Abstract: A dual channel microwave sensor employs single sideband Doppler techniques in innumerable vibration, motion, and displacement applications. When combined with an active reflector, the sensor provides accurate range and material thickness measurements even in cluttered environments. The active reflector can also be used to transmit multi-channel data to the sensor. The sensor is a homodyne pulse Doppler radar with phasing-type Doppler sideband demodulation having a 4-decade baseband frequency range. Ranging is accomplished by comparing the phase of the Doppler sidebands when phase modulated by an active reflector. The active reflector employs a switch or modulator connected to an antenna or other reflector. In one mode, the active reflector is quadrature modulated to provide SSB reflections.

Abstract: An electronic identification system 100 comprises an interrogator 10 and a plurality of transponders 12, 14 and 16. The interrogator comprises a transmitter 11 for transmitting an interrogation signal to the transponders; a receiver 13 for receiving response signals from the transponders; and a controller 19 for processing response signals received, to identify the transponders by their respective response signals. Each transponder comprises a signature generator 35, 32 for generating a unique signature characteristic of the transponder and intermittently transmits, in responses to the interrogation signal, a response signal including the signature. The interrogator further comprises an acknowledgement signal generator 21 for generating upon reception of a response signal from one of the transponders, an acknowledgement signal to be transmitted by the transmitter 11. The acknowledgement signal comprises the signature, thereby to acknowledge reception of the response signal.

Abstract: An adhesive packaging tape in roll form is characterized by a plurality of encapsulated RFID transponders that are spaced from one another along the length of the tape. The tape may be of the fiber-reinforced type or may not be of the reinforced type.

Abstract: A ground-based, precision aircraft landing system provides CAT I precision approach and landing guidance. The aircraft elevation position is determined by measuring differential carrier phase and time-of-arrival of the aircraft ATCRBS transponder reply. The transponder reply is received at a plurality of sensor antenna locations where it is then conveyed to a sensor, demodulated and digitized. The data is transmitted to a central processor where calibration and multipath corrections are applied. Aircraft transponder diversity antenna switching is isolated from the jitter and colored noise of transponder reply multipath by correlating differential phase jumps measured between separate sensor antennas. An estimate of the diversity antenna separation is maintained by Kalman filter processing; the estimated separation is used to correct the differential phase measurement data of aircraft elevation.

Abstract: SAW devices such as interdigital transducers (IDTs) have been widely used in RADAR applications and as filters. An IDT produces a SAW when excited by a single electrical pulse and can be fabricated to embody a code, which code provides for a passive autocorrelation of a SAW input to the IDT and thereby lends itself to further application as a signal generator in a communication device. However, conventional SAW expanders and compressors typically have insertion losses greater than 20 dB, which can have a profound effect on an RF link budget in a communication system. Insertion losses are drastically reduced by using a single phase unidirectional transducer (SPUDT-type) instead of a conventional IDT as a SAW expander/compressor. A SPUDT-type reflects SAW components which are lost in conventional IDT designs so that a stronger SAW is directed toward a transmission element. In a receiver, a SPUDT-type directs a stronger SAW toward a compressor IDT.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system suitable for a remote interrogation of passive transponders using chirp signals for interrogation. The transponder preferably has an encoding unit (11), a calibrating unit (12) and a measuring unit (13) each with a plurality of parallel channels (11.1 to 11.5, 12.1 and 13.1 to 13.2). The encoding unit and the calibrating unit are preferably jointly incorporated with a common delay line (14) on the same SAW chip. The interrogation signals received in the transponder via an antenna (10) are delayed characteristically and code-specifically, in particular in the encoding and calibrating unit. Decoding in the interrogation station is preformed by discrete Fourier transformation of the response signal and subsequent evaluation of the spectrum. To correct general disturbing influences on the delay of the response signal, said signal is calibrated using a single calibrating component in the response signal.

Abstract: A passive transponder comprises an antenna (1, 2) in the form of a metal body with two main surfaces and a diode (3) connected between the main surfaces and a dielectric (10) surrounding the antenna. A characteristic of the invention is that the impedance of the antenna is adapted to the impedance of the diode by matching unit (13, 14). A transmission line (8) is used as the matching unit. Another characteristic for the invention is that the transmission line is surrounded by a dielectric (10) made of plastic. Yet another characteristic of the invention is that the antenna is surrounded by a dielectric made of plastic which reduces the influence of the surroundings on the near field of the antenna.

