Abstract: An apparatus based on composite right-handed or left-handed (CRLH) principles to provide a transmission line or antenna structure having a plurality of cells to which one or more feed ports are attached. The apparatus is based on an equivalent circuit Right-Hand (RH) series induction (LR) and shunt capacitor (CR), and Left-Hand (LH) series capacitor (CL) and induction (LL), in which effective permittivity (e) and permeability (m) of the structure are manipulated by the choice of CR, LR, CL, and LL. One embodiment describes mushroom antenna cells (1D or 2D array) in which vias extend up from a feed network on a ground plane through at least one dielectric region to each of a first plurality of conductive elements (plates or strips). Optionally, a second plurality of conductive elements are disposed between first and second dielectric layers to form metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors to lower resonance frequency.

Abstract: A spatially-fed high-power amplifier comprises one or more shaped reflectors to reflect an initial wavefront, and an active array amplifier to amplify the reflected wavefront to generate a high-power planar wavefront. The shaped reflectors provide the reflected wavefront with substantially uniform amplitude when incident on the active array amplifier. The initial wavefront may be a substantially spherical wavefront, and the shaped reflectors may compensate for any amplitude taper of the initial wavefront to provide the reflected wavefront with substantially uniform amplitude components for incident on the active array amplifier. In some embodiments, the shaped reflectors may also contour the illumination to fit the shape of the active array amplifier to help minimize spillover.

Abstract: A microstrip reflectarray antenna with a low cross polarization level is disclosed. The microstrip reflectarray antenna of the present invention comprises: a ground plate; a reflecting plate with an upper surface, and a plurality of microstrip antenna units locating on the upper surface; each of the microstrip antenna units consisting of an inner ring and an outer ring; a plurality of supporting units for supporting the reflecting plate above the ground plate; and a signal transmitting unit locating above the reflecting plate for transmitting and receiving the high frequency signal. Besides, the size of the outer ring corresponds to its location on the upper surface of the reflecting plate, and there is a predetermined ratio between the diameter of the outer ring and the diameter of the inner ring, and both of the outer ring and the inner ring respectively have at least one slot.

Abstract: A system for steering a beam includes a main reflector that receives a signal from a subreflector and reflects the signal in a reflection direction. A prism refracts the signal in a refraction direction. One or more motors adjust a relative orientation between the main reflector and the prism to change a relative orientation between the reflection direction and the refraction direction to steer a beam resulting from the signal.

Abstract: A directive antenna having plural antenna elements is arranged in a parasitic antenna array. Frequency selective components are connected to an active antenna element. Weighting structures are connected to passive antenna elements positioned substantially equidistant from the active antenna element. The active and passive antenna elements are connected by a space-fed power distribution system to produce independently steerable beams having spectrally separated signals.

Abstract: Embodiments of active array antennas are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, a reflect array antenna includes an array of rectangular monolithic sub-array modules arranged in a non-uniform pattern to leave a plurality of rectangular gaps in the pattern. A DC feed pin located within each gap may provide DC bias current to the sub-array modules. The sub-array modules may be mounted on a heat sink in the non-uniform pattern. The heat sink may have holes aligned with the gaps to allow passage of the DC feed pins. In some embodiments, an array cooling assembly may be coupled to the back of the heat sink to cool the reflect array antenna with a coolant.

Abstract: An integrated multi-beam antenna with a shared dielectric lens is disclosed. The antenna is formed by positioning the feed apertures of a plurality of waveguide feeds at positions located on the surface of the shared dielectric lens. The angular direction and shape of radiation beams produced by the waveguide feeds are determined by the physical and dielectric characteristics of the lens, the location of feed apertures of the waveguide feeds on the surface of the lens, and the frequency of electromagnetic energy propagating in the waveguide feeds. The principles of the invention are applied to realize an inexpensive, integrated multi-feed antenna adapted to provide desired angular areas of coverage for both a long range and short range radar in an automotive radar safety system.

Abstract: A broad-band millimeter wave imaging system with improved thermal resolution as compared to prior art devices. The system is useful for producing images of metal and non-metal objects such as guns, knives and explosives hidden under clothing. A cylindrical antenna focuses millimeter wave radiation from a substantially one dimensional section of a target region onto a linear array of radiation collectors. Radiation collected at each collector is amplified to produce a set of amplified millimeter wave signals and the amplified signals pass through focusing delay lines to a millimeter wave lens. Millimeter wave signals are collected at the output of the lens and the collected signals are monitored by an array of detectors. The combined effects of the delay lines and the lens produce a focus of the amplified millimeter wave radiation emitted and reflected from the one dimensional section of the target region.

