Abstract: A condensing boiler condensate discharge device includes a hollow body having a peripheral wall, a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end. An inflow opening is provided in the peripheral wall and extends starting from the first longitudinal end in the direction of the second longitudinal end. A drain opening is provided in the peripheral wall. A separating wall is provided within the hollow body and extends from the first longitudinal end in the direction of the second longitudinal end and has a free end. The separating wall divides the hollow body into a condensate receiving channel, and a condensate discharge channel. The condensate receiving channel and the condensate discharge channel are flow-connected to each other via a passage. The drain opening and the inflow opening are arranged to be overlapping with an overlap length as viewed in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A fluid container measurement system is disclosed. The fluid container measurement system is configured to suspend a load measurement assembly a distance above a support surface. The load measurement assembly houses a load cell and a measurement control circuit. The measurement control circuit is coupled to the load cell and configured to receive electrical signals indicative of a force imposed on the load cell. Electrical signals generated by the load cell indicative of the force exerted on the load cell can be used to measure the fluid container attached to the load cell linkage member.

Abstract: A fixture for flooding detection that includes a communication interface; a processor; and a computer-readable storage media coupled to the processor and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a first sensor, a first signal indicative of a water level at a location within a facility, determining, based on the first signal, the water level at the location within the facility, determining a shut-off condition based on the water level at the location within the facility reaching a first predetermined height, and transmitting, via the communication interface, a shut-off signal to at least one water inlet at the location within the facility.

Abstract: The invention is a flexible and configurable inspection system for the inspection of container units that combines and integrates a holding assembly for multiple containers integrating servo-controlled rotation of the units, transport and positioning of the containers that simulate human handling, and camera stations employing automated vision inspection. The system performs horizontal inspection for particulate and any other container defect that promotes particulate to better locate within the inspection area of the cameras. Inspection sequences and product recipes combine the typical manual inspection agitation with automated inspection rotational techniques to optimize detection. The system allows for semi-automatic operation with the operator at the front of the station feeding and out-feeding material manually or fully automated with conveyance system feeding and out-feeding material from the back of the station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for monitoring the water level proximate to a vehicle. The system comprises a control unit and at least one sensor in communication with the control unit. The at least one sensor is configured such that the control unit can determine a pitch of a trailer coupled to the vehicle and the height of a surface of water proximate to the trailer. The system includes a display screen displaying a representation of the trailer including the pitch of the trailer, and a representation of the surface of water proximate to the trailer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus (5) for determining a change in volume within a vessel (11) with regard to fluid (14) being added or removed from the vessel. The method involves measuring first and second surface levels (20, 20?) of fluid (14) within the vessel (11) (with regard to fluid being added or removed therefrom), first and second roll values (23, 23?) of the vessel, and first and second pitch values (26, 26?) of the vessel. From these measurements, and in conjunction with the known interior dimensions and known interior total volume of the vessel, there are calculated first and second fluid volumes that are compared to determine a change in fluid within the vessel.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting biofluid is disclosed, specifically utilizing a signaling element and a reader, wherein the signaling element comprises a sensing element, an impedance measuring circuit, an oscillator circuit, an acoustic transducer, and a power supply source, while the reader device comprises a microphone and a processor.

Abstract: A wastewater monitoring system uses a digital camera in a fixed location in a wastewater pipe. The digital camera is coupled to a binary sensor that provides a binary trip signal that indicates when the sensor detects wastewater in the pipe exceeding a defined threshold. When the digital camera detects a trip signal from the binary sensor, operating logic in the digital camera changes frequency for taking pictures. The digital camera preferably adds visible data to a stored digital photograph file that may include any or all of the following: camera serial number, state of sensor(s), temperature, battery level in the digital camera, and battery level in the sensor(s). The visible data is stored in the digital photograph file such that the visible information is overlaid on the digital photograph so it is visible to the eye of the person viewing the digital photograph.

Abstract: A horizontal automatic submersible pump includes a capacitive liquid level sensor, a circuit board and a motor. The capacitive liquid level sensor is arranged inside a casing of the horizontal automatic submersible pump. The capacitive liquid level sensor is configured to detect a liquid level outside the casing of the horizontal automatic submersible pump. The output terminal of the capacitive liquid level sensor is connected to the input terminal of the circuit board. The control terminal of the motor is connected to the output terminal of the circuit board. The circuit board is configured to control the motor to work or stop according to a detection signal of the capacitive liquid level sensor. The horizontal automatic submersible pump starts and stops automatically, and the capacitive liquid level sensor means there are fewer moving parts, which makes the pump less expensive to manufacture, more dependable and longer lasting.

Abstract: Utilizing the techniques disclosed herein, sensor data inaccuracies may be corrected such that calculated fill levels more accurately reflect the actual fill level of the item within an automatic replenishment device (ARD). For example, the ARD may include a sensor configured to collect the sensor data (e.g., a distance between the sensor and an item contained within the ARD). Sensor data associated with an item within the ARD may be received. A measurement offset value specific to the item may be identified. An estimated fill level of the item within the ARD may be calculated based at least in part on the distance measured between the sensor and the item and the measurement offset value specific to the item.

Abstract: An electronic control device for use in a motor vehicle including an electronic housing, a capacitor sensor, and a control unit. The capacitor sensor may be provided with a capacitor sensor electrode arranged inside the electronic housing. The control unit may be configured to output a trigger signal in response to receiving a measured capacitance value deviating from a threshold value, from the capacitor sensor electrode, indicative of a conductive liquid in the electronic housing.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus is provided for a pressure tank, in particular in a motor vehicle. The monitoring apparatus is designed to determine current operating parameters of the pressure tank and, on the basis of the operating parameters, to calculate and preferably to display a maximum possible filling level for the pressure tank under the current operating parameters.

Abstract: A tank-in-tank fill level indicator, making use of noninvasive tank-in-tank measuring techniques. A vibration device, such as an exciter or resonator, vibrates the outer tank at its natural frequency of vibration, thereby inducing the vibration of the inner tank and a beating effect as a result of the interaction of the vibrations of the two tanks. A vibration detection device, such as an accelerometer, detects the resultant beating effect of the two tanks' induced vibrations. A data processing device, such as a microcontroller, processes the detection data to obtain the liquid volume. A display, wired or wireless data transmission device, or combination thereof, is then used to provide tank or container fill-level information.

Abstract: An airplane is provided. The airplane includes a fuel gauging and quantity estimation system with an improved estimation accuracy. The fuel gauging and quantity estimation system operates by detecting an environment of a tank comprising a liquid and selecting one or more liquid gauging algorithms based on the environment. The fuel gauging and quantity estimation system further operates by receiving sensor data characterizing the liquid of the tank and utilizing the sensor data and the one or more liquid gauging algorithms to determine a property of the liquid.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes systems and apparatus for detecting an impending sewer backup by detecting fluid undulations of predetermined magnitude inside a main body of a backwater valve. When at least a predetermined number of fluid undulations of predetermined magnitude are detected within a predetermined time period, an alarm can be triggered. Such undulations can be detected by monitoring a buoyant gate in a normally-open backwater valve to detecting instances of movement of the gate from a lowered position in which fluid flow from an inlet through the backwater valve is unobstructed by the gate toward but stopping short of a raised position in which the gate closes the inlet to obstruct fluid flow through the valve. For example, a sensor can be carried on the gate to detect movement of the gate. Alternatively, fluid levels inside the main body can be monitored directly.

Abstract: A liquid measurement system for determining a quantity of a liquid within a tank includes a pressurized air supply, a valve connected to the pressurized air supply with the valve able to introduce a known mass of air into the tank, a pressure sensor able to measure the change in air pressure within the tank, and a processor operatively connected to the valve and the pressure sensor. The processor is able to determine the volume of the liquid within the tank from the known mass of air introduced into the tank and the change in air pressure within the tank.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for evaluating an earth formation intersected by a borehole. Apparatus may include at least one radiation detector configured to generate an analog electrical signal responsive to a plurality of radiation events, comprising absorption of incident ionizing radiation at a corresponding energy level, and an ionizing radiation spectrometer configured to convert each analog electrical signal from the at least one radiation detector into a plurality of digital signal pulses corresponding to the radiation events and resolve the plurality of digital signal pulses into radiation count information representative of the radiation events. Spectrometers include an input channel for each detector of the at least one radiation detector comprising an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and configured to convert the analog electrical signal for each detector into the plurality of digital signal pulses; and at least one processor configured to generate the radiation count information.

Abstract: An appliance can comprise a controller, a first memory, and a near field communication (NFC) tag having a second memory being coupled to the controller. The NFC tag is configured to dynamically set a web service address from an external server based upon a write command from a mobile device in communication with the NFC tag. The controller can parse the web service address to begin a set of diagnostic tests for the appliance and write a web service address to the NFC tag based upon a result of the diagnostic tests. The mobile device can read the written web service address and load a web page with detailed information for the particular appliance and the problem diagnosed therewith.

Abstract: A washer fluid tank assembly for vehicle mounting includes a tank, a track, a float and two magnetically-responsive sensors. The tank has a fill opening. The track is formed in a first wall of and inside the tank. The float is slidably disposed on the track and has a magnet thereon proximate to a second wall of the tank. The magnetically-responsive sensors are fixed to the second wall of the tank in alignment with the track. The sensors are each associated with a predetermined fluid volume.

Abstract: An easy assembly control panel and method is disclosed. In one example, an enclosure is provided having a pilot device coupled to the enclosure. A pre-assembled control panel is inserted into the enclosure, quick coupling the control panel to the pilot device and providing control communication between the pilot device and the control panel. No additional manual wiring or manual mechanical coupling is needed to couple the user interface device to the control panel. The control panel can be used as part of a system, such as a submersible pump system.

Abstract: A sensor for determining liquid level in a liquid reservoir can include a primary inductor and a secondary inductor to be associated with sides of the reservoir that changes shape as a volume of liquid changes or is displaced within the liquid reservoir. The sensor can include an electrical power source to inductively couple the primary inductor and the secondary inductor. The liquid level sensor can include an inductive coupling measurement device associated with the primary inductor and/or the secondary inductor to measure a characteristic indicative of the inductive coupling of the primary inductor and the secondary inductor (e.g., a distance between inductors). As liquid volume changes and the reservoir deforms, the inductors move relative to each other and a voltage change occurs to determine a liquid level in the reservoir. A sensor kit is provided.

Abstract: A device (1) for monitoring the operation of a dosage dispenser (2) which includes a suction pipe (5) suitable for being plunged into the liquid additive (3) contained in a container (6), the monitoring device including elements for detecting the suction of liquid additive and elements for displaying operating parameters of the dosage dispenser; the detection elements include a tube (10), separate from the suction pipe (5), one end (10b) of which is configured to be plunged into the container of liquid additive, and the other end (10c) is kept stationary relative to the suction pipe in order to be located outside the container, the other end (10c) being closed and provided with a sensor of the air pressure inside the tube, the sensor outputting an electrical signal, and elements for using the signal from the sensor, connected to the outlet of the sensor, to provide information on the operation.

Abstract: A method can include generating image data of an interior of a fuel tank disposed within a wing of an aircraft, and determining, by a processing device, an amount of wing bending of the wing of the aircraft based on the generated image data of the interior of the fuel tank. The method can further include producing, by the processing device, a fuel measurement value representing an amount of fuel contained in the fuel tank based on the amount of wing bending of the wing of the aircraft, and outputting, by the processing device, an indication of the fuel measurement value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for interfacing a hazard detection device with a control panel system via a dongle are provided. The dongle may be configured to alternate between drawing first and second amounts of power from the control panel system in response to the hazard detection device alternating between operating in a normal mode when no hazard is detected and an alarm mode when a hazard is detected. The hazard detection device may operate independently of any characteristics of the control panel system. For example, the hazard detection device may operate without drawing any power from the control panel system. Therefore, the dongle may allow for various types of hazard detection devices to interface with a common two-line power control system.

Abstract: A beverage server includes a removable lid with a display adapted to be viewed from a distance, the display equipped with LEDs that flash information to users with respect to a freshness and fluid level of a beverage in the server.

Abstract: A wireless sensor network at a monitored location can be configured to generate sensor channel(s) of data to assess operational conditions at the monitored location. Inputs based on the sensor channel(s) of data are provided to a host system for analysis of a demand to one or more resources at the monitored location. Response messages can be generated based on the demand analysis and transmitted to actuator(s) at the monitored location to effect an adjustment to the operational conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for the carrying out of a blood treatment, in particular a dialysis treatment, wherein the system has at least one blood treatment device, in particular a dialyzer, and at least one tank from which treatment fluid, in particular dialysis fluid, is removed during the carrying out of the blood treatment and/or into which consumed treatment fluid, in particular consumed dialysis fluid, is filled during the carrying out of the blood treatment, wherein the tank is an element of at least one mobile apparatus which can be connected to the blood treatment device such that at least one fluid connection can be established between the tank and the blood treatment device.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing system which includes a server, a sensing system coupled to the server for detecting a quantity of beverage retained in the server, a display coupled to the sensing system, and a count-up timer coupled to the system. The display may provide indicia as to the time and/or freshness of the beverage in the server. A method for sensing and displaying a quantity of beverage in a beverage server which can also include a freshness indicator. A resettable timer is incorporated which cannot be reset until at least the sensing system has been physically or operatively uncoupled from the server. The resetting may also require the sensing system to detect an empty server upon recoupling the sensing system with the server. Further, the resetting may also require monitoring a refill function for refill occurring within a predetermined rate parameter or time.

Abstract: A capacitive fluid sensor is provided that utilizes a flexible substrate. It has a plurality of conductive members supported on it which are connected to a connecting end. The conductive members are arranged in an array and are aligned with a longitudinal axis of the substrate and the members are separated by intervening spaces. The intervening spaces are arranged so that they cross the longitudinal axis at an angle such that adjacent conductive members overlap each other when viewed from a side edge of the sensor. Such an arrangement provide more accurate measurement of fluid levels within containers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a purely resistive dimming circuit for driving LEDs to emit light and support an LED dimming function. The LEDs are divided into a first string and a second string connected in series with each other. The purely resistive dimming circuit is respectively and electrically coupled to an anode terminal of the first string and an anode terminal of the second string by a driving resistor and a current limiting resistor which are connected in series with each other. The resistance of the driving resistor restricts the LEDs to emit light at different stages to enhance the working efficiency of circuits, while using the property of the current limiting resistor to limit the overvoltage current, so as to achieve a constant power operating effect.

Abstract: The amount of processing liquid consumed from the processing liquid in the tank is calculated based on the history of opening and closing events of one or more of the valves, and that the anomaly detection controller of the substrate processing apparatus generates a level sensor failure alarm if the calculated amount of consumed processing liquid has increased beyond a state transition liquid consumption amount and yet the level sensor has not switched from the first state to the second state. The substrate processing apparatus and the level sensor are designed so that the level sensor switches from the first state to the second state when the calculated amount of consumed processing liquid has increased beyond the state transition liquid consumption amount.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuating device, in particular camshaft adjustment device, having an armature unit (14) which can be driven in the axial direction or parallel thereto in reaction to energization of a stationary, axially oriented coil unit (10) and is designed to interact with a slide and/or plunger unit (16) which extends in the axial direction, in particular a plunger unit which brings about camshaft adjustment of an internal combustion engine, wherein permanent magnet means are provided on and/or in the armature unit and/or the slide or plunger unit, and the coil unit and armature unit are accommodated at least partially in a housing unit or carrier unit.

Abstract: A vehicle (100) comprising a wading information display (1020), a memory and a processor, the memory containing a program configured to run on the processor to calculate the maximum wading depth of the vehicle from the measured suspension travel, and to display the maximum wading depth on the display. The display may also show a dual wading depth, an advisory wading speed, and vehicle inclination.

Abstract: Ultraviolet curable ink contained in an ink pack is prevented from curing during storage. The second resin layer, the metal layer, and the protective layer in the upper film of the surface portion of the ink pack extend from the base layer (extended portion). The metal layer has a light-shielding property, and the extended portion is folded back and attached to the surface of the lower film of the side-surface portion. The metal layer having a light-shielding property thus covers the base layers exposed at the end surface of the joint portion, and can prevent external ultraviolet rays from reaching the ink through the base layers.