Abstract: In a system of communicating between a master communication device and a plurality of slave communication devices, the master determines if any of the plurality of slave devices exist within a defined geographic area and, if so sends a bit-by-bit command for the slaves to identify themselves via a unique binary identification number. To avoid collision when the slaves respond, the slaves respond to the master's command within a predetermined period of a time window providing the ID bit by bit. Responses are acknowledged by the master such that only one slave is able to respond with its compute full ID after a bit-by-bit command from the master.

Abstract: A coding scheme is specified which, compared to the prior art and with the system having a structure resolution of the same magnitude, allows an enlarged code size for the same number of code elements, and/or by which fewer code elements are required per code for a predetermined code size. The code elements are disposed with basic values in a matrix defined in a novel manner, with the matrix having a finer subdivision of the basic values than the subdivision corresponding to the structure resolution. Further development with mean-value formations are possible.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of radio frequency tags operable to produce respective answer electromagnetic waves in response to a query electromagnetic wave; and a toy including a query circuit and an interaction circuit, the query circuit being operable to emit the query electromagnetic wave and receive one or more of the answer electromagnetic waves, and the interaction circuit being operable to select an output perceptible by a user based on which of the one or more answer electromagnetic waves are received.

Abstract: A communications system operating in one or more frequency bands of various number of channels per band (for a total of N channels), and a novel transceiver for receiving these multiple bands of signals. The transceiver comprises an antenna and RF front end for each said band, a separate RF to IF downconverter for each said band. The IF for each band is centered at a succession of frequencies Fo such that the spectra for each band are non-overlapping, with the center frequencies. Analog-to-digital converter sampling rate is chosen such that one band is centered at baseband, and one or more other bands are centered at a specific relationship with the sampling rate such that each band is individually downconverted to baseband by appropriate selection of tap weight multiplying sequences (such as alternating +/− sequence for the case of Fo equal to one-fourth the sampling rate). An analog-to-digital converter converts analog signals to digital signals from the combiner.

Abstract: An apparatus attachable to a vehicle, that may be in the configuration of a licence plate that can transmit the position of a vehicle to a telecommunications satellite or a telecommunications ground base station, and is particularly concerned with enabling authorities to police the vehicle with respect to its identity, location, theft and condition, as well as unlawful tampering of the apparatus.

Abstract: An enhanced backscatter RF-ID tag reader system and multiprotocol RF tag reader system is provided. In a multiprotocol mode, the system emits a non-stationary interrogation signal, and decodes a phase modulated backscatter signal by detecting a stronger phase component from quadrature phase representations or determining phase transition edges in a phase of a received signal. The RF tag reader system predicts or follows the phase of the backscatter signal, thereby avoiding interference from nulls in the received signal waveform due to the non-stationary interrogation signal, relative movement or environmental effects. An acoustic RF-ID tag detection system detects the reradiated signal corresponding to respective transformation of a signal in the tag. Detection of either type of RF-DD tags therefore is possible, and the absence of any tag or absence of any valid tag also determined.

Abstract: Interrogators, wireless communication systems, methods of operating an interrogator, methods of operating a wireless communication system and methods of determining range of a remote communication device are provided. According to a first aspect, an interrogator includes communication circuitry configured to output a plurality of wireless signals toward a radio frequency identification device and to receive a plurality of wireless signals from the radio frequency identification device; and a processor coupled with the communication circuitry and configured to determine a range of the radio frequency identification device relative to the interrogator responsive to the received wireless signals.

Abstract: For a transponder arrangement having a transponder arranged on an object, in order to achieve longer ranges than would be possible with a purely field-supplied response mode, the transponder is provided with a chargeable electrical energy store. An inductive supply of energy from a pump circuit situated on the object is used to hold the energy store in a charged state. The transponder arrangement can advantageously be interrogated not only in the active mode now made possible, but also in a passive mode which is known per se and is supplied with power purely by the interrogation field.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification system includes a transponder and a transponder reader. The transponder, responsive to an interrogation signal continuously transmitted by the transponder reader, generates a transponder signal modulated by an identification signal readable by the transponder reader. The identification signal includes a synchronization portion, a data portion, an output format identification portion, and an error detection portion. The output format identification portion is used by the reader to configure itself for communication with an attached controller. In another aspect of the invention, the transponder reader may be configured to read FSK as well as PSK encoded signals from the transponder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system suitable for a remote interrogation of passive transponders using chirp signals for interrogation. The transponder preferably has an encoding unit (11), a calibrating unit (12) and a measuring unit (13) each with a plurality of parallel channels (11.1 to 11.5, 12.1 and 13.1 to 13.2). The encoding unit and the calibrating unit are preferably jointly incorporated with a common delay line (14) on the same SAW chip. The interrogation signals received in the transponder via an antenna (10) are delayed characteristically and code-specifically, in particular in the encoding and calibrating unit. Decoding in the interrogation station is preformed by discrete Fourier transformation of the response signal and subsequent evaluation of the spectrum. To correct general disturbing influences on the delay of the response signal, said signal is calibrated using a single calibrating component in the response signal.

Abstract: A system for storing articles having different descriptions in an enclosure and providing the enclosure with an wireless interrogatable unit having stored indications of the descriptions of the stored articles. The system further contemplates interrogating the enclosure's wireless interrogatable unit to determine the enclosure content.

Abstract: Upon receiving a radar electric wave from a search radar, a radar transponder according to the present invention generates a trigger signal in response to the reception of the radar electric wave. In response to only the trigger signal, the radar transponder starts to generate sweep signals, and continues to generate sweep signals until a stop condition based on an external factor such as stop of power supply or the like is satisfied. Accordingly, the response electric wave can be received with a high probability in the search radar.

Abstract: The invention encompasses an electrical apparatus. Such apparatus comprises a first substrate having first circuitry thereon. The first circuitry has a terminal extending therefrom, and the terminal defines a first electrical node. The apparatus further comprises a first dielectric material covering a predominate portion of the first circuitry and not covering the first electrical node. Additionally, the apparatus comprises a second substrate having second circuitry thereon. The second circuitry has a terminal extending therefrom, and such terminal defines a second electrical node. A second dielectric material covers a predominate portion of the second circuitry, but does not cover the second electrical node. The second substrate comprises a different material than the first substrate. A portion of the second substrate is over a portion of the first substrate to define an overlap between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An acoustic wave identification transponder device, having a substrate, an electroacoustic transducer generating an acoustic wave in said substrate and a set of encoding elements disposed in a path of the acoustic wave for modifying the acoustic wave, having elements which reflect portions of the acoustic wave having a component orthogonal to the incident wave. The reflectors may be, for example, trackchangers or reflective arrays compressors (RAC). The wave may be phase-amplitude modulated for increased efficiency expressed in bits per tap. Such phase amplitude modulation is preferably imposed by partial beam width phase delay elements disposed within an acoustic beam path.

Abstract: Described herein is a circularly polarizing radar transponder. The circularly polarizing radar transponder comprises a helical type circularly polarizing antenna unit for receiving all of a circularly polarized wave, a vertically polarized wave and a horizontally polarized wave therein, a receiver unit connected to the helical type circularly polarizing antenna unit, a transmitter unit for generating a plurality of pulses with a radio wave received by the receiver unit as a trigger, and a battery unit for supplying power to these receiver and transmitter units.

Abstract: A wireless identification device including a housing; circuitry in the housing configured to provide a signal to identify the device in response to an interrogation signal; and a selectively actuated switch supported by the housing and permitting operation of the circuitry only while the switch is actuated. A method of manufacturing a wireless identification device, the method including configuring circuitry to provide, a signal to identify the device in response to an interrogation signal; coupling the circuitry to a selectively actuated switch, such that the circuitry provides the signal only while the switch is actuated; and encasing the circuitry in a housing such that the switch is actuable from outside the housing by touching a portion of the housing.

Abstract: A remotely testable Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag interrogation system is described. The system comprises a remotely activated test PIT tag fixed within the field of the system antenna By selectively activating the test PIT tag, and determining successful receipt of the test tag identification signal during such activation, remote confirmation of proper operation of the system is achieved. The system also contains components which permit the remote detection of the antenna field by analyzing signals present in the antenna during operation. Remote detection of the natural frequency to which the antenna is tuned is also achieved by analyzing signals present in the antenna during the collapse of the electromagnetic field in the antenna when the antenna drive signal is removed.

Abstract: An electromagnetic transponder is provided that includes an oscillating circuit, an electronic circuit, a rectifying circuit, and a capacitive modulation circuit. The oscillating circuit includes an inductive clement and the electronic circuit includes a transmission circuit for transmitting digitally-coded information. The rectifying circuit is coupled to the oscillating circuit to provide a DC supply voltage to the electronic circuit, and the capacitive modulation circuit is coupled to both end terminals of the inductive element and to the reference potential of the electronic circuit. In a preferred embodiment, the capacitive modulation circuit includes two capacitors, with capacitor being coupled between one end terminal of the inductive clement and the reference potential and the other capacitor being coupled between the other end terminal of the inductive element and the reference potential.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for monitoring a layer (8), which is subjected to wear, of a composite structure (2) and relates especially to a system for monitoring the cover layer (8) of a conveyor belt (2). The monitoring system includes a transmitter/receiver device (4) which continuously generates an electromagnetic field. A ferromagnetic layer (16) of high permeability is embedded in the cover layer (8) and shields a transponder (6), which is embedded in the conveyor belt (2), from the electromagnetic field as long as it is not damaged by wear. The transmitter/receiver device (4) recognizes the wear of the cover layer (8) in that it receives data from the transponder (6) because, in this case, the ferromagnetic layer (16) is damaged over a large area. The invention also relates to a method for monitoring a composite structure (2) having a layer (8) subjected to wear. The invention relates especially to a method for monitoring the cover layer (8) of a conveyor belt (2).

Abstract: A transmitter and method for transmitting transponder or TCAS signals uses linear amplification to save on circuit component weight, cost and size while enabling precise amplification and control of the transmitted signal.

Abstract: A method of communicating to a RF tag having a low power mode and a scan mode with a radar and an interrogator. The method comprises the steps of alternating the RF tag between the low power mode and the scan mode and then transmitting a wake-up call to the RF tag with the radar. Next, the wake-up call is received from the radar by the RF tag when the RF tag is in the scan mode. Once the wake-up call has been received, the radar will transmit a downlink message to the RF tag. Upon receipt of the downlink message, the RF tag will send an uplinked message to the radar. After the uplink message has been sent to the radar, the RF tag will return to the low power mode. By alternating the RF tag between the low power mode and the scan mode, the power consumption of the RF tag is greatly reduced thereby increasing the battery life thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a directional reply signals in response to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System and Mode Select signals interrogation signals. Two directional antennas independently acquire an interrogation signal and are connected by means of a configurable switch to a transponder. The antennas may include multiple directional antenna elements.

Abstract: A radio frequency tag accepts a received signal received by an antenna and demodulates that signal into a digital output using a comparator. The received signal is forwarded to a first comparator input. A threshold voltage generator generates a threshold voltage signal and forwards that signal to a second comparator input. The comparator compares the two inputs and generates a digital output based on the comparison.

Abstract: A transponder reading device and a control system for controlling the handling and/or processing of transponder-bearing objects by such transponder reading devices. The transponder reading device is equipped with its own microcontroller, and with its own control unit. The microcontroller is, as a component (node) of a control unit, able to communicate with other devices of the same design to exchange information. Consequently, several such devices can be operated simultaneously in a confined space without interfering with each other.

Abstract: A method of sending data from a base station to a passive RF tag and writing the data to a tag non-volatile memory which detects a “partial write”, where the tag voltage falls during the write process under the voltage sufficient to reliably write the tag non-volatile memory, is presented. The tag voltage is compared to a stable reference voltage during the time the tag memory is being written, and if the tag voltage falls below an acceptable level, a flag in the tag non-volatile memory is cleared.

Abstract: A system for tracking a plurality of recreational items for sliding on snow-covered surfaces of a hill. The system comprises, for each item in the plurality of recreational items, an associated integral ID storing device for storing an associated item ID, the associated item ID being electronically readable from the associated integral ID storing device. The system also comprises an interrogator for reading the associated item ID stored on the associated integral ID storing device for each item in the plurality of recreational items.

Abstract: A transponder for automatic identification and corresponding systems. The transponder may include patch antennas for reflecting transponder data as information sidebands of a microwave signal received from a reading unit, for example. The antennas may by parallel to, but oppositely directed from one another. Additionally the antennas may act against at least one intermediate earth plane, and are linearly polarized so that their polarization direction is rotated through 90° in relation thereto. In this arrangement, the transponder may be read from a short distance and from both sides of the antennas, and communication with the transponder may not be disturbed by the presence of a rearwardly-located reflection plane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for attaching a RF/ID transponder to an object is described. The transponder is integrated within an attaching device to protect the transponder from damage, hazardous environments and tampering. Further, by integrating the transponder within the attaching device, the device can be countersunk to further protect the transponder. Further still, manufacturing the device from a non-ferrous material prevents degradation of the transponder reading range.

Abstract: A transponder module includes a circuit board having top and bottom surfaces and an inverted-F receive antenna formed on the circuit board. The receive antenna includes a ground plane formed on one of the surfaces and an active element formed above the ground plane. The module also includes a RF engine having an input coupled to the receive antenna, an output and a power supply input. The module additionally includes a RF decoupling network having first and second ports. The first port is coupled to the output of the RF engine. The module further includes an inverted-F backscatter antenna coupled to the second port of the RF decoupling network. The backscatter antenna includes a second ground plane formed on one of the surfaces and a second active element formed above the second ground plane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bi-directional vehicle communication network which has the ability for record management and collection, including updating registration, insurance, inspection and/or maintenance records, as well as for collecting for the transaction fee or cost thereof. Additionally, the present vehicle communication network readily affords the ability of ticketing drivers for traffic violations. Importantly, vehicles are equipped with an electronic tag containing records associated therewith. In response to radio frequency signals from a portable interrogator, vehicular records may be selectively retrieved from the electronic tag. Updated records are then transmitted to the electronic tag for storage. Similarly, those updated records may be also transmitted to a centralized control center for archival purposes, as well as for effecting collection.

Abstract: A vehicle position determination system for determining the position of a moving vehicle having a transponder includes a first and second antennas operable to receive periodic radio frequency data signals from the transponder when the transponder is moving through a first or second predetermined coverage zone, respectively. The first and second coverage zones partially overlap and each have a width that is orthogonal to the travel path of the moving vehicle and a length that is parallel to the travel path of the moving vehicle. A processor counts the number of periodic data signals received by each of the antennas from the transponder during a time period and determines based on the count a probable location of the vehicle. The vehicle location information can be provided to an imaging system to discriminate between transponder and non-transponder equipped vehicles.

Abstract: For reading the data stored in a transponder by means of an interrogation device, the interrogation device at first receives the background noise for the purpose of detecting interference frequencies present in this background noise. On the basis of the interference frequencies acquired, coefficients for an adaptive filter are computed by means of which this filter may be tuned in such a way as to suppress the interference frequencies. The response signal from the transponder with the superimposed background noise is received by the interrogation device and routed through the adaptive filter which acts to suppress the interference frequencies. The signal available at the output of the filter can then be demodulated for the purpose of reading the data stored.

Abstract: An amplitude and phase demodulator circuit for signals with very low modulation index, including: amplifier circuitry adapted to amplify a modulated signal coming from a transmitter, the modulated signal being composed by a carrier and by a modulating component, circuitry adapted to cancel said carrier from said modulated signal; the circuitry adapted to cancel the carrier receiving in input the output signal of the amplifier circuitry and a sync signal coming from the transmitter, the output signal of the amplifier circuitry being delivered to receiver circuitry.

Abstract: A method of forming a radio frequency communication apparatus includes providing a substrate provided with an outermost surface. An RFID is adhered at least partially within the substrate, and the RFID includes an antenna and an integrated circuit. The RFID and substrate together form a radio frequency communication apparatus. A method of forming a radio frequency communication apparatus includes providing a substrate with a frontside surface. An opening is formed through the frontside surface and into the substrate. An RFID is inserted within the opening and adhered to the substrate within the opening. The RFID includes an antenna and an integrated circuit to form a radio frequency communication apparatus.

Abstract: An improved damping modulation circuit (140) for a transponder (14) receives energy transmitted from a transmitter/receiver antenna (16) to produce a unique recognition signal in the transponder. The improved damping modulation circuit (140) includes a high fieldstrength circuit (152, 160, 174) that protects full-duplex transponder (14) from over-voltage through the use of voltage limiters (132), while still providing power to transponder (14). Low fieldstrength circuit (152) activates only minimal circuitry to provide the highest possible amount of power to full-duplex transponder (14). Medium fieldstrength circuit (152, 160) increases the fieldstrength in full-duplex transponder (14) for establishing a sufficient amount of current flow for proper modulation using only a medium amount of transponder (14) circuit elements.

