Abstract: An electronic device is provided and includes a housing, a first substrate disposed in an inner space of the housing, a second substrate disposed on a first surface of the first substrate, a third substrate disposed on a first surface of the second substrate, a first conductive patch attached to at least a partial region of the side surfaces of the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate, and a second conductive patch attached to at least another partial region of the side surfaces of the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for flat lens antennas and their operation. In one example, among others, an antenna includes electrically thin (W<<?high), highly conducting, TEM mode antenna arms fed at a first end by a balun. The TEM mode antenna arms can be embedded in a spatially varied anisotropic dielectric material. A separation between the TEM mode antenna arms can increase from the first end to a second end where the TEM mode antenna arms transition to resistive card (Rcard) terminations when the TEM mode antenna arms are separated by a distance Hr, where a ratio of Hr to a height (H) of the antenna is in a range from about 0.2 to about 0.8.

Abstract: An antenna system operates in a hybrid coplanar waveguide and rectangular waveguide mode. A slot array with a conductive layer is disposed on a substrate and defines a coplanar waveguide joining a number of side slots arranged in a line forming the slot array. Another substrate is spaced apart from the substrate and a ground plane is defined thereon. A defined volume waveguide is disposed between the substrates. The array is configured to radiate a radiation pattern in a hybrid mode that results from a combination of the slot array and the defined volume waveguide. The side slots may be elliptical in shape for side lobe level reduction.

Abstract: A device for unidirectional propagation of microwaves comprises a resonant microwave structure arranged to transmit microwaves between two ports and a magnetic source arranged to provide a generally static magnetic field and to have a resonant frequency distinct from that of the microwave structure, which is disposed adjacent the microwave structure so as to be located in presence of electromagnetic fields emanating from the transmitted microwaves such that the magnetic field interacts with the electromagnetic fields of the microwaves so as to form a set of hybridized resonant frequencies at which zero intrinsic damping exists, one of the set of hybridized resonant frequencies being a real eigenvalue providing the unidirectional propagation from one of the first and second ports to the other. A related method comprises arranging the magnetic source at a prescribed position where the real eigenvalue matches the frequency of an input signal applied at a selected port.

Abstract: This document describes a waveguide with a zigzag for suppressing grating lobes. An apparatus may include a waveguide with a zigzag waveguide channel to suppress grating lobes in diagonal planes of a three-dimensional radiation pattern. The waveguide includes a hollow channel containing a dielectric and an array of radiation slots through a surface that is operably connected with the dielectric. The hollow channel has a zigzag shape along a longitudinal direction through the waveguide. The zigzag waveguide channel and radiation slots configure the described waveguide to suppress grating lobes in an antenna radiation pattern. This document also describes a waveguide formed in part by a printed circuit board to improve the manufacturing process.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a main radiator element, a parasitic radiator element, a feeder and at least one first high-impedance member. The parasitic radiator element is disposed in parallel with the main radiator element. The feeder is configured to electrically or electromagnetically couple the main radiator element. The at least one first high-impedance member directly contacts the parasitic radiator element and is configured to be electrically grounded.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a multi-feed antenna including a first conductor layer, a second conductor layer, four supporting conductor structures and four feeding conductor lines. The second conductor layer has a first center position and is spaced apart from the first conductor layer at a first interval. The four electrically connected sections respectively extend from different side edges of the second conductor layer toward the first center position, so that the second conductor layer forms four mutually connected radiating conductor plates. The four feeding conductor lines are all located between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer. The four feeding conductor lines and the four supporting conductor structures form an interleaved annular arrangement. The four feeding conductor lines excite the second conductor layer to generate at least four resonant modes. The at least four resonant modes cover at least one identical first communication band.

Abstract: A network environment includes a repeater wireless station. The repeater wireless station receives a first wireless signal from a wireless base station. The repeater wireless station transmits a second wireless signal from the repeater wireless station. The second wireless signal is a reproduction of the first wireless signal. When transmitting the second wireless signal, the repeater wireless station controls a phase shift of the second wireless signal with respect to a timing of the received first wireless signal to reduce wireless interference in the network environment.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for enabling a notch-based element that retains traditional notch ultra wideband (UWB) performance while having a highly-producible/-scalable structure, high power handling, a simple single-ended 50 ohm feeding, and relative insensitivity to a conductive back-plate. Embodiments of the present disclosure improve upon the traditional notch structure to further offer shorter element depth, lighter weight, and modularized assembly.

Abstract: Flat-plate antennas, antenna systems, and associated methods of manufacturing are provided. An example flat-plate antenna includes an integral body defining a top portion, a bottom portion opposite the top portion, and one or more side portions extending therebetween. The body further defines a channel at least partially enclosed by the body. The flat-plate antenna further includes a plurality of top openings formed in the top portion and one or more bottom openings formed in the bottom portion. The body is configured such that the plurality of top openings are in communication with the one or more bottom openings via the channel such that, in operation, electromagnetic radiation may pass therebetween, such as generated by or received by a radio transceiver communicably coupled with the flat-plate antenna via the bottom portion of the body.

Abstract: Waveguide and/or antenna assemblies for RADAR sensor assemblies/modules, particularly those for vehicles. In some embodiments, the assembly may comprise a waveguide block defining one or more waveguides, each waveguide defined by a waveguide groove. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one waveguide groove is non-straight, such as meandering/oscillating back and forth. An antenna structure may be operably coupled with the one or more waveguides, which structure may comprise an array of one or more slots. In some embodiments, a single, elongated slot of the one or more slots may extend along an axis of each waveguide groove for delivering electromagnetic radiation from a corresponding waveguide of the one or more waveguides therethrough.