Abstract: A portable solar-powered fluid level alarm system which uses a fluid level sensor electrically connected to electronic controls in a control box. The control box is mounted on an elongated member extending from a base which holds the system upright. The electronic controls within the control box operate up to four different alarms, including an audio alarm, a visual alarm, a remote notification signal via a global positioning system (“GPS”), and a remote notification signal via Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). The alarm system is also a keyed system so that once an alarm sounds only authorized personnel may deactivate it.

Abstract: A non-invasive level sensing system for monitoring the amount of content in at least one container includes a platform for supporting the at least one container, at least one holder associated with the at least one container supported by the platform, a source for generating a radio frequency signal, circuitry in communication with the at least one holder for transmitting the radio frequency signal through the at least one holder into the at least one container and receiving a portion of the radio frequency signal reflected at a content-air interface in the at least one container, and circuitry for processing the reflected radio frequency signal and determining the amount of content in the at least one container.

Abstract: A manhole security cover includes a manhole cover body comprising a non-metallic RF signal transmissive material. The manhole cover body is seatable on a manhole frame to cover a manhole opening. In the seated position, the first side is accessible from outside the manhole, the second side is disposed within the manhole, and the peripheral edge portion engages a manhole cover support surface on the manhole frame. A manhole cover tamper sensor is responsive to a predetermined movement of the manhole security cover body. A transmitter is operatively connected to the manhole cover tamper sensor and configured to generate a radio frequency manhole cover tamper signal when the manhole cover tamper sensor detects the predetermined movement of the manhole security cover body. An antenna is operatively coupled to the transmitter to radiate radio frequency energy through the manhole cover body to a receiver located outside of said manhole.

Abstract: A system includes a pump that is operative to move liquid out of a reservoir. The system also includes a depth level sensor that is operative to determine a depth level of the liquid in the reservoir, and a controller operatively connected to the depth level sensor. The system further includes a variable frequency drive operatively connected to the motor and the controller. Responsive to the determined depth level of the liquid increasing to a first level, the controller is operative to start operation of the motor. The variable frequency drive is operative to control the speed of the motor. The controller is operative to cause the variable frequency drive to output an optimum frequency that causes the motor to operate at substantially the lowest usage of energy to lower the depth level of the liquid in the reservoir from the first level to a second level.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein include individual-use beverage containers including sensors and methods of their use. Beverage containers include: a vessel body configured to hold a beverage; and at least one sensor associated with the vessel body, the at least one sensor including a sensor configured to detect one or more substance in a fluid. Systems include: at least one beverage container including at least one sensor configured to detect one or more substance in fluid; and at least one external device including at least one port configured for communication with the at least one sensor. Methods include: detecting one or more substance within fluid with at least one sensor integral to a beverage container; and interfacing one or more of the at least one sensor with an external device.

Abstract: A service display system for a machine with an out-board service area is disclosed. The service display system indicates a plurality of fluid levels within a plurality of fluid reservoirs, corresponding to respective one of a plurality of sub-systems. The service display system includes a port relay board disposed within the out-board service area. The port relay board includes a plurality of fluid fill ports that correspond to one of the plurality of fluid reservoirs. The port relay board includes a first indicator and at least one second indicator disposed within proximity of the plurality of fluid fill ports. The first indicator is adapted to communicate at least one fluid level of the at least one of the plurality of fluid reservoirs. The at least one second indicator is adapted to visibly indicate an inclination position of the machine.

Abstract: A system is provided to control fluid flow in a wastewater treatment system through wastewater level manipulation. The wastewater treatment system may include a wastewater treatment plant connected to a plurality of pump stations by a main. Each of the plurality of pump stations may include a wet well with a pump therein. The system may include a central server in communication with a sensor to sense a level of wastewater within the wet well. The pump may be automatically moved to an on position when the level of the wastewater in the wet well is at or above a first level and may be automatically moved to an off position when the level of the wastewater in the respective wet well is at or below a pump cutoff level. The central server may systematically manipulate the first level to selectively set the level of wastewater within the wet well.

Abstract: A server rack holds a number of modular servers configured for liquid cooling by passing a liquid coolant through interiors of the servers. Failure management of the cooling system is by management of the servers in segregated fault domains. Each fault domain comprises a number of the servers serviced by a dedicated coolant circuit that is segregated from the cooling circuits of the other fault domains. Potential liquid coolant leaks in a specific fault domain can be identified by monitoring liquid coolant levels in the respective coolant circuits. Each fault domain can include a separate, dedicated heat exchanger and a separate, dedicated coolant reservoir.