Abstract: A wafer-scale heterogeneous layered active electronically scanned array (ESA) utilizes a low-loss integrated waveguide feed. The ESA is formed from wafer-scale subarray modules each of which comprises a multilayer stack to form transmit/receive (T/R) modules. Waveguide subarray combiners feed the T/R modules. A subarray combiner is a waveguide assembly bonded to a bottom layer in the multilayer stack. The bottom layer is a ground plane forming a top waveguide broadwall of the combiner. The waveguide subarray combiner may be formed from a variety of waveguide types and feeds the T/R modules using electric field probe coupling or an aperture slot coupling. A second layer feed structure forms the subarray modules into the ESA and feeds the waveguide subarray combiners. The second layer feed structure uses waveguides to feed the waveguide subarray combiners using E-field probes or aperture slot coupling on the bottom waveguide broadwall.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a transmit/receive module for a phased array radar includes a substrate, a ground plane formed outwardly from the substrate, and one or more dielectric layers formed outwardly from the ground plane. The one or more dielectric layers have RF and DC routing formed therein. The transmit/receive module further includes an electronic device coupled outwardly from the one or more dielectric layers, and a lid coupled to a portion of the one or more dielectric layers.

Abstract: A antenna made from a photonic band-gap (PBG) material, includes: a lateral wall (4) which is made from a PBG material and which completely surrounds a central axis (6), the wall being disposed at a distance from the central axis such as to form a central resonant cavity; and at least one radiating element (34) which is placed inside the cavity. Each radiating element is positioned inside the cavity in order to excite an electromagnetic field parallel to the central axis and the radiating element(s) can excite the modes of the central cavity having a radial resonance more strongly than the other modes of the cavity.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the multiple antennas are cooperated in the system to provide simultaneous communication with multiple remote sites. Embodiments comprises a first variable inclined continuous transverse stub (VICTS) antenna that comprises a perimeter and an inactive region within the perimeter, a second VICTS antenna positioned at the inactive region of the first antenna, a first antenna control that steers the first antenna, and a second antenna control that steers the second antenna independent of the first antenna. In some embodiment, an antenna system is provided that comprises a first turntable having a perimeter, a first antenna having a perimeter, where the first antenna is secured on a first surface of the first turntable, a second antenna positioned proximate the first antenna and extending within the perimeter of the first turntable, where the second antenna is steerable independent of the first antenna.

Abstract: Embodiments of High-Power Millimeter-Wave Oscillators are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, the oscillator includes a polarized partial reflector to at least partially reflect back signals to a reflection array amplifier to help induce oscillation by individual sub-array amplifier elements of the reflection array amplifier. In some other embodiments, the oscillator includes a phase-graded polarization-sensitive reflection plate to at least partially reflect back signals to the reflection array amplifier to help induce an oscillation by the sub-array amplifier elements. In some embodiments, the oscillator includes a reflector and a phase-graded polarized reflection-transmission plate to at least partially pass through signals to the reflector for reflection back to the reflection array amplifier to help induce an oscillation by the sub-array amplifier elements.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method and a system for enhancing the measuring accuracy in an antenna array (1), where the method comprises the steps of; a) receiving analog signals on all antenna elements (2) at a first time t1; producing first values for a first radiation diagram from the values in the signals from the first time (t1), and; finding the maximum point (8) for the first values, b)—reducing the signal from one interadjacent antenna element (2) at a second time (t2); receiving analog signals on all antenna elements (2) except from the one switched off or reduced antenna element, and; producing second values for a second radiation diagram from the values in the signals from the second time (t2); c) rejecting all values outside a first range (9) calculated from the first values, and; finding the maximum point (8) for the second values.

Abstract: A plurality of antenna clusters form an antenna array used in microwave imaging. Each antenna cluster has at least two antenna elements and an active device. The active device controls the two antenna elements to direct microwave radiation to and from an object to capture a microwave image of the object.

Abstract: A plurality of antenna end-fire antenna feed elements disposed along a contour on a dielectric substrate cooperate with a discrete lens array. An electromagnetic wave launched by an antenna feed element is received by a first set of patch antennas on a first side of the discrete lens array, and the associated received signals are propagated through associated delay elements to a corresponding second set of patch antennas on the opposite side of the discrete lens array from which the associated received signals are reradiated, wherein the corresponding delays of the associated delay elements are location dependent so as to emulate a dielectric electromagnetic lens and thereby provide for forming an associated beam of electromagnetic energy. A signal applied to a corporate feed port is switched to the antenna feed elements by a switching network, whereby different antenna feed elements generate different beams of electromagnetic energy in different directions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for designing a front directional array antenna for suppressing a back signal used in a wireless communication, comprising: (a) an analogous pattern element arranging step for arranging, on a reflecting panel which is a conductor at a predetermined interval, elements having mutual analogous emission pattern characteristic for a short axis (x axis) in which the number of arrangements is small and for a long axis (y axis) which is a perpendicular direction to the x axis; (b) a reception balancing step for forming, in the edge of the reflecting panel, reflecting surfaces having a predetermined angle and length which are symmetric centering on the front surface to direction of electric wave arrived to the elements located in the edge; (c) an x-axis direction signal suppressing step, by x-axis series distribution and synthesis, for performing as many series distribution and synthesis suppressing transfer characteristic in an x-axis direction as the number of y rows, for outp

Abstract: A periodic electromagnetic medium is disclosed that includes a surface that provides an interface with an ambient medium and a periodic structure that provides negative refraction within the medium of an incident electromagnetic field incident on the surface. In various embodiments the incident electromagnetic field is within a range of frequencies, the medium may include dielectric or metallic material, and has either a positive or negative effective index.

Abstract: A dual-band, space fed antenna array includes a feed array with a first set of feed radiators for operation in a first frequency band of operation and a second set of feed radiators for operation in a second frequency band of operation. A primary array lens assembly is spaced from and illuminated by the feed array. The primary array lens includes a first set of radiator elements and a second set of radiator elements operable in the first frequency band of operation. The primary array lens assembly also includes a third set of radiator elements and a fourth set of radiator elements operable in the second frequency band of operation.

Abstract: An antenna device using an approximate Luneberg lens, wherein high gain and low side-lobe are made compatible. A lens antenna device comprising, combine with each other, a radio wave lens (1) formed of a dielectric satisfying the condition, 0<a?r, where the distance from the front surface of a lens (4) to the focal point of the lens is a, and the radius of the lens r, and a primary radiator (2) having a 10-dB beam width ? wherein A, determined by the expression, A=?/2×(1+2a/r), is at least 40 and up to 80, more preferably at least 50 and up to 70.

Abstract: A dual-band, space fed antenna array includes a feed array with a first set of feed radiators for operation in a first frequency band of operation and a second set of feed radiators for operation in a second frequency band of operation. A primary array lens assembly is spaced from and illuminated by the feed array. The primary array lens includes a first set of radiator elements and a second set of radiator elements operable in the first frequency band of operation. The primary array lens assembly also includes a third set of radiator elements and a fourth set of radiator elements operable in the second frequency band of operation.

Abstract: A low-profile lens element for steering a beam is provided. Specifically, the low-profile lens element is mechanically rotatable such that a beam can be steered in any direction within three-dimensional space. The lens element may include a number of discrete portions for differentially delaying adjacent discrete portions of a beam in order to effect beam steering.

Abstract: A wireless communication receiver (20) comprises an antenna structure (22) and a joint searcher and channel estimator (24). The antenna structure acquires dimensionally differentiated signals which are concurrently utilized by the joint searcher and channel estimator for determining both a time of arrival and channel coefficient. The wireless communication receiver can be either a mobile terminal or a network node (e.g., a radio access network node such as a base station node, also called Node-B). In “spatial” embodiments, the antenna structure comprises an array of plural antennas. The signals acquired by different antennas of the array are dimensionally differentiated with regard to a spatial dimension, and the time of arrival and a composite channel coefficient are essentially concurrently determined by the joint searcher and channel estimator.

Abstract: The invention includes a mechanical scanning feed and a spherical lens antenna system. The mechanical feed includes a waveguide, which has a movable wall assembly that contains a guide slot. The moveable wall portion also includes an end wall that is located proximate to the guide slot to prevent leakage of the propagating energy out of the waveguide. The mechanical feed also includes a drive mechanism, which moves the moveable wall assembly along the waveguide in a direction that is parallel to the direction of propagation of the energy. This allows the guide slot to be positioned at any elevation angle to allow a portion of the propagating energy to exit through the guide slot. This in combination with the waveguide being able to be rotated 360 degrees about the spherical lens provides the antenna system with nearly spherical coverage.