Abstract: A dual band antenna that allows the independent optimization of each frequency band by adjusting the sizes of the antenna elements. For example, an antenna may have two different drivers, one for the high-frequency and one for the low frequency. By using elements orthogonally connected to the low frequency driver, the low frequency driver can function as both a reflector to the high frequency drivers and the low frequency driver without affecting the antenna's performance in the high frequency. The antenna may also have parasitic elements. For example, parasitic directors parallel to the high frequency band driver can be configured to improve performance in the high frequency band. Pairs of additional parasitic directors can be orthogonally connected these directors. These pairs can be adjusted in size to improve performance in the low frequency band with minimal impact on performance in the high frequency band.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a planar antenna structure (100, 200, 800, 900) comprising at least one radiating aperture (101, 201 801, 901), adapted for a certain working frequency band, and an electrically conducting surface structure (102, 202, 802, 902) that is constituted by at least one surface part and is surrounding at least one radiating aperture (101, 201, 801, 901) and having a certain extension (T). The planar antenna structure (100, 200, 800, 900) comprises at least one continuous groove (103, 104; 203, 204; 803, 804; 903, 904) that forms a slot in the surface structure (102, 202, 802, 902), where each groove (103, 104) is defined by an at least virtual electric wall that is electrically connected to the surface structure (102, 202, 802, 902) and forms a continuous electromagnetic wall in the surface structure (102, 202, 802, 902) at the working frequency band. In this manner, that propagation of surface waves via the at least one groove (103, 104; 203, 204; 803, 804; 903, 904) is reduced.

Abstract: An antenna system includes: a first sub-system comprising at least one first antenna element shaped and disposed to have a first electrical polarization, in a first direction, in response to excitation of the first sub-system; and a second sub-system comprising at least one second antenna element shaped and disposed to have a second electrical polarization, in a second direction, in response to excitation of the second sub-system; where the at least one first antenna element and the at least one second antenna element are complementary antenna elements; and where the first sub-system and the second sub-system are co-located such that first sub-system and the second sub-system in combination provide a slant-polarization for the antenna system.

Abstract: A precision guided munition (PGM) system is disclosed. The PGM system comprises a body including a nose portion. The nose portion includes an aperture. A window is attached, secured, or adhered to the body at the nose portion. One or more antenna substrates is attached, secured, or adhered to the window. A plurality of radiating elements is attached, secured, or adhered to the one or more antenna substrates. An image sensor configured to capture an image in front of the body. The image sensor is behind the aperture and is configured to focus at an infinity focus in front of the body. The one or more antenna substrates include unpopulated areas configured to let photons pass through the antenna substrates from the window to the image sensor. The photons are parallel or collimated and the captured image does not include features of the antenna substrates.

Abstract: A method for determining presence of an object via a vehicular radar sensing system includes providing a radar sensor having a plurality of antennas, which includes a plurality of transmitting antennas and a plurality of receiving antennas. The plurality of antennas includes a plurality of sets of antennas, each set having a V shape or an X shape, and with each of the shaped sets of antennas having an apex. A signal feed is provided to the apex of each of the shaped sets of antennas. A radar beam is transmitted via the plurality of transmitting antennas and side lobes of the transmitted radar beam are reduced via the plurality of shaped sets of antennas. An output of the receiving antennas is communicated to a processor, and the processor determines presence of one or more objects exterior the vehicle and within the field of sensing of the radar sensor.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit and a third antenna unit. An angle between the second antenna unit and the first antenna unit is substantially equal to 90 degrees. An angle between the third antenna unit and the first antenna unit is substantially equal to 90 degrees. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are configured to generate a signal having a first polarization when the third antenna unit is turned off. The third antenna unit and the second antenna unit are configured to generate a signal having a second polarization different from the first polarization when the third antenna unit is turned off. A method of generating polarized signals is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A composite antenna and array antenna using the same. The antenna has a three-layer structure including a patch antenna, a slot antenna and a transmission line. A first layer includes a patch antenna resonating at half a wavelength, a second layer includes a slot antenna resonating at half the wavelength, and a third layer includes a transmission line and a feed point. The three layers are coupled and the entire composite antenna unit satisfies a resonance condition. A signal is fed through the transmission line and coupled to the slot antenna, and the signal from the slot antenna is further coupled to the patch antenna. This composition antenna has a desirable antenna gain, and an increased antenna bandwidth compared to a single patch antenna or slot antenna.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed herein for a cylindrically fed antenna and method for using the same. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises: an antenna feed to input a cylindrical feed wave; a first layer coupled to the antenna feed and into which the feed wave propagates outwardly and concentrically from the feed; a second layer coupled to the first layer to cause the feed wave to be reflected at edges of the antenna and propagate inwardly through the second layer from the edges of the antenna; and a radio-frequency (RF) array coupled to the second layer, wherein the feed wave interacts with the RF array to generate a beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna apparatus including a conductive plate on which a main slot, a sub slot, and a slot coupler are formed, a feed line, and a dielectric provided between the conductive plate and the feed line. The main slot, the sub slot, and the slot coupler are formed to penetrate the conductive plate. The slot coupler extends from the sub slot to the vicinity of the main slot. Thereby, the antenna apparatus is able to communicate smoothly with a preceding vehicle and/or a following vehicle.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a ground plate, a radiator, and a signal source. The radiator is disposed on the ground plate. The signal source is configured to feed an electromagnetic wave signal of a first frequency band into the radiator. A first slot and a second slot are disposed on the ground plate. Both slots are closