Abstract: A refrigerant leak sensor includes: a first refrigerant sensor element configured to, when powered: measure a first amount of the refrigerant present in air; and generate a first output based on the first amount; a second refrigerant sensor element configured to, when powered: measure a second amount of the refrigerant present in air; and generate a second output based on the second amount; a first selection module configured to: during a first period, apply power the first refrigerant sensor element and not apply power to the second refrigerant sensor element; and during a second period after the first period, apply power to the second refrigerant sensor element and not apply power to the first refrigerant sensor element.

Abstract: A method of preventing improper mixing of additives in a refueling storage tank includes receiving, by a computing device, data related to an additive introduced to the refueling storage tank from a sensor positioned in the refueling storage tank. The additive introduced to the refueling tank is determined, by the computing device, based on the data received from the sensor. An output is provided, by the computing device, when the determined additive does not match a predetermined additive for the refueling storage tank. Devices and systems for preventing improper mixing of additives in a refueling storage tank are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method, a device and a computer program product for abnormal air pollution emission prediction are proposed. In the method, a first set of features characterizing air condition in a zone is obtained. Whether the zone is subject to abnormal air pollution emission in a future first time period is determined based on the first set of features and using a first prediction classifier. In response to determining that the zone is subject to abnormal air pollution emission in the first time period, a second set of features characterizing air condition in the zone is obtained. A future second time period in which the zone is subject to abnormal air pollution emission is determined based on the second set of features and using a second prediction classifier. The second time period is included in the first time period. In this way, the abnormal air pollution emission in the zone can be accurately and efficiently predicted.

Abstract: An aerosol detection system for detecting airborne organic matter, the detection system including a corridor extending along a longitudinal axis and having first and second ends; an access gate connected to the first end of the corridor and configured to control access of an individual to the corridor; a person detection system located in the corridor and configured to determine the presence of the individual inside the corridor; and a testing set configured to generate an air puff, which directs an exhaled breath of the individual for determining a presence of the airborne organic matter. The corridor has a width wc that allows movement of a single individual past the testing set.

Abstract: In some examples, a method includes receiving, from a carbon-monoxide (CO) sensor, an indication of an above-threshold level of CO for an above-threshold amount of time; determining, from a plurality of appliances, a subset of appliances associated with the CO sensor; and deactivating the subset of appliances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of remotely configuring access to at least one home automation device (D) that is part of a home-automation installation (Su), the home automation installation comprising at least one home automation device (D) and at least one central control unit (U), and the method being performed by a first remote access service (Svc1) carried out by a management unit (Sv) and comprising the following steps: receiving (ECfSvc12) an information message (MIn) relating to the presence of the home automation device (D) from a central control unit (U) to which the device (D) is linked; determining (ECfSvc13) a second service (Svc2) associated with the type of home automation device (D) for which remote access must be configured with corresponding access rules; configuring (ECfSvc110) an access rights reference system in order to accept at least one control command (MCa) from the second service (Svc2) or transmitting monitoring data (MSa) to the second service (Svc2) on behalf of the ho

Abstract: An internal combustion engine-based system including an engine, a shutdown circuit coupled to the engine to shut down the engine, a controller in communication with the shutdown circuit, and a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor in communication with the controller. The controller communicates with the shutdown circuit to shut down the engine at a predetermined CO threshold concentration when the CO sensor provides the controller with signals that are representative of a CO level proximate the engine that indicate a trend of building CO levels over a set time interval.

Abstract: An indoor air quality (IAQ) system for a building includes an IAQ sensor that is located within the building and that is configured to measure an IAQ parameter. The IAQ parameter is one of: an amount of particulate of at least a predetermined size present in air; an amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in air; and an amount of carbon dioxide present in air. A mitigation module is configured to: selectively turn on a mitigation device based on a comparison of the IAQ parameter with a first ON threshold and a second ON threshold; and selectively turn off the mitigation device based on a comparison of the IAQ parameter with an OFF threshold. A clean module is configured to determine a clean value for the IAQ parameter. A thresholds module is configured to, based on the clean value, determine the first ON threshold and the OFF threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of remotely configuring access to at least one home automation device (D) that is part of a home-automation installation (Su), the home automation installation comprising at least one home automation device (D) and at least one central control unit (U), and the method being performed by a first remote access service (Svc1) carried out by a management unit (Sv) and comprising the following steps: receiving (ECfSvc12) an information message (MIn) relating to the presence of the home automation device (D) from a central control unit (U) to which the device (D) is linked; determining (ECfSvc13) a second service (Svc2) associated with the type of home automation device (D) for which remote access must be configured with corresponding access rules; configuring (ECfSvc110) an access rights reference system in order to accept at least one control command (MCa) from the second service (Svc2) or transmitting monitoring data (MSa) to the second service (Svc2) on behalf of the ho

Abstract: Disclosed are: a communication technique for merging, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system; and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail, security and safety related services, and the like) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. The present invention relates to a method by which a terminal for performing vehicle communication (connected car or vehicle to everything) in a wireless communication system improves reliability in data transmission.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for detecting and reporting pollution at an oil facility are disclosed. The technology utilizes a logic control system to read from a pollution sensor and present the sensed data as a pollutant from a leak. The pollution leakage can be further managed and reduced.

Abstract: A gunshot detection system provides anti-tampering protection for gunshot sensor units and a control panel. The control panel monitors for tampering events, including monitoring for changes to configuration settings. When the settings are changed, even by an authorized user, the control panel generates a tampering alert and sends the alert to an operator of the control panel and/or administrators for the gunshot detection system. A similar notification might also occur when a sensor is taken offline or when an anti-tamper sensor on a housing of the gunshot sensor unit detects manipulation or opening of the housing. The control panel also monitors for tampering using machine certificates associated with the gunshot sensor units. In one example, the gunshot sensor units sign event data using the machine certificates and an arbitrary reference number known to the control panel. The control panel then verifies the signed event data to detect tampering events.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide detection system for alerting users to dangerous carbon monoxide levels and automatically opening garage doors includes a detection unit comprising a a power source and a CPU coupled within the housing. A carbon monoxide sensor, an alarm, and a control button are coupled to the housing and are in operational communication with the CPU. A transceiver is coupled within the housing and is in operational communication with the CPU. A garage door controller is coupled to the housing and is in operational communication with the CPU as well as with a standard garage door opener. A plurality of voice annunciating units is in wireless communication with the transceiver of the detection unit to create a visual and auditory alert when the alarm is triggered.

Abstract: System and method for providing a warning to a driver when a tanker truck is in a potential hose drive-off situation. The system and method are designed to detect when a hose or other conduit is in close proximity or attached to the tanker truck and alert the driver. This hose drive-off warning system and method may also physically prevent the vehicle from driving away in some embodiments while the hose or other conduit is still attached to the vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and apparatus for remote sensing with data analytics. The methods and apparatus have many applications including monitoring the quality of grain during storage and/or transport. The present disclosure describes a way to collect temperature and other environmental data to describe and predict quality of stored grains, current and future, based on a myriad factors including fumigation, external temperature and humidity, in storage grain temperature and humidity.

Abstract: A sensor device, system and method can generate a profile of one or more detected substances in an environment, receive monitoring data from one or more of a group of sensors, and assess whether a heat-not-burn device activity event has been detected. In various embodiments, the sensor device includes a particle detection sensor and a gas detection sensor and a profile for heat-not-burn device activity is established with a threshold of detected particles and/or gases. In various embodiments, the profile for heat-not-burn activity is established with a threshold of gases that is not to be met or exceeded in order to generate a positive heat-not-burn detection.

Abstract: A system including at least one detector and a central station in two-way communication with the detector is provided. The detector can include an ambient condition sensing element, a motion sensor, control circuitry, and two-way communications hardware. The control circuitry can determine an alarm event based on a first signal received from the ambient condition sensing element and can transmit an alarm signal to the communications hardware during the alarm event. The control circuitry can also determine a man-down event based on a second signal received from the motion sensor and transmit a man-down alarm signal to the communications hardware during the man-down event. The two-way communications hardware can transmit at least one of the gas alarm signal and the man-down alarm signal to a remote location, and the two-way communications hardware can receive a status inquiry from the remote location.