Abstract: In a wireless tag gate reader that includes a plurality of antenna pairs that is disposed oppositely to each other so as to form a path space where a recognition target with a wireless tag goes through and a wireless tag reader connected to each of the antenna pairs, antenna pairs disposed at both ends of the path space of the wireless tag gate reader are disposed with a tilt angle so as to expand the width at the both ends of the path space.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatuses for a radial constrained lens in a steerable directional antenna system. The radial constrained lens includes a feed array that excites a continuous radiating aperture through a section of radial waveguide. Feed elements of the feed array are coupled to a feed network that processes a signal for each of the active feed elements. A feed array may include a plurality of feed probes or a plurality of waveguide sections. A sector, which includes a contiguous subset of feed elements, may be configured by a switching arrangement either in a transmit mode or a receive mode. The radial constrained lens may be commutated about a full 360 degree aperture view. Also, a plurality of radial constrained lens may be vertically stacked so that a scanned beam may be adjusted both in an azimuth and elevation directions.

Abstract: A detection device that can be used for detecting objects behind clothing etc including a dielectric lens and a receive element sensitive to millimetre wave radiation. Prior art systems produce an image of a scene usually using scanning optics. This can be large and expensive. The present invention instead take spot readings from different parts of a scene without building up an image. The spot readings are processed, and an indication given to a user if certain characteristics of the readings are observed. Typical characteristics used are the differences in absolute received power level, and the power level at different polarisations. Such characteristics are typically present is an object of interest is in the scene. Also disclosed are various methods of altering the received beam to get readings from different areas from the scene, such as changing the beam width, or beam angle.

Abstract: A resonance element array 200 is disposed between a primary radiator 1 and a lens 3. In the resonance element array 200, resonance elements of linear conductors and variable reactance circuits are arranged on a dielectric substrate. A control voltage is applied to a fixed variable reactance circuit by a control portion so that a fixed resonance element is excited by an electromagnetic wave from the primary radiator 1 and the direction of optical path to be collimated by the lens 3 is electronically changed. Thus, an antenna device, in which a beam scanning is speeded, power consumption for the beam scanning is reduced, operation noise in the beam scanning is eliminated, the reliability is increased, and, when required, the beam direction can be directed to any direction, can be obtained. Furthermore, when necessary, the beam radiation pattern can be changed.

Abstract: Alternating impedance electromagnetic bandgap (AI-EBG) structures, systems incorporating AI-EBG structures, and methods of making AI-EBG structures, are disclosed.

Abstract: An electromagnetic medium is described, the electromagnetic medium comprising a periodic array patterned to provide at least one photonic bandgap and to provide negative refraction for incident radiation at an operating frequency lying within the at least one photonic bandgap. The periodic array includes an externally powered gain material having an amplification band that includes the operating frequency.

Abstract: An ID detection device includes a transmit/receive antenna unit having a transmit/receive antenna and a movement mechanism for making the transmit/receive antenna scan, wherein a file folder in which the RFID tags are arranged close to one another in a row is set on the transmit/receive antenna unit, to make the transmit/receive antenna scan in a row direction in which the RFID tags are arranged.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing a CDMA receiver to a transmitter when an adaptive antenna is utilized to receive transmitted data, wherein a receiving antenna system is adapted between a 360° reception angle pattern (i.e., an omni-directional pattern) and a fixed reception angle (i.e., a directional pattern) by permitting the receiver to identify a pilot signal having the largest magnitude. The receiver minimizes interference from other pilot signals by steering antenna pattern nulls toward other transmitters. As a result, the time required for the receiver to acquire a valid pilot signal is significantly reduced.

Abstract: Lens antenna equipment including a hemispherical Luneberg lens made of dielectric, a reflector which has a size larger than the lens diameter and which is to be provided on a face equivalent to a cross-section made by halving a globular shape of the lens, a primary feed to be arranged at a focus part of the lens, and an arm for holding the primary feed, all of which are unitarily assembled together, wherein the holder of the arm can be turned about an axis that is a perpendicular line passing the center of the lens when the reflector is attached to its installation position in a substantially perpendicular manner with respect to the ground surface, and wherein the primary feed can be moved along the surface of the lens, on a plane that is perpendicular to the axis passing the center of the lens, and on a semicircle centering the axis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and methods for radiating radar signals, communication signals, or other similar signals. In one embodiment, a system includes a controller that generates a control signal and an antenna coupled to the controller. The antenna includes a first component that generates at least one wave based on the generated control signal and a metamaterial lens positioned at some predefined focal length from the first component. The metamaterial lens directs the generated at least one wave.

