first conductive wire and the second conductive wire at the same time, establishing an electrical circuit via the pet's foot. The main controlling device detects that the electrical circuit and then sends an electric shock current to the first conductive wire, thereby shocking the pet which will guide the pet to form a habit of not going to the position where the pet training pad is located.

Abstract: Processor(s) can receive from a first computing device information representing a member, an animal, a location, a wireless device, and a reward. After a second computing device has received a signal from the wireless device, second information can be received. Further, the processor(s) can receive third electronic information. The processor(s) can determine, using at least some of the second electronic information and the third electronic information, that a second computing device is within a respective distance of a third computing device. Moreover, the processor(s) can transmit an alert representing that a user of the second computing device is within a proximity of the animal. The processor(s) can receive an electronic notification that the animal is in custody and provide a portion of the reward to a user of one device and a portion of the reward to a user of another device, based on contributions to the recovery.

Abstract: Data is received identifying an interaction by an animal with a communication device, where the communication device includes a plurality of scent elements, each of the plurality of scent elements includes a different respective different scent, and a combination of the scents of the plurality of scent elements produces a combined scent, where the combined scent implements a scent marker, and the interaction is based on the scent marker. A meaning associated with the scent marker is determined based on the interaction. A communication by the animal is determined based on the interaction based on the meaning. Communication data is generated to identify the communication.

Abstract: Provided are a smart barn system and smart barn control method for detecting an abnormal sign of livestock and a tag attachable to livestock. The smart barn system includes a plurality of tags attached to ears of livestock bred in a pigsty and configured to measure temperatures of the livestock and transmit the measured temperature information of the livestock, a plurality of antennas configured to transmit and receive wireless signals to and from the tags, a reader configured to collect tag information of the livestock, which approaches an apparatus for providing feed and water, through any one of the plurality of antennas and measure an access frequency of the tag, which is collected through each of the antennas, through the collected tag information of the livestock, and a plurality of wireless power switching modules provided between the antennas and the reader and connected in a cascade.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes a pet collar that can be configured to determine its geolocational position and evaluate that position with respect to the geo-fence of a predetermined, geo-fenced “safe” zone. If the collar determines that its position is inside a safe zone but is near the geo-fence, the collar may be configured to provide a warning correction. If the collar determines that it is outside a predetermined safe zone, the collar can also be configured to provide a stronger correction to discourage the pet from continuing away from the safe zone. The collar may also be configured to guide the pet back to the safe zone such as by varying the strength and/or type of correction provided based at least in part on the distance of the collar from the geo-fence.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for detection of estrus and optimal time for embryo transfer or artificial insemination in animals. An arched polycarbonate housing is attached to an animal. A circuit board is disposed within the housing. A rechargeable battery mounted on the circuit board provides power to the apparatus. A switch mounted on the circuit board is actuated when a breeding behavior occurs. A controller mounted on the circuit board detects actuations of the switch to generate data indicative of breeding behavior. A transmitter transmits data indicative of breeding behavior to a remote receiver.

Abstract: A wireless animal location system is provided that identifies a location of a pet roaming within an environment using a single base unit. The wireless animal location system tracks and manages animal behavior in the environment using information of pet location.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a generator pulley system and methods thereof. Atop the generator pulley system may be a generator and battery for actuating at least one motor. A pull line may be retractably coupled to the front of the system. Alternatively, the pull line is not retractable. At least one sensor may be used to monitor the line. In an illustrative embodiment, the system may actuate the at least motor to steer in the direction of the pulled line. The battery may be recharged by the generator depending on its state of charge and period of time after requesting a movement of the generator.

Abstract: Semantic information that describes data sets is inferred based upon a semantic analysis performed on data sets retained within a data repository. The semantic analysis can include a determination of formats associated with fields of the data sets and a comparison of values of the fields against reference data sets having predetermined semantic types. Correlations are inferred between data sets based upon respective semantic information. The correlations are incorporated into visualizations displayed in connection with a graphical user interface.