Abstract: In a battery holder for mounting a battery in a surveying instrument, the battery comprises contacts on a front end surface and attachment grooves formed on both side surfaces along a lower surface thereof, wherein the battery holder comprises a flange part and a battery case which extends from the flange part, wherein the battery case comprises locking pieces which are formed like a cantilever at positions corresponding to the attachment grooves on both side surfaces respectively, wherein, by fitting the battery in the battery case, the locking pieces engage with the attachment grooves through an elastic displacement, and the locking pieces hold the battery in the battery case, and wherein, by inserting the battery holder into a power supply unit storage of the surveying instrument, the locking pieces abut on a member on the power supply unit storage side, and the elastic displacement of the locking pieces is restrained.

Abstract: The invention generally provides devices and methods for particle detection for minimizing human-caused contamination in manufacturing environments requiring low levels of microbes, such as cleanroom environments for electronics manufacturing and aseptic environments for manufacturing pharmaceutical and biological products, such as sterile medicinal products. Methods of the invention may incorporate wirelessly transmitting an alarm signal from a particle detector to a remote device, replicating a graphical user interface of the particle detector on an electronic display of the remote device, and passing one or more user instructions from the remote device to the particle detector via the replicate graphical interface of the remote device.

Abstract: A device capable of and method for communicating auxiliary data over an alarm network tandem line, whereby noise signals are filtered. The noise signals have an amplitude less than a first threshold. Further, a tandem signal is transmitted or received via a tandem port, wherein the signal transmitted or received is substantially synchronous with a noise signal peak or the transmission does not contain a period greater than the first duration. The period is measured as between two of: one or more disruption point, packet beginning, and packet finish, adjacently disposed. The disruption point is a point where the tandem signal is below a first amplitude threshold. Further, the combined amplitude of the tandem signal and the noise signal is greater than the first threshold.

Abstract: A smart luminaire system in which a primary luminaire controls and/or communicates with a set of one or more secondary luminaires may be disposed in a hazardous environment, such as an industrial process plant, manufacturing facility, oil refinery, etc. The primary luminaire may send driving commands to the set of secondary luminaires via an analog portion of a hybrid wired communication interface, and the driving commands may cause a driver of a second luminaire to energize on-board illumination source(s) at various intensities. The primary luminaire may send and/or receive administrative messages to/from the secondary luminaires via a digital portion of its hybrid wired communication interface. The smart luminaire system may be a stand-alone system, or may communicate with a controller or back-end system via a wireless communication interface of the primary luminaire, e.g., to receive control instructions and/or to send consolidated administrative messages on behalf of the smart luminaire system.

Abstract: A generator including an internal combustion engine having an exhaust outlet, a proximity sensor structured to detect a distance value indicative of a distance between the exhaust outlet and an object, and a controller. The controller includes a proximity circuit structured to receive the distance value from the proximity sensor and a shutdown circuit. The shutdown circuit is structured to receive the distance value from the proximity circuit, determine whether to initiate at least one of an alarm and a shutdown of the generator based on the distance value and a predetermined distance value minimum, and initiate at least one of the alarm and the shutdown of the generator based on determining that the distance value is less than the predetermined distance value minimum.

Abstract: A combined automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) and carbon monoxide (CO) detecting device includes an ADS-B circuitry configured to receive an ADS-B transmission, a CO sensor configured to obtain a CO reading for ambient air in an aircraft cabin, a processor configured to generate a data stream combining the ADS-B transmission and the CO reading, and a wireless communication circuitry configured to provide the data stream to at least one aircraft crew computing device.

Abstract: A gas monitoring and alarm system comprises a master monitor and at least one remote monitor. The master monitor is coupled to a master sensor that senses a concentration of a gas in a first area and sends data to the master monitor. The at least one remote monitor is communicatively coupled to the master monitor. The least one remote monitor is coupled to a remote sensor, which senses a concentration of gas in a second area. The at least one remote monitor receives data about the concentration of the gas in the second area from the remote sensor, and sends the data to the master monitor. The master monitor receives the data and triggers a first alarm status when the concentration of gas in at least one of the first area and the second area exceeds a first predefined alarm threshold.

