Abstract: The disclosure relates to technology for testing parameters of an antenna under test. The technology includes an antenna test bed, reference antenna and turntable for supporting the device and antenna under test. The turntable may be used to test the response of the antenna under test at different azimuth angles. Additionally, the reference antenna and turntable are integrated into a single test bed platform to ensure consistency and repeatability of test results.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for determining failure of a vehicle radar apparatus. In the vehicle radar apparatus, it is possible to set the normal range of the failure determination signal characteristic for each temperature by measuring the signal characteristic value at 2 or more temperature values for each transmission channel or each reception channel the normal operation state, and to determine the failure of the radar apparatus based on whether the representative value of the measured signal characteristic measured at the time of determination is within the normal range of the failure determination signal characteristic.

Abstract: An object detection apparatus includes a sensor module including a sensor, and a controller that controls the sensor and generates output information, based on a signal that the sensor outputs; and a detector that determines presence or absence of the object, based on the output information. The detector executes a reference object detection process of detecting a reference object existing at a predetermined position within the detection range, by comparing the output information and predetermined reference information, and, when the reference object is detected, executes a correction process of correcting at least one of the output information or a parameter for the sensor, based on the reference information and reference object information that is information indicative of the reference object in the output information.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for generating a trigger signal from a radar signal received over the air from a radar under test. The method includes detecting power of the radar signal received from the radar under test at a radio frequency (RF) power detector, the radar signal including multiple bursts of RF energy in a burst pattern; identifying repeating radar frames from the burst pattern using the detected power of the radar signal, each radar frame having at least one burst; and creating trigger signals corresponding to the radar frames, respectively, by synchronizing to the at least one burst in each radar frame.

Abstract: A MIMO target emulation system for testing a mmWave radar sensor having multiple radar transmitters and receivers includes a coupling probe antenna array for receiving radar signals from the radar transmitters and for sending emulated target echo signals to the radar receivers; emulator receivers for down converting and digitizing the radar signals; a processing unit that decouples the digital radar signals, retrieves target parameters corresponding to emulated targets, generates emulated target echo signals corresponding to the targets in response to the decoupled digitized radar signals using the target parameters, and pre-decoupling the emulated target echo signals; and emulator transmitters for performing digital to analog conversion of the emulated target echo signals and up converting frequencies of the analog emulated target echo signals.

Abstract: Technologies directed to calibrating phased array antennas are described. A processing device of a communication device causes a first radio to send a first signal via a first antenna element. The first signal has a set of tones. Each tone of the set of tones has a frequency within a fixed frequency range. The processing device causes a second radio to receive a second signal via a second antenna element. The second signal is a response to the first signal. The processing device determines that there is a difference between the second signal and a reference signal. The processing device adjusts at least one of a phase parameter value, a gain parameter value, or a time-delay parameter value of a radio frequency component based on the difference.

Abstract: A vehicle radar system (3) including at least one transceiver arrangement (7) arranged to generate, transmit and receive reflected radar signals (4, 5) where the transmitted radar signals (4) have been reflected by an object (6 and 8). The radar system (3) is arranged to provide azimuth angle (?) and radial velocity (vr) for a plurality of measurement points (9) at such objects (6 and 8). The radar system (3) is arranged to calculate a difference between a minimum radial velocity (Vmin?, Vmin?) and a maximum radial velocity (Vmax?, Vmax?) for the measurement points (9) for a plurality of azimuth angle intervals, and to select those azimuth angle intervals (??A, ??B) where the difference exceeds a certain threshold.

Abstract: The optical axis adjustment system 3 adjusts an optical axis O of a radar device R in a vehicle V in which the radar device R that detects an external environment is attached to a vehicle body B, and includes an adjustment target T that is movable in an inspection chamber Rb in which the vehicle body B is disposed, a radar attachment position and direction calculation unit that calculates an attachment position of the radar device R and a direction of the optical axis, a normal posture calculation unit that calculates a normal posture of the adjustment target T on the basis of a calculation result of the radar attachment position and direction calculation unit, and a target movement unit that sets a posture of the adjustment target T to a normal posture.