Abstract: A system and method for animal aversion training, includes a module for outfitting at least two animals each with an EM (electromagnetic) transceiver, processor and power source, a module for processing a proximity distance between the at least two animals via the EM transceiver, processor and power source, a module for identifying a relationship quality of the at least two animals via an unfriendly threshold and a number of points tallied from past encounters and a module for delivering a pulse shock to the at least two animals of intensity based on the relationship quality and the proximity distance between them. The system and method also include a sensor for a first animal for detecting a proximity distance of a second animal not having an EM transceiver, wherein the sensor replaces a function of the EM transceiver for the second animal. A cell phone application facilitates the disclosure limitations.

Abstract: An apparatus according to one embodiment includes a container having an interior, and a divider in the interior of the container. The divider selectively separates the interior into first and second compartments. The divider is configured to keep bees located in the first compartment separated from bees in the second compartment when in a closed configuration, and to allow the bees positioned in the first compartment to enter the second compartment when in an open configuration. The apparatus also includes an image capture device for capturing images of the bees in the interior of the container, and an outlet for permitting ingress and egress of the bees from the second compartment. The container is configured to prevent the bees from escaping from the first compartment.

Abstract: A column mounting bracket, suitable for mounting an object to a column and other structures without the need of drilling. The mounting systems includes a column mounting bracket, at least one webbing strap and a tightening mechanism. The column mounting bracket configured to be selectively coupled to a specific object or assembly that needs to be mounted. The webbing straps are outfitted with fastening mechanism. The invention can be un-tied or move from one place to another without a serious effort as needed in the conventional mounting systems.

Abstract: An equine safety device for reducing risk of a vehicle-horse collision includes a set of safety reflectors. Each safety reflector is selectively couplable to at least one of hair of a tail of a horse and hair of a forelock of the horse. The set of safety reflectors is configured to enhance visibility of the horse to an operator of vehicle via light from headlights of the vehicle being reflected back to the operator.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a development application having a tiered application pattern. One system includes an electronic processor configured to, with a gateway layer, receive and route a request to an application layer. In response to receiving the request from the gateway layer, the electronic processor is also configured to, with the application layer, perform application functionality corresponding to a function associated with the request. The application functionality includes generating an application event. The electronic processor is configured to receive, with an event stream layer, the application event from the application layer. The electronic processor is configured to, with the data processing layer, access the application event and process the application event. The electronic processor is configured to transmit, with the data processing layer, the processed application event to a data storage layer.

Abstract: An emergency alert system and method of operation are provided. The system includes an emergency alert pad configured to detect a pad activation by a service animal and communicate a pad alert in response. An emergency alert vest is worn by the service animal and is configured to detect a vest activation by a person in proximity and communicate a vest alert in response. A user mobile device is in communication with the emergency alert pad and vest and is configured to record a pre-recorded message. At least one affiliated mobile device is configured to receive the pre-recorded message during the pad activation and the vest activation. An emergency response center is in communication with the emergency alert pad and the emergency alert vest and is configured to receive at least one of the pad alert and the vest alert and provide emergency services accordingly.

Abstract: An agricultural data collection framework is provided in a system and method for tracking and managing livestock, and for analyzing animal conditions such as health, growth, nutrition, and behavior. The framework uses ultra-high frequency interrogation of RFID tags to collect individual animal data across multiple geographical locations, and incorporates artificial intelligence techniques to develop machine learning base models for statistical process controls around each animal for evaluating the animal condition. The framework provides a determination of normality at an individual animal basis or for a specific location, and generates alerts, predictions, and a targeted processing or application schedule for prioritizing and delivering resources when intervention is needed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for optimizing user experience with respect to sequences of electronic messages to drive user engagement. For example, a method may include determining a set of messages including at least a first message and a second message; transmitting the first and second messages as an initial message to a first plurality of devices and a second plurality of devices, respectively; determining a first and second performance indicator at least based on one or more responses to the first and second messages transmitted as the initial message, respectively; comparing the first performance indicator and the second performance indicator; and sorting a sequence of the set of messages based on the comparison of the first performance indicator to the second performance indicator.

Abstract: Systems for long range low power cattle monitoring include a tail patch for sensing mounting activity and communicating the sensed activity via low power communications techniques. Low power, LoRaWAN, communications with long range capabilities can provide extended range for monitoring breeding activity while conserving energy use.

Abstract: A communication terminal for Internet telephony is provided that handles and control communication of data in accordance with a standardized network protocol and exchanges data with a connecting unit connected to the Internet where the resulting data exchanged between the terminal and a connecting unit consist of packets in a standardized protocol data packet format embedded in a wireless format. This provides a communications terminal which uses a network or the Internet for the transfer of digitized speech, etc., thereby achieving great economic savings. Also, the flexibility is increased with respect to wireless communication with the network or the Internet without any need for specialized equipment and functionality.

Abstract: A patient care method includes remotely monitoring bio-signs of a patient via a patient care device associated with the patient, and determining a health status of the patient based on the monitored bio-signs. According to various embodiments, the patient care device establishes wireless communication with a plurality of biosensors for receiving bio-signs from the biosensors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a package securing doormat frame having a concealed security tarp. The package securing doormat frame comprises a frame for receiving at least one mat. The frame has a recessed chamber along at least a portion of the perimeter of the frame. A securing rail is operationally related to the frame and repositionable. A security tarp has at least a portion secured to the frame and at least a portion secured by the securing rail. The security tarp is stored in the recessed chamber. When a package is placed on the mat it is secured by repositioning the securing rail which extends the security tarp over the package. The package securing doormat frame can be a web-enabled, Internet of things device.

Abstract: A social network system for pets comprises a sensor for detecting or collecting a pet's voices or body signals, a translation unit for comparing the detected pet's voices or body signals with the stored sample patterns, determining the pet's emotions or feelings by choosing one or many sample patterns which are most closely matched to the detected pet's voices or body signals, and a processing unit for performing one or many actions based on the determined pet's emotions or feelings.

Abstract: A pet monitoring system comprising a first sensor configured to detect a first condition in the space and a second sensor configured to detect a second condition in the space is disclosed. The system may further comprise a memory for storing one or more rules each configured to identify an alert condition for a pet in the space based on the first and/or second conditions in the space, a communications module configured to communicate with a remote device over a network, and a controller. The controller is configured to apply the one or more rules to the first and second detected conditions in the space to identify one or more alert conditions and determine what, if any, action is required by an owner or caretaker of the pet, and if action is required, provide an alert to the remote device via the communications module.

Abstract: Apparatus for managing animals such as but not limited to livestock. In some embodiments, a tag assembly is configured for attachment to an outer ear of an animal. The tag assembly has a main body and a shaft that extends through an aperture extending through the outer ear to attach the main body to a facing surface of the outer ear. A primary temperature sensor of the tag assembly is configured to obtain outer ear temperature data indicative of an outer ear temperature of the outer ear. A control circuit is configured to receive the outer ear temperature data via a wireless communication link with the tag assembly. The control circuit determines a health state of the animal in response to a localized change in a magnitude of the outer ear temperature data in relation to a set of ambient temperature data over a selected time interval.

Abstract: A cattle raising management system includes at least one terrain package (1) which includes a terrain intercommunication box (8), at least one propagation package (2) which includes a repeater intercommunication box (9) and at least one farm package (3) which includes a farm intercommunication box (10). The terrain intercommunication box (8), the repeater intercommunication box (9), and the farm intercommunication box (10) form a network where each of said boxes can be connected via radio waves to any of the other boxes.

Abstract: A variable power source attachment for providing and disconnecting power to a correctional animal collar is provided. In one embodiment, the variable power source attachment includes a first positive terminal and a first negative terminal coupled to the correctional collar; and a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal coupled to a power source. A relay is disposed between the first terminals and the second terminals and defines a closed position completing an electrical circuit and an open position disrupting the electrical circuit. A processing module includes a communication module with a receiver configured to receive at least one signal indicating that a smoke alarm has been activated; and a processor to switch the relay from the closed position to the open position, upon receipt of the at least one signal.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes an outside environment information obtaining unit including at least one of a sound obtaining unit configured to obtain outside environment information and an imaging unit configured to image an outside environment, the outside environment information obtaining unit being configured to obtain outside environment information which is capable of grasping an outside situation and a communication unit configured to communicate with an external device connected thereto via a network, thereby rendering the outside environment information obtained by the outside environment information obtaining unit referable at the external device side.