Abstract: Safety monitoring systems and methods include a mesh communications network and an EVC (Electronic Volume Corrector) installed in one or more gas distribution components and/or industrial metering components in a gas distribution station and/or an industrial metering station. A group of sensors can be configured, which includes, for example, a gas leak sensor, a pressure transducer, a temperature transducer, an intrusion sensor and/or other types of sensors. Such sensors can be located within the gas distribution station and/or industrial metering station. The sensors communicate wirelessly with the EVC and the gas distribution and/or industrial metering components through the mesh communications network.

Abstract: An uttered utterance text that is a high priority text to be reported to a user is uttered reliably. The air purifier (10) includes an utterance text extraction unit (11a) that extracts an utterance text associated with an apparatus state and an utterance control unit (11b) that causes the utterance text extracted by the utterance text extraction unit (11a) to be uttered in descending order of priorities assigned to categories including the utterance text according to one of the priorities that is assigned to one of the categories that includes the utterance text.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable mediums storing computer executable code for detecting and alerting of gases is provided. The method may include determining a parts per million of a specified gas. The method may also include comparing the determined parts per million to a pre-determined threshold. The method may include, when the parts per million meets or exceeds a threshold, generating a control signal. The method may also include transmitting the control signal to an alerting device to emit an alert to a user. The method may also include transmitting the control signal to a control device, wherein the control device performs a specified task.

Abstract: A sensor unit includes an air quality sensor configured to generate air quality data that includes a value for volatile organic compounds. The sensor unit is configured to determine a first health metric indicative of a condition within a space in which the sensor unit is located based on the value in a first mode of operation, to determine a second health metric indicative of a person's health based on the value in a second mode of operation, and to generate a notification indicating at least one of the first health metric or the second health metric.

Abstract: A method for securely controlling a smart home, and a terminal device are provided, to resolve a prior-art problem that an intelligent terminal device is counterfeited. The method includes: displaying, by an intelligent terminal device, at least one operation indication for a smart home device when the intelligent terminal device receives an operation instruction entered by a user to add the smart home device, where the operation indication is used to instruct the user to perform function control on the smart home device; and generating, by the intelligent terminal device when determining an operation indication selected by the user from the at least one operation indication, a first key based on the selected operation indication, where the first key is used by the intelligent terminal device to encrypt information to be sent to the smart home device.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to gas detector connectivity devices, for example a dongle, to allow for continuous communication of real-time data between a gas detector and a central station. Dongle embodiments typically comprise an IR transceiver, a processor, a wireless interface device, a power source, and a means of attachment. Such dongle embodiments, and their related methods of operation, may allow for retrofitting of legacy gas detectors to provide wireless capabilities.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to determine values for at least one fuel use characteristic variable which represents a first fuel use process in a first vehicle, are provided. In addition, values are determined for at least one parameter which represents at least one peripheral condition of the fuel use in the first vehicle during the first fuel supply process. A mathematical relationship is determined between one or more supplied values of the at least one fuel use characteristic variable and the corresponding values of the at least one parameter. A profile data record including a data record and/or learning data is supplied on the basis of at least one determined mathematical relationship. At least one further fuel parameter of a fuel which is used by the first vehicle and/or by a second vehicle during a second fuel use process is adapted as a function of the supplied profile data record.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a first electrode and a second electrode disposed over a substrate, and a sensitive film including a base film which couples the first electrode and the second electrode to each other and contains Cu and a halogen element and PEDOT/PSS which bonds to the base film.

Abstract: A generator includes an internal combustion engine and a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor unit. The CO sensor unit includes a CO sensor controller including a CO sensing circuit configured to detect a level of CO and a shutdown circuit. The shutdown circuit is configured to receive a detected level of CO and calculate a trailing window average of the detected level of CO. The trailing window average includes an average of the detected level of CO over a predetermined sampling window. The shutdown circuit is further configured to determine whether to initiate a shutdown of the generator based on at least the calculated trailing window average and a predetermined trailing window average threshold and initiate the shutdown of the generator based on determining that the trailing window average exceeds the predetermined trailing window average threshold.

Abstract: A method includes identifying components of a smart window system. The components include electrochromic devices, drivers, and one or more gateways. Each of the drivers is to control a corresponding electrochromic device and each of the drivers is to receive instructions from a server device via a corresponding gateway. The method further includes determining physical linking, network linking, and application linking of the smart window system. The method further includes displaying, via a graphical user interface (GUI), the components of the smart window system, the physical linking, the network linking, and the application linking. The method further includes determining a first component of the plurality of components is to be replaced by a new component, causing the new component to be configured based on configurations of the first component, and updating the GUI based on the new component that has been configured based on the configurations of the first component.