Abstract: A vehicle radar inspection system and method are provided for inspecting a mounting state of a radar sensor mounted to a vehicle. The vehicle radar inspection system includes a centering portion that aligns a position of the vehicle by driving rollers, displacement sensors that are respectively disposed at front and rear sides of the centering portion, an array antenna that measures propagation intensity of a radar signal transmitted from the radar sensor, and a server that connects wireless communication with a wireless terminal of the vehicle, calculates a mounting position of the radar sensor, and detects a mounting error of the radar sensor with reference to a normal reference mounting specification.

Abstract: A smart city management system may enable creating a digital twin of the smart city based on mapping lidar data for the smart city and radio frequency data for the smart city; determining placement of a set of network devices in the smart city based on the created digital twin; and providing a visualization of the determined placement of the set of network devices.

Abstract: In one implementation, an antenna array has a plurality of antenna element, each of which is configured to apply a phase shift to a signal. A beam steering controller is configured to steer a main beam of the antenna by controlling the phase shifts applied by the antenna elements. In addition, the beam steering controller also is configured to detect a failure of an antenna element and, in response to detecting the failure, disable the failed antenna element and modify the phase shifts applied by remaining ones of the antenna elements.

Abstract: A measuring method for locating an imperfection in an electrically conductive material comprises applying an electric input signal with an electric signal generator to the electrically conductive material such that the electrically conductive material acts as an antenna and thereby transmits an electromagnetic output signal having a frequency spectrum comprising a contributing frequency corresponding to the imperfection within the electrically conductive material; receiving the electromagnetic output signal with an antenna detection system, wherein the antenna detection system probes the frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic output signal as a function of at least one of position and direction; and locating the imperfection within the electrically conductive material by analyzing with an analysis device a spatial origin of the contributing frequency within the frequency spectrum of the received electromagnetic output signal.

Abstract: The vehicle inspection device is used to adjust an optical axis of a radar device R in a vehicle in which the radar device R that acquires external environment information is attached to a vehicle body. The vehicle inspection device includes: a target robot T including a corner reflector 75 that reflects an electromagnetic wave emitted from the radar device R, and an electromagnetic wave characteristic measurement device 76 that measures characteristics of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radar device R; and a control device 6 that controls the target robot T. The control device 6 calculates an attachment position of the radar device R and a direction of an optical axis on the basis of electromagnetic wave characteristics measured by the electromagnetic wave characteristic measurement device 76, and moves the target robot T to an inspection position that is determined on the basis of the calculation result.

Abstract: A method of calibrating an array antenna in a wireless communication system includes a first step of transmitting a radio signal through a first antenna and a second antenna determined among a plurality of antennas included in the array antenna, a second step of measuring the radio signal through a specific coupling antenna of a plurality of coupling antennas adjacent to the plurality of antennas, a third step of estimating an error of the second antenna based on a result of the measurement of the radio signal, and a fourth step of calibrating the second antenna based on the error.

Abstract: An antenna alignment tool may include a housing to be temporarily mounted to an antenna during alignment. The antenna alignment tool may also include a processor carried by the housing and configured to determine actual position data, actual azimuth data, and actual tilt data for the antenna. The processor may also be configured to generate an earth browser file for displaying on an earth browser a representative antenna pointing directional indicator based upon the actual position data, actual azimuth data, and actual tilt data for the antenna.

Abstract: A radar device includes: reception array antennas each including virtual antennas constructed from plural transmission antennas and plural reception antennas; and a transmission control unit which controls transmission waves transmitted from the transmission antennas, the plural transmission antennas include: a first transmission antenna group having at least two of the transmission antennas that are spaced from each other by a prescribed first interval; and a second transmission antenna group having at least one of the transmission antenna that is spaced, by a prescribed second interval, from a synthesized antenna that is the first transmission antenna group as regarded as a single antenna; and the transmission control unit is capable of switching between: a first mode and a second mode as defined herein.

Abstract: Systems, device and methods are provided for calibrating an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas such as a plurality of transmit and receive antennas by utilizing an arena comprising one or more targets and a medium.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for calibrating digital pre-distortion (DPD) of an electronic device. A respective signal is received, by each of a first plurality of receiving antennas, from each of a second plurality of transmitting antennas. A DPD function is determined for each of the second plurality of transmitting antennas based on the received signals. A combined DPD function of the second plurality of transmitting antennas is determined based on the DPD functions and phase shifter settings associated with the second plurality of transmitting antennas.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for adaptive near-field data acquisition during a sampling process; it includes measuring at least one of an amplitude and phase of a field using one or more probes, wherein the measuring is performed at a plurality of points; selecting, for each point of the plurality of points, a set of neighboring points; calculating a field variation to determine the presence of a strongly varying near-field pattern; for each location corresponding to each point of the plurality of points where a varying near-field pattern is determined after the calculating of the field variation, inserting one or more new points; and for each of said one or more new points, calculating a field variation to obtain a higher near-field resolution for said each location where a near-field variation is determined.

Abstract: A method for localization and monitoring of living being targets in an environment comprise: transmitting (302) a sequence of radio frequency waveforms, the waveforms being a continuous-wave waveform modulated in frequency and/or phase; detecting (304) a sequence of reflected waveforms being reflected by a target and Doppler-shifted due to a movement of the target, forming (306) a sequence of waveform transforms, wherein the waveform transform comprises discretized information in a plurality of range bins, and wherein the information in a single range bin corresponds to reflections occurring at a specific sector in the environment; analyzing (308) information for a single specific sector in a sub-sequence of the sequence of waveform transforms, and determining (310) movement of a target in the specific sector based on the waveform transform information for that specific sector during a time period corresponding to the sub-sequence.

Abstract: A method for determining a rate of repetitive bodily motion of an individual with negligible contact with the individual begins by one or more computing devices transmitting a signal for reflection off of the individual and receiving a reflected signal. The method continues with one or more computing device applying a frequency estimation algorithm to the baseband signal to produce an estimated spectral density, where the estimated spectral density is in frequency domain and includes at least one frequency component corresponding to the repetitive bodily motion. The method further includes applying a repetitive bodily motion pattern search function to the estimated spectral density to estimate the rate of the repetitive bodily motion of the individual based on the at least one frequency component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing feedback for cancellation of signal impairment in a plurality of separate transmit paths of a transmitter are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes receiving a plurality of outbound signals transmitted to the antenna array, the received outbound signals having traversed separate transmit paths of the transmitter. The method also includes converting the plurality of received outbound signals to a corresponding plurality of parallel baseband signals. The corresponding plurality of parallel baseband signals are serialized into a serial feedback signal.

Abstract: A wideband RADAR system and method is provided for biometric identification and authentication of a human subject. The system includes a source of wideband RADAR signals, an amplifier, and a splitter in electrical communication with the source of wideband RADAR signals and configures to split a generated signal into a transmit signal and a reference transmit signal. A transmitting antenna is configured to transmit the transmit signal from the splitter toward a turntable configured to rotate the human subject. A receiving antenna is configured to receive transmitted signals reflected from the human subject. A controller is configured to process the received reflected signals and generate polar representations of biometric radar signature features to compare against known signatures of human subjects.

Abstract: A calibration system for calibrating an antenna array comprising antenna elements comprises a measuring unit, and a calibration antenna connected to the measuring unit. The measuring unit sequentially excites each antenna element of the antenna array with an input signal and receives the corresponding output signal through the calibration antenna. Furthermore, the measuring unit measures a transfer function of each antenna element of the antenna array.

Abstract: A radar and communication (RadCom) system and a method for vehicles using a fast chirp signal are provided. A radar system includes a phase locked loop (PLL) configured to generate a radar signal, a signal generator configured to generate a communication signal and a mixer configured to mix the radar signal and the communication signal. The system also includes a transmitter configured to transmit an output signal from the mixer, a first switch configured to switch not to transmit the communication signal to the mixer in a radar mode, and a second switch configured to switch to connect a first filter to the PLL when the radar mode ends. Accordingly, RadCom transmission and reception using the fast chirp signal is possible.

Abstract: A first data group, which indicates reflection wave intensities from reflection points for radar directions indicating directions in which the corresponding reflection points exist relative to a radar apparatus and distances from the radar apparatus to the reflection points, and a second data group, which indicates Doppler velocities of the reflection points for the radar directions and the distances from the radar apparatus to the reflection points, are used to generate a third data group, which indicates the reflection wave intensities of the reflection points. A radar moving direction relative to a moving direction of the vehicle for each frame is generated based on the third data group. The radar moving direction when the moving direction of the vehicle is straight ahead is estimated using the radar moving direction in a predetermined number of frames, and the radar installation angle is calculated using the estimated radar moving direction.

Abstract: A communication system, which is applied to a space, includes a first transceiver and a communication device. The first transceiver is fixedly disposed in the space. The communication device is movable in the space. The communication device includes a base, a second transceiver, a detection circuit, an arm and a processor. The second transceiver is oriented to an orientation and configured to build a signal transmission with the first transceiver. The detection circuit is configured to detect a displacement or rotation of the communication device with respect to the first transceiver, in order to generate detection information. One end of the arm is connected to the base, and another end of the arm is connected to the second transceiver. The processor is configured to control an operation of the arm according to the detection information, in order to maintain the orientation of second transceiver directing to the first transceiver.

Abstract: Holographic beamforming antennas may be utilized for adaptive routing within communications networks, such as wireless backhaul networks. Holographic beamforming antennas may be further utilized for discovering and/or addressing nodes in a communication network with steerable, high-directivity beams. Holographic beamforming antennas may be further utilized for extending the range of communications nodes and providing bandwidth assistance to adjacent nodes via dynamic adjacent cell assist. In some approaches, MIMO is used in concert with holographic beamforming for additional channel capacity.

Abstract: An artificial magnet conductor includes a dielectric medium, basic cells, each being formed on a side of a front surface of the dielectric medium, and including a conductive patch pattern and a conductive loop pattern formed with a predetermined gap with the conductive patch pattern, a frequency selective surface on which the basic cells are periodically arranged on the front surface of the dielectric medium, and a conductive layer formed on a side of a rear surface of the dielectric medium. A phase change from an incident wave to a reflected wave with respect to the dielectric medium is set as an addition value in which a first phase change in the gap is added to a second phase change between the basic cell of the dielectric medium and the conductive layer. A thickness of the dielectric medium is calculated using the addition value.

Abstract: Holographic beamforming antennas may be utilized for adaptive routing within communications networks, such as wireless backhaul networks. Holographic beamforming antennas may be further utilized for discovering and/or addressing nodes in a communication network with steerable, high-directivity beams. Holographic beamforming antennas may be further utilized for extending the range of communications nodes and providing bandwidth assistance to adjacent nodes via dynamic adjacent cell assist. In some approaches, MIMO is used in concert with holographic beamforming for additional channel capacity.

Abstract: A marker used to detect an axial deviation of a radio wave axis Ar of a radar unit is provided in front of the radar unit and outside a radar field of view range set based on a field of view angle ? of the radar unit on a vehicle. A relative position between the radar unit and the marker is different between before and after an axial deviation of the radio wave axis Ar of the radar unit occurs. Thus, an axial deviation (an amount ?? of axial deviation in an azimuth direction and an amount ?? of axial deviation in an elevation angle direction) of the radio wave axis Ar of the radar unit can be detected by obtaining a difference in marker detection position before and after the axial deviation by the radar unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a distance between a first radar system disposed on a vehicle and a second radar system disposed on the vehicle. A target reflector is moved along a track to a location along a perpendicular bisector of a baseline connecting the first radar system and the second radar system. A direct range measurement is obtained for at least one of the first radar system and the second radar system, and a bistatic range measurement is obtained between the first radar system and the second radar system. A processor determines the distance between the first radar system and the second radar system using the direct range measurement, the bistatic range measurement and a radial length of the target reflector.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for aligning, calibrating, or inspecting an onboard vehicle sensor having an external field of view by providing a calibration component on a support structure for positioning at a short calibration distance of said sensor. The calibration component is configured to appear to the sensor as if it was positioned at a predetermined linear calibration distance from the vehicle which is greater than the actual short calibration distance.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus 100 comprises a measurement unit 10 to propagate, using sensors 11 and 12 provided in a pipe 99, a measurement wave in a medium 98 flowing through the pipe and receive the measurement wave, a trigger detecting section 21 to detect whether or not a level of the received measurement wave exceeds a predetermined trigger level, and a specifying section 22 to specify a reception timing of the measurement wave based on a waveform part in a period of the received measurement wave different from a period in which the level of the received measurement wave exceeds the trigger level.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) wireless distribution system (WDS) and related methods for optimizing the M-MIMO WDS. In one aspect, the M-MIMO WDS includes a plurality of remote units each deployed at a location and includes one or more antennas to serve a remote coverage area. At least one remote unit can have a different number of the antennas from at least one other remote unit in the M-MIMO WDS. In another aspect, a selected system configuration including the location and number of the antennas associated with each of the remote units can be determined using an iterative algorithm that maximizes a selected system performance indicator of the M-MIMO WDS. As such, it may be possible to optimize the selected system performance indicator at reduced complexity and costs, thus helping to enhance user experiences in the M-MIMO WDS.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for determining a location to position an RF signal repeater within a structure, based on the position having the highest probability of being the location of the highest probable RF signal strength.