Abstract: The present invention is a functional communication lexigram device and training method for operation thereof that animals autonomously operate to initiate communication to “voice” their choices to (a) the people around them using recorded spoken words or sounds (or other detectable cue) and/or to (b) wired, wireless or internet connected accessory devices receiving an output signal from the device. The invention includes the method for training the human and the animal how to operate the device using operant conditioning techniques. Using the training method, the animal is taught to press or touch button-like modalities that are identified by visual-tactile-auditory cues and by position in a fixed array and to associate pressing each of the particular button-like modalities with particular positive consequences.

Abstract: Enhanced methods and systems for human-pet communication are described. Example embodiments provide an Internet Canine Communication System (“ICCS”). The ICCS facilitates remote communication and interaction with between a dog and its owner, caretaker, trainer, family member, or the like. The ICCS may include a base station or similar device that is configured to deliver treats to a dog and to transmit audio/visual communication between the dog and a remote client device operated by a human user. The ICCS may also facilitate training the dog to utilize the ICCS to communicate with the user, such as by answering calls from or initiating calls to the remote client device of the user.

Abstract: A pet collar with a latch mount includes a collar body in a ring shape and a hardware holder fixed and locked to the collar body. The hardware holder has a latching assembly and a connecting terminal child-and-mother seat; the collar body includes a flexible printed circuit component; the flexible printed circuit component has plural waterproof LED luminous bodies packaged by resin; the waterproof LED luminous body is connected to the connecting terminal child-and-mother seat of the hardware holder through the flexible printed circuit component. The invention has the features of powerful function, simple structure, and reasonable design and uses a hardware holder to achieve the effect of combining different hardware components to improve the environmental adaptability of the product, so as to meet the using requirements for different occasions and environments.

Abstract: A pet chest strap with a mount includes a chest strap body and a hardware holder fixed and locked to the chest strap body. The hardware holder has a locking assembly and a connecting terminal child-and-mother seat; the chest strap body includes a flexible printed circuit component with plural LED luminous bodies attached onto the flexible printed circuit component and packaged with a resin; the LED luminous bodies are connected to the connecting terminal child-and-mother seat of the hardware holder through the flexible printed circuit component. The invention has the features of powerful function, simple structure, and reasonable design and uses a hardware holder to achieve the effect of combining different hardware components to improve the environmental adaptability of the product, so as to meet the using requirements for different occasions and environments.

Abstract: A smart pet collar includes a chest strap body, a hardware holder, and a smart hardware body. The hardware holder is locked to the chest strap body; the smart hardware body is installable into the hardware holder; the hardware holder has a latching element for latching the smart hardware body; the hardware holder has a connecting terminal child-and-mother seat corresponsive to the smart hardware body; the chest strap body includes a flexible printed circuit component; and the flexible printed circuit component has LED luminous bodies packaged by a resin. The invention has the features of powerful function, simple structure, reasonable design, and detachable components to facilitate use without affecting the pet's wearing comfortability. With the detachable structure, the tensile strength of the chest strap body is enhanced. The invention also has the effects of improving the product quality, lowering the production cost, and providing good applications.

Abstract: A smart pet collar includes a collar body, a hardware holder, and a smart hardware body. The collar body is ring shaped, the hardware holder is locked to the collar body; the smart hardware body is installable into the hardware holder; the hardware holder has a latching element for latching the smart hardware body and a connecting terminal child-and-mother seat configured to be corresponsive to the smart hardware body; and the collar body includes a flexible printed circuit component. The pet collar has the features of powerful function, simple structure, and reasonable design and detachable components to facilitate its use without affecting the pet's wearing comfortability. With the double auxiliary antenna design, the pet collar improves the capability of transmitting/receiving wireless signals, positioning precision and environmental adaptability to meet the requirements for different occasions and environments without increasing the volume or quantity of components of the pet collar.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to controlling electronic devices in a target control area based on a footstep pattern of a registered member. Such controlling may be performed through identifying a person detected by a sensor based on footstep information received from the sensor, obtaining control information associated with the identified registered member, and controlling target devices in the target control area based on the obtained control information.

Abstract: A system and a method for observing piglet birth is provided. The method comprises detecting at a first detection zone, infrared electromagnetic radiation from a first radiation zone including at least a first area of a first delivery zone of a first farrowing sow or gilt, identifying a first event indicative variation in the detected infrared electromagnetic radiation, the first event indicative variation being indicative of a piglet birth, and determining a first piglet birth event by means of the identification of the first event indicative variation.