Abstract: The invention generally provides devices and methods for particle detection for minimizing human-caused contamination in manufacturing environments requiring low levels of microbes, such as cleanroom environments for electronics manufacturing and aseptic environments for manufacturing pharmaceutical and biological products, such as sterile medicinal products. Methods of the invention may incorporate wirelessly transmitting an alarm signal from a particle detector to a remote device, replicating a graphical user interface of the particle detector on an electronic display of the remote device, and passing one or more user instructions from the remote device to the particle detector via the replicate graphical interface of the remote device.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for monitoring gas concentration and a method of the same are provided. The sensor assembly includes a start-up sensor and a long-run sensor. The start-up sensor is characterized by a first power-on period and the long-run sensor is characterized by a second power-on period that is longer than the first power-on period. The sensor assembly also includes a controller in communication with the start-up sensor and the long-run sensor. The controller is configured to cause the start-up sensor and the long-run sensor to power on. The controller is further configured to power off the start-up sensor and monitor the gas concentration via the long-run sensor upon the expiration of the second power-on period. A corresponding method of monitoring gas concentration is also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to systems and methods for updating the location information for a gas detector device. A gas detector device may comprise a wireless receiver operable to receive information from one or more wireless beacons. In some cases, the wireless beacons may comprise location information. When the gas detector device receives a wireless beacon, the location information stored on the gas detector device may be updated accordingly. In some cases, the subsequent readings of the gas detector device may be associated with the updated location information. In some cases, the wireless beacons may be located at critical areas within a facility, such as entrances or exits to locations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to determine the composition of one or more gases. In the context of a method, a sensory assembly and at least one processor, the sensor assembly comprising a first gas sensor and a second gas sensor, includes causing the first sensor to be powered to detect a presence of one or more gas while the second sensor is unpowered. The method further includes detecting the presence of one or more gases while the second sensor is unpowered. In response to detecting the presence of the one or more gases, the method includes causing the second sensor to be powered. The method still further includes capturing sensor data corresponding to at least one of the one or more gases. The method also includes identifying the at least one of the one or more gases based on an analysis of the sensor data.

Abstract: An automatic smoke/carbon monoxide evacuation system for a garage equipped with a garage door and garage door opener with a motor is provided. The system includes a microprocessor, and a smoke/carbon monoxide sensor incorporated in a garage door reverse sensor of the garage door opener and coupled to the microprocessor, and configured to detect presence of smoke/carbon monoxide and send a trigger signal to the microprocessor in response to detecting smoke/carbon monoxide. The system further includes a power switch coupled to the motor and configured to automatically connect the motor to a power source in response to the trigger signal to automatically open the garage door to ventilate the detected smoke/carbon monoxide in response to the trigger signal. An alarm device is communicably coupled to the microprocessor and is configured to issue an alarm in response to the trigger signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for controlling the display of a gas detector. A gas detector may comprise at least one gas sensor configured to detect at least one gas in the ambient environment; a display configured to display information received from the at least one gas sensor; an attachment configured to attach the gas detector to a user; an attachment sensor configured to detect when the gas detector has been attached to a user; and a processor configured to receive information from the attachment sensor, and configured to automatically control the orientation of at least a portion of the display based on the information received from the attachment sensor which indicates that the gas detector is worn by the user so as to improve the visibility of the display to the user.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for monitoring a gas source for a gas analyte. The gas source can be monitored for release of the gas analyte, for example, during a given gas source state. A sensor signal can be generated characterizing an amount of the gas analyte being released by the gas source. The gas sensor signal can be evaluated relative to a threshold. An alert signal can be generated based on a result of the comparison to provide a warning that unwanted and/or hazardous amounts of gas is being released by the gas source.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a light assembly includes a base substrate; a light-emitting device supported by the base substrate; a cover permeable to volatile compounds, completely surrounding the light-emitting device and being transparent to a light flux emitted, during use, by the light-emitting device; a gas sensor configured to sense the volatile compounds, the gas sensor being arranged within the cover. The light assembly includes a pump having an inlet operatively coupled to the cover, and operable to generate a pressure depression within the cover. The light assembly includes a light sensor operatively coupled to the light-emitting device, the light sensor being configured to sense a light intensity value of at least one light component of the light flux. The light assembly includes a processor operatively coupled to the gas sensor, the light sensor, and the pump; a non-volatile memory storing a program to be executed in the processor.