Abstract: A telecommunication system uses a satellite antenna showing on the horizontal plane, a sufficiently narrow radiation lobe to discriminate two adjacent satellites and showing on the vertical plane, a sufficiently narrow vertical lobe to ensure an adequate gain, but sufficiently ample to enable the reception of a certain number of satellites in adjacent orbital positions, by land stations distributed over a certain meridian arc without the necessity for antenna elevation angle variations.

Abstract: An antenna beam steering apparatus and method comprising providing an antenna, employing a beam-deflecting lens through which energy passing from and to the antenna is deflected, and rotating the antenna with a single-axis rotator.

Abstract: An antenna array includes an upper conductive plate structure comprising a lattice array of holes to form a radiating aperture. A lower conductive plate structure is disposed in a spaced relationship relative to the upper plate structure. The lower plate structure has an upper surface whose spacing from a lower surface of the upper plate varies in a first direction parallel to the lower surface. The array includes relative rotation apparatus for imparting relative rotational movement between the upper plate structure and the lower plate structure.

Abstract: A high gain, steerable phased array antenna includes multiple oblong slots. For each of the oblong and preferably rectangular slots, an electrical microstrip feed line is disposed within a parallel plane to the slot, and extends in the short dimension of the slot across the center of its long dimension. The microstrip feed lines and corresponding oblong slots form magnetically coupled LC resonance elements. A main feed line couples with the microstrip feed lines. Delay circuitry is used to electronically steer the antenna by selectively changing signal phases on the microstrip feed lines. One or more processors operating based on program code continuously or periodically determine a preferred signal direction and control the delay circuitry to steer the antenna in the preferred direction. The preferred signal direction is determined based on a directional throughput determination.

Abstract: A millimeter wave imaging system that includes at least one millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna for collecting frequency dependent beams of millimeter wave radiation from a narrow one-dimensional field of view. The collected radiation is amplified at the collected frequencies and the amplified signals are separated into frequency dependent bins with a tapped-delay beam-former. These bins are then sampled to produce a one-dimensional image of the antenna field of view. A two dimensional image of a target may be obtained by moving the target across the field of view of the scanning antenna. In a preferred embodiment the antenna is only 4.5 inches in length and constructed from WR-10 waveguide with inclined slots cut in one of the narrow walls at 79 mil spacings. This geometry creates a frequency-scanned antenna spanning a 20 degree vertical field of view over a 75.5–93.5 GHz operational band of the sensor, starting at approximately 1 degree below horizontal at 93.

Abstract: A low cost antenna in a base station suitable for deployment where high density of wireless users are present in specific directions (e.g., cross roads in urban areas). A lens is used associated with antenna elements to collimate the beam for a longer distance in the desired directions. By using the lens, the need for complex electronics is minimized, thereby reducing the cost of a base station. Another aspect of the present invention enables the lens to be designed precisely by first determining the radiation pattern of each array element according to a corresponding coordinate system, transforming the radiation pattern to a common coordinate system, and determining a composite radiation pattern using the value determined for the common coordinate system. Inverse scattering technique is applied using the composite radiation pattern and the desired collimation pattern to determine the precise shape of the lens.

Abstract: A radio frequency amplifier comprising a circuit board having a boundary shaped in the form of an ellipse and two dielectric layers, a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer, enclosed by conductive layers. Radio frequency signals are broadcasted from one of the two foci, the first focus, of the elliptically shaped circuit board through the first dielectric layer and separate portions of the signals are collected at the boundary of the first dielectric layer into a plurality of amplifier circuits. The collected portions are amplified separately in the amplifier circuits with radio frequency amplifiers and each of the amplifier circuits provides the same or approximately the same time delay of its collected signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microstrip reflective array antenna adopting a plurality of U-slot patches. The microstrip reflective array antenna comprises a reflective disk, a horn antenna and a support. The reflective disk is adapted to reflect microwave signals wherein a plurality of square patches are disposed on the upper surface of a first substrate and a plurality of U-slot patches corresponding to the square patches are disposed on the upper surface of a second substrate. In addition, the lower surface of the first substrate is stacked on the upper surface of a second substrate. The horn antenna is adapted to receive the microwave signals from the reflective disk, and the support is adapted to hold the horn antenna directly above the reflective disk.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna system including a Luneberg Lens having a spherically shaped outer surface and a spherically shaped focal surface spaced from its outer surface with a plurality of patch antenna elements disposed along the focal surface of the Luneberg Lens; and a power combiner for combining signals received by said plurality of patch antenna elements. The disclosed antenna system may be used a part of a robust GPS system having a plurality of GPS satellites each transmitting a GPS signal; a plurality of airborne GPS platforms, each GPS platform including a GPS transmitter for transmitting its own GPS signal, the GPS signals being transmitted from the plurality of airborne GPS platforms being differentiated from the GPS signals transmitted by visible GPS satellites; and at least one terrestrially located GPS receiver for receiving the GPS signals transmitted by visible ones of the GPS satellites and by visible ones of said airborne GPS platforms.

Abstract: An oscillator. In the illustrative embodiment, the oscillator includes an ortho-mode feed; a reflective amplifier array adapted to be illuminated by the feed with an input wavefront with a first polarization and to return thereto an amplified wavefront with a second polarization orthogonal to the first wavefront; and a partially reflective plate disposed between the feed and the amplifier. The inventive oscillator provides a Fabry-Perot cavity between the feed and the plate. In the illustrative embodiment, the plate is a polarized plate. The plate may have surfaces with dissimilar polarizations and/or curvatures. The amplifier may be phase locked by an ortho-mode converter or other arrangement.

Abstract: A reflector array antenna is divided into independent subarrays each comprising at least two radiating elements adapted firstly to collect signals delivered by a source and having at least one chosen first polarization and secondly to send phase-shifted signals having at least one chosen second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. Each subarray sums the collected signals as a function of a chosen first phase law so that they correspond to a chosen source pointing direction, applies a chosen phase shift to the summed signals, and distributes the phase-shifted signals between the radiating elements as a function of a chosen second phase law so that the radiating elements of each subarray radiate them in a pointing direction of a chosen area. The combining and distribution are effected separately and the subarrays are therefore of a nonreciprocal type.

Abstract: A vertically integrated Ka-band active electronically scanned antenna including, among other things, a transitioning RF waveguide relocator panel located behind a radiator faceplate and an array of beam control tiles respectively coupled to one of a plurality of transceiver modules via an RF manifold. Each of the beam control tiles includes a respective plurality of high power transmit/receive (T/R) cells as well as dielectric waveguides, RF stripline and coaxial transmission line elements. The waveguide relocator panel is preferably fabricated by a diffusion bonded copper laminate stack up with dielectric filling. The beam control tiles are preferably fabricated by the use of multiple layers of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material laminated together.

Abstract: An antenna array employing continuous transverse stubs as radiating elements is described, which includes an upper conductive plate structure comprising a set of continuous transverse stubs, and a lower conductive plate structure disposed in a spaced relationship relative to the upper plate structure. The upper plate structure and the lower plate structure define an overmoded waveguide medium for propagation of electromagnetic energy. For each of the stubs, one or more transverse device array phase shifters are disposed therein.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatuses for a radial constrained lens in a steerable directional antenna system. The radial constrained lens includes a feed array that excites a continuous radiating aperture through a section of radial waveguide. Feed elements of the feed array are coupled to a feed network that processes a signal for each of the active feed elements. A feed array may include a plurality of feed probes or a plurality of waveguide sections. A sector, which includes a contiguous subset of feed elements, may be configured by a switching arrangement either in a transmit mode or a receive mode. The radial constrained lens may be commutated about a full 360 degree aperture view. Also, a plurality of radial constrained lens may be vertically stacked so that a scanned beam may be adjusted both in an azimuth and elevation directions.

Abstract: A millimeter wave (MMW) antenna array includes a continuous transverse stub (CTS) radiating aperture comprising a set of spaced continuous transverse stubs, each having a longitudinal extent. A series feed system is coupled to an excitation source for exciting the stubs with MMW electromagnetic energy having a linear phase progression along the longitudinal extent of the stubs to produce an array beam which can be scanned over a beam scan range by changing the excitation frequency.

Abstract: A small, lightweight radio wave lens antenna device is proposed in which freedom of selection of the installation place is high, which can be compactly installed e.g. on a wall surface, and in which restriction of installation space is relaxed. A hemispherical Luneberg lens 2 is mounted on a reflecting plate 1, antenna elements 4 are supported by a retainer 3, they are integrally combined, and a mounting portion 5 is provided for mounting the reflecting plate 1 to a installation portion such as a wall surface with the reflecting plate 1 substantially vertical. The reflecting plate 1 may have such a shape that an area other than the area for reflecting radio waves from directions in a predetermined range is removed, preferably in the shape of a fan. The hemispherical Luneberg lens 2 is mounted on the reflecting plate 1, offset toward the small arcuate edge 1b of the fan.