Abstract: A method of producing a transponder (20) comprising the following steps: demarcating the various turns (8) of a coil in a sheet (1), including a dielectric substrate covered by at least one conducting layer (2), by stamping said conducting layer with a stamping die (5) having sharp-edged surfaces (6) for contact with the superficial conducting layer (2; 2"'), connecting at least one electronic component (25) to the turns (8), and mounting at least one protective sheet (22; 27) covering the coil and the electronic component (25). To facilitate the stamping and to obtain clean incisions, the conducting layer is covered, before stamping, with a synthetic film. To prevent short circuits over the incisions, the incisions are preferably filled in with an adhesive, varnish or lacquer.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification device comprises an integrated circuit including a receiver, a transmitter, and a microprocessor. The receiver and transmitter together define an active transponder. The integrated circuit is preferably a monolithic single die integrated circuit including the receiver, the transmitter, and the microprocessor. Because the device includes an active transponder, instead of a transponder which relies on magnetic coupling for power, the device has a much greater range.

Abstract: A system for storing articles having different descriptions in an enclosure and providing the enclosure with an wireless interrogatable unit having stored indications of the descriptions of the stored articles. The system further contemplates interrogating the enclosure's wireless interrogatable unit to determine the enclosure content.

Abstract: An antenna circuit configured for use in a radio frequency data communications device has an antenna constructed and arranged to transfer electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves corresponding to a signal carried by the antenna and generated from a signal source. A Schottky diode is electrically coupled in serial relation with the antenna, and in operation the signal is applied serially across the antenna and the diode in direct relation with electromagnetic waves transferred by the antenna. A bias current supply is also electrically coupled to the Schottky diode and is configurable to deliver a desired bias current across the current. The diode is responsive to the bias current to realize a desired diode impedance such that a desired impedance match/mis-match is provided between impedance of the diode and impedance of the antenna when the signal is applied across the antenna circuit, which selectively tunes the antenna circuit by imparting a desired power transfer therein.

Abstract: A document or object includes resonant tags, such as thin dipoles, and a machine-readable symbol, such as an area symbol, secured thereto. A reader reads the symbol and determines response characteristics encoded therein for the dipoles. The reader then can interrogate the dipoles and, together with the response characteristics and determined orientation (derived from the symbol), accurately determine resonant response characteristics received from the dipoles. Alternatively, a printer may interrogate the document to determine the response characteristics of the dipoles in the document, and then print the corresponding symbol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a universal anti-theft device for securing articles against theft, which has at least one electromagnetic resonant oscillating circuit (2) that, in the interrogation field of an article monitoring system, is excited to transmit a characteristic signal which subsequently trips an alarm and at least one further electromagnetic resonant oscillating circuit which contains specific, encoded information about the article. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the universal anti-theft device for securing articles against theft.

Abstract: A golf distance indicator system provides measurement and display of the distance between a golfer and the pin on the green he is approaching. The system comprises a portable unit carried by the golfer and an target unit located on the pin. With the portable unit, the golfer selects the hole he is playing then activates the system. The portable unit sends a wireless coded message to an intended target unit. When a target unit receives a message, it analyzes the message to see if it should respond. If the target unit determines that it should respond, it sends a coded responding message to the portable unit. When the portable unit receives a responding message, it analyzes the responding message to see if the responding message originates from the intended target unit. If it does, the portable unit calculates a distance based on the elapsed time for the communications and the speed of the communications. The results are displayed on the portable unit.

Abstract: A single balanced to dual unbalanced transformer containing within it two quarter wave transformers and seven matching network impedances. The quarter wave transformers are of common ground reference, feed a balanced output, and are coupled to and fed by two unbalanced feeds. The single balanced to dual unbalanced transformer may also contain within it a variable impedance transmission line, a power amplifier, and a low noise amplifier. The single balanced to dual unbalanced transformer provides transmit/receive paths to a passive radiator load by utilizing dynamic impedances presented by the power amplifier, the low noise amplifier, a switch, or a variable impedance transmission line that makes the active radiator concept feasible and is a new concept For solid state phased array radars and communication systems that reduces losses, improves efficiency, and ultimately reduces cost.