Abstract: In an example, an apparatus includes a biological analysis component and a control component. The biological analysis component is configured to obtain an expected biological sample value. The expected biological sample value indicates an expected concentration of a material biologically processed by a courier. The biological analysis component is further configured to determine whether a measured biological sample value is associated with the courier based on a comparison of the expected biological sample value to the measured biological sample value. The control component is configured to perform a first set of operations based on the result of the comparison indicating that the measured biological sample value is associated with the courier. The control component is configured to perform a second set of operations based on the result of the comparison indicating that the measured biological sample value is outside an acceptable range of the biological sample value.

Abstract: We describe apparatuses, systems, method, reagents, and kits for conducting assays as well as process for their preparation. They are particularly well suited for conducting automated sampling, sample preparation, and analysis in a multi-well plate assay format. For example, they may be used for automated analysis of particulates in air and/or liquid samples derived therefrom in environmental monitoring.

Abstract: A field device configured to measure a state amount of a fluid as a measured value, the field device includes a slug flow detector configured to detect an occurrence of a slug flow, and a controller configured to hold a hold value of the measured value if the occurrence of the slug flow is detected by the slug flow detector, the hold value being a value based on at least one measured value in a predetermined period from a predetermined time before a time at which the slug flow has been detected.

Abstract: An automatic smoke/carbon monoxide detection system and method are described that are configured to automatically shut off power supplied to an appliance/equipment, a room of a structure, a zone within a structure, or an entire structure upon detection of smoke/carbon monoxide/hazardous gases. A system and method are further described herein that are configured to connect to an on-board diagnostic port, where upon detection of smoke/carbon monoxide/hazardous gases exceeding a certain level, an alert is displayed/sounded so that the driver/passenger of the vehicle can act appropriately. Alternatively, a command may be issued to shut off the engine of the vehicle to immediately halt the production of deadly gases.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling latent anomalies in field devices are described herein. When an anomaly is detected, the system can earmark the presence of the detected anomaly with a flag or other notification, and announce the existence of the anomaly to a user. In some embodiments, a self-test may be distributed to devices in the field that may be potentially affected by the latent anomaly so that those devices can monitor for the presence of the anomaly and take appropriate action if detected.

Abstract: A fan to be used as a relay node comprises male and female connect ports, a transmission wire set connecting the male and female connect ports, a power acquisition unit, and a signal processing unit. The male connect port is connected to a control source for receiving a working power and a control signal. The female connect port is selectively connectable to the male connect port of another fan to allow the fan electrically connect with another fan. The power acquisition unit is connected in parallel with the transmission wire set for extracting the working power to supply to a driving unit. The signal processing unit is connected to the transmission wire set to obtain and output the control signal to the driving unit, and acts as a relay node to output the control signal to the female connect port, so that the other fan can be controlled.

Abstract: A fuel analyzer for a fuel dispensing environment is provided including an ultrasonic transmitter configured to transmit an ultrasonic signal through a volume of fuel, an ultrasonic receiver configured to receive the ultrasonic signal, and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to receive an indication of transmission of the ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic transmitter, receive an indication of receipt of the ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic receiver, determine a time of flight of the ultrasonic signal, and determine a fuel purity based on the time of flight of the ultrasonic signal.

Abstract: A differential pressure monitoring apparatus includes a case having a continuous sidewall including a first end closed a by first end cap, and a second end closed by a second end cap. A differential pressure monitoring unit mounted in the case includes a differential pressure sensor in communication with the external environment, a temperature and humidity sensor in communication with an internal atmosphere inside the case, a data processor operatively connected to the sensors, data storage, an information display viewable through the case, a non-gas permeable membrane tube in connection with the differential pressure sensor and an internal environment and a harsh and/or corrosive gas filter in connection to the differential pressure sensor.