Abstract: A system and method is described for automated system health status determination, performance calibration, and configuration of a plurality of wireless identification (wireless ID) transceivers (or receivers) to prevent cross-receptions of wireless ID tags in adjacent wireless signal reception areas. Test wireless ID tags are positioned within the wireless signal reception area associated with each of the wireless ID antennas. The configuration parameters for each wireless ID transceiver are adjusted until only data from test wireless ID tags within the wireless signal reception area of the wireless ID antennas associated with that wireless ID transceiver are received by that wireless ID transceiver. Each wireless ID transceiver is configured with the configuration parameters that result in only data from the test wireless ID tags within the wireless signal reception area of the wireless ID antennas associated with that test wireless ID transceiver being received by that wireless ID transceiver.

Abstract: A system using multiple communication technologies for concurrent communication is disclosed. The system includes a loopback receiver, a receiver, and a noise remover component. The loopback receiver is configured to obtain a coupled signal and generate a noise signal from the coupled signal. The noise signal includes direct transmission noise. The receiver is configured to receive a chain receive signal and to provide a receive signal therefrom. The noise remover component is configured to generate a wanted receive signal from the noise signal and the receive signal.

Abstract: A radar apparatus is attached to a vehicle such that a direction at 90 degrees relative to a front-rear direction of the vehicle is included in a detection range, and transmits and receives radar waves. The radar apparatus detects an observation point relative speed that is a relative speed in relation to an observation point that has reflected the radar wave within the detection range and an observation point azimuth that is an azimuth at which the observation point is present. The radar apparatus determines that a moving object is detected when an expression expressed by V<Vs·sin ((?-?) is satisfied, where ? is an attachment angle that is an angle at which a center axis of a reception antenna receiving the radar wave is angled in relation to a width direction of the vehicle, V is the observation point relative speed, ? is the observation point azimuth, and Vs is a traveling speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: Signals are received from antenna elements in an antenna array, and respective phase shifts are applied to the received signals. The respective phase shifts are relative to a channel phase shift associated with each antenna element, and correspond to side angles from a current antenna beam direction of the antenna array. Control signals based on the phase shifted signals are generated to control the channel phase shifts, to provide beamforming tracking.

Abstract: A method for determining a rate of repetitive bodily motion of an individual with negligible contact with the individual begins by one or more computing devices transmitting a signal for reflection off of the individual, receiving a reflected signal, and down-converting the reflected signal to a baseband signal. The method continues with one or more computing device applying a frequency estimation algorithm to the baseband signal to produce an estimated spectral density, and applying a repetitive bodily motion pattern search function to the estimated spectral density to estimate the rate of the repetitive bodily motion of the individual.

Abstract: Methods for monitoring of performance parameters of one or more receive channels and/or one or more transmit channels of a radar system-on-a-chip (SOC) are provided. The radar SOC may include a loopback path coupling at least one transmit channel to at least one receive channel to provide a test signal from the at least one transmit channel to the at least one receive channel when the radar SOC is operated in test mode. In some embodiments, the loopback path includes a combiner coupled to each of one or more transmit channels, a splitter coupled to each of one or more receive channels, and a single wire coupling an output of the combiner to an input of the splitter.

Abstract: Radar testing systems with radar system rotational systems and methods for using the radar testing systems are disclosed. A radar testing system includes a radar system to be tested, a computer, and a radar simulator. A radar sensor rotation system mechanically coupled to a radar sensor of the radar system is communicatively coupled to the computer and configured to rotate the radar sensor to predefined and desired angles for predetermined amounts of time during testing of the radar system.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting simultaneous multiple beams to targets at near and far fields includes: a communication unit consisting of a plurality of unit cells, and configured to communicate a signal or power via antennas provided in each of the unit cells; and a control unit configured to calculate a phase of a voltage applied to the antennas so as to simultaneously transmit the power or signal to the targets at the near and far fields.

Abstract: To simplify the process of adjusting travel sensor alignments on process control valves, a method and system generates a graphical interface to display alignment information to a user or operator. The graphical interface visualizes the state of alignment between a feedback element and a sensing element that comprise a magnetic travel sensor on a process control valve. Using the graphical interface, the user or operator can easily determine whether the alignment between the feedback element and the sensing element is proper or correct. The graphical interface also provides information on whether or not physical adjustments are needed in order to fix detected alignment problems so that impending failures can be avoided and optimal performances can be achieved. In this manner, the method and system improves the reliability and accuracy of valve travel feedback.

Abstract: A method for antenna calibration is disclosed, the method including driving calibration signals for antenna array beam calibration to an antenna array feeder line in a transceiver front end unit by using one or more directional couplers and/or radio frequency probes, wherein calibration signal paths are integrated inside the transceiver front end unit. Measurements are carried out on the calibration signals, between different antenna combinations inside the antenna array. Based on collected measurement data, calibration information is calculated for each measurement branch of the antenna array by using a mathematical formula. Active antenna array beam calibration is then performed based on the calculated calibration information.

Abstract: Methods and devices for coding and communicating geographical position. The sending device quantizes the geographical coordinate system and sends its position as the delta or remainder after quantization. The receiving device determines its own quantized position and disambiguates between possible quantized coordinate positions of the sending device to identify the sending device's actual quantized coordinate position. From this, the receiving device determines the position of the sending device using the identified actual quantized coordinate position and the delta position data sent by the sending device. The receiving device may then trigger an action based on the determined position of the sending device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) wireless distribution system (WDS) and related methods for optimizing the M-MIMO WDS. In one aspect, the M-MIMO WDS includes a plurality of remote units each deployed at a location and includes one or more antennas to serve a remote coverage area. At least one remote unit can have a different number of the antennas from at least one other remote unit in the M-MIMO WDS. In another aspect, a selected system configuration including the location and number of the antennas associated with each of the remote units can be determined using an iterative algorithm that maximizes a selected system performance indicator of the M-MIMO WDS. As such, it may be possible to optimize the selected system performance indicator at reduced complexity and costs, thus helping to enhance user experiences in the M-MIMO WDS.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention relate to a transmitter method for multiple antenna systems. The transmitter method contains the step of operating at least one antenna array in a first operation mode by transmitting first transmit signals (TS1-1, TS1-a, TS1-A) from a first number of antenna elements (AEG1) with a first transmit power and the step of operating the at least one antenna array in at least one second operation mode by transmitting at least second transmit signals (TS2-1, TS2-b, TS2-B, TS3-1, TS3-C, TS3-C) from at least one second number of antenna elements (AEG2, AEG3) smaller than the first number of antenna elements with at least one second transmit power larger than the first transmit power. The embodiments of the invention further relate to a transmitter apparatus for multiple antenna systems.

Abstract: A method including identifying clusters of antenna elements of a phased array antenna. For each cluster of antenna elements, the method includes identifying a reference antenna element of the cluster of antenna elements and identifying pairs of calibration antenna elements of the cluster of antenna elements. For each pair of calibration antenna elements, the method includes executing a calibration routine configured to determine a calibration adjustment for each antenna element of the pair of calibration antenna elements based on the reference antenna element. The method also includes determining a leveling adjustment for each antenna element of the phased array antenna. The method further includes adjusting the element gain and the element phase of each antenna element of the phased array antenna based on the corresponding leveling adjustment to equalize a transmission gain and a transmission phase of each signal path of the phased array antenna.