Abstract: A wireless location assisted zone guidance system incorporates dynamically variable intervals between sequential position requests. Variables used to influence the duration of a current interval between sequential position requests include: location within a current zone; velocity within a zone; and output from sensors such as secondary low power location sensors, inertial sensors, and biometric sensors. Preferably, the sensors are not being used to try to determine precise position, but instead to indicate a degree of uncertainty in the current position. When this degree of uncertainty is sufficient to merit added processing and associated energy consumption, a new wireless location determination will be made.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for managing animals such as but not limited to livestock. In some embodiments, an ear tag assembly has a main body, a backing member and a shaft that extends through an aperture through an outer ear of an animal to interconnect the main body and the backing member. A primary temperature sensor obtains an outer ear temperature of the outer ear. An ambient temperature sensor obtains an ambient temperature of a surrounding environment external to the animal. A control circuit receives the outer ear and ambient temperatures and determines a state of the animal responsive to a comparison of the outer ear temperature and the ambient temperature over a selected time interval.

Abstract: A system is described that includes communications modules, a wearable device, and an application running on a processor of a computing platform. The system includes placing each communications module at a location in a premise, wherein each communications module periodically transmits a unique number, wherein the application detects and stores each unique number. The system includes the application organizing linking information by linking each unique number with a distance and a function and transmitting the linking information to the wearable device. The wearable device may detect a transmission of a communications module, use information of the transmission to identify the communications module's unique number and to estimate a distance from the wearable device to its location. The wearable device may use the linking information to identify the corresponding function and distance and perform the function when the estimated distance meets at least one criterion with respect to the distance.

Abstract: An electronic sensing device used to detect the presence of a pet thereon and emit a communication through an audio alert or notification to the pet's owner of the pet's need to leave the house or go outside through a selected pre-programmed audio sound produced through speakers or a wireless notification (e.g., such as a push notification, e-mail, or any other type of wireless notification) transmitted to a smart phone or other electronic device (e.g., software program or application, etc . . . ); or one or both, as desired.

Abstract: A look-up table is defined by at least one reference point, and rows and columns that are offset from the reference. The table rows and columns correspond to ordinate and abscissa data points representing geographic locations. Each data point offset in the table corresponds to a predefined geographic offset. The look-up table contains machine-stored values at each table location, with each value representing a particular one of several guidance zones. Each guidance zone is associated with behavioral guidance provided to an animal. Real-time determination of a current guidance zone is made by first determining present location. The corresponding table location is identified by calculating latitudinal and longitudinal offsets from a reference point, and using these offsets as the two indices to access a double-indexed array. The offsets are selectively subjected to a scalar conversion to accommodate large land areas while limiting the amount of memory required to store the table.

Abstract: A system comprising an animal management label, a pedometer, each provided with a transmitter and receiver device, and a smart tag for detecting movements of an animal provided therewith. The system comprises a plurality of readers for wirelessly reading out the label, and a central computer configured for communication with the readers. The system is configured for updating the label. The central computer is configured to supply update data the readers. A random one of the readers transmits the update data when the label is within wireless reading distance. The system comprises recording means for keeping a record of data received by the label. The random one of the readers resumes transmitting update data within, which update data according to the recording means was not yet received by the label.

Abstract: Tracking tags for attachment to an object or animal. The tracking tags may include low-power long-range transmitters drawing power from a battery or a renewable energy source. The tracking tags may also each include a microcontroller having a sleep-mode module enabling nearly no quiescent current to be drawn when the microcontroller is in a sleep-mode. The microcontroller may enter into a sleep-mode for long periods of time following a short period of sending data to the low-power long-range transmitter. The short period of sending data may be approximately one-twentieth of the long sleep-mode period. The tracking tags may also include sensors for determining an ambient temperature or biometric data about an animal to which the tracking tag is attached. Locations of the tracking tags may be determined using signal trilateration and/or signal triangulation.

Abstract: A collective objects data base management system for objects such as documents contained in file folders in drawers of file cabinets. Each file folder has an electrical circuit with a visible indicator mounted on the file folder. Each folder circuit has an object receptacle microcontroller with a unique system address which enables generation of a response signal whenever an incoming address from a source is a match and activation of the visible indicator. An object container microcontroller periodically polls the object receptacle microcontrollers in the cabinet and stores an updated version of the cabinet object data base. The cabinet object data base contents are sent to a host computer, which maintains the system data base.

Abstract: Various embodiments of RFID switch devices are disclosed herein. Such RFID switch devices advantageously enable manual activation/deactivation of the RF module. The RFID switch device may include a RF module with an integrated circuit adapted to ohmically connect to a substantially coplanar conductive trace pattern, as well as booster antenna for extending the operational range of the RFID device. The operational range of the RFID switch device may be extended when a region of the booster antenna overlaps a region of the conductive trace pattern on the RF module via inductive or capacitive coupling. The RFID switch device may further include a visual indicator displaying a first color if the RFID switch device is in an active state and/or a second color if the RFID switch device is in an inactive state.

Abstract: A method for security and/or automation systems is described. In one embodiment, the method may include detecting a proximity of a user at a home automation device. The method may further include projecting an external display of home automation system information from the home automation device onto a surface. In some embodiments, the external display may be projected based, at least in part, on the detected proximity of the user at the home automation device.

Abstract: A computing device is described that can receive contextual information related to a user associated with the computing device. The contextual information may relate to at least one of a physiological condition of the user at a current time or a type of activity associated with the user at the current time. The computing device can select, based at least in part on the contextual information, a type of alert to output as an indication of notification data. The type of alert may include at least one of an electric stimulus type alert, a shape-memory alloy type alert, and a vibration type alert. Responsive to selecting the type of alert, the computing device can output an alert based on the notification data, the alert being of the selected type of alert.

Abstract: A method for tracking processes and/or services, which concern at least one object, in which a reading device detects data or attributes of a data carrier associated with the object or container thereof, wherein the data describe the object, comprising the following steps: a) identifying the object by detecting the data of the data carrier by means of the reading device and b) detecting a process or a service and/or the data obtained therefrom concerning the object, is further developed in that, between steps a) and b), a selection of processes and/or services from a plurality is made depending on the detected data, and the selection is offered to an operating person to be carried out. The invention also relates to a computer program product for setting up a computer system with regard to programming, and a changing station for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A system for locating a lost pet includes: a tag configured to be worn on the pet; a handheld device configured to be connected with the tag wirelessly; a remote server configured to store information that corresponds to the pet wearing the tag; and an application installed on the handheld device and configured to provide a user interface and establish a connection with the remote server. The tag includes wireless communication means and a unique identification code for distinguishing the tag among a plurality of tags, and is configured to broadcast the unique identification code wirelessly. The handheld device is configured to establish a connection with the tag within a predetermined range, receive the broadcasted unique identification code from the tag, and trigger a predetermined routine if the connection with the tag is terminated. A method for locating a lost pet is also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for animal health monitoring are described. In one embodiment, an animal health monitoring system includes a ruminant bolus transponder, a high frequency radio frequency transceiver device, and at least one base station including a high frequency radio frequency transceiver, wherein the high frequency radio frequency transceiver device is proximally located to the bolus transponder, wherein the ruminant bolus periodically emerges from a low power dormant state and measures data including at least one sensor measurement including time and date data, wherein the ruminant bolus is configured to store the measured data using the memory connected to the microcontroller in the ruminant bolus, wherein the ruminant bolus periodically emerges from a low power dormant state and transmits the stored data in the memory to the proximally located device via high frequency RF transmission, and wherein the ruminant bolus can be spontaneously activated by a low frequency scanner.

Abstract: Enhanced methods and systems for human-pet communication are described. Example embodiments provide an Internet Canine Communication System (“ICCS”). The ICCS facilitates remote communication and interaction with between a dog and its owner, caretaker, trainer, family member, or the like. The ICCS may include a base station or similar device that is configured to deliver treats to a dog and to transmit audio/visual communication between the dog and a remote client device operated by a human user. The ICCS may also facilitate training the dog to utilize the ICCS to communicate with the user, such as by answering calls from or initiating calls to the remote client device of the user.