Abstract: An electric generator set fuel control system is disclosed. The fuel control system includes an electric generator, a prime mover mechanically coupled to the generator, a first fuel tank, a fuel level sensor configured to generate a fuel level signal indicative of a fuel level in the first fuel tank, a fuel loading operator input device configured to generate a fuel loading signal, a fueling mode operator input device configured to generate a fueling mode signal, and a control module. The first fuel tank is configured to supply fuel to the prime mover, and selectively receive or supply fuel to a second fuel tank through a fuel pump. The control module is configured to generate a fuel transfer signal as a function of the fuel loading signal, the fueling mode signal, and the fuel level signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining if a fluid level in a transmission is satisfactory. The transmission includes a controller and is coupled to a powered vehicle. The method includes measuring a grade of the surface upon which the vehicle is positioned with an inclinometer and measuring the fluid level in the transmission with a fluid sensor. The method also includes communicating the measured grade and measured fluid level to the controller and determining a fluid level threshold based on the measured grade. The measured fluid level and fluid level threshold are compared and a determination is made if the measured fluid level is satisfactory based on the comparison.

Abstract: The water saving alarm for use with a toilet tank is an accessory that works in conjunction with an existing toilet to provide an audible alarm upon detection of a drop in water level inside of the toilet tank for a predetermined amount of time. The water saving alarm is solely capable of alerting an end user to a continuously running toilet in order for said end user to take corrective action with said toilet. The water saving alarm includes a housing that rests atop of the top, edge of the toilet tank, and from which an air pressure tube descends downwardly inside of the toilet tank in order to detect water level therein. The audible alarm is produced from a speaker located elsewhere on said housing.

Abstract: A liquid level indicator indicates liquid level in a standpipe with a color change in a column of lights positioned alongside the standpipe. The indicator can be used alongside a mechanical indicator which indicates liquid level in a standpipe with a color change in a column of magnetic elements to light the mechanical indicator. The two indicators when used together provide high visibility under all conditions.

Abstract: Methods and systems for facilitating initiation of resupply orders for consumable commodities include using a stand-alone electronic or audio-generating device incorporated into retail product packaging. The stand-alone device is equipped with a rudimentary processor or logic circuit, a memory, and a wireless transmitter. A simple user interface/activation device such as a push button or membrane switch is coupled to the logic circuit or processor. The stand-alone device is incorporated into or with product packaging, and may be configured with a resupply code at or after a point of sale. A user may activate the user interface of the device when the product needs resupplying, causing the resupply code to be transmitted to an access point or terminal that initiates a reorder sequence for the product.

Abstract: A liquid processing system is disclosed. The liquid processing system comprises a number of sub-systems handling a liquid product. The liquid product is transferred between said sub-systems during processing of the liquid product. The liquid processing system further comprises a number of secondary sub-systems connectable to said sub-systems respectively. Each secondary sub-system has an associated measuring device, such that product losses or water consumption, caused by at least one secondary sub-system being connected to a corresponding sub-system of the liquid processing system, can be measured for each secondary sub-system individually.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and methods for tracking movement in a marine environment. At least one tracking device that is adapted to be deployed on a surface of the water, wherein the tracking device is capable of moving along the same trajectory of a desired object. Data from the tracking devices are received by at least one satellite, transmitted to a database, and used to determine the forecasted trajectory of the desired object. All data collected from deployed tracking devices may be integrated into a spatial data repository for analysis and reporting using GIS and associated information technologies, thereby allowing for more accurate decision-making and asset deployment during a fluid spill or similar marine contamination event. The present invention also allows for the collection and modeling of accurate localized sea current data, which may assist with marine and coastal engineering works such as shoreline protection and port dredging.

Abstract: Utilizing a sonar system to determine if a structural member of an underwater support structure that is supposed to be filled with air is instead flooded with water. The determination that a supposedly air filled structural member is instead flooded with water provides an indication that the structural member is cracked or damaged, making it easier to find damaged members and effect suitable repair. The sonar system is located a distance from the structural member so that it is spaced from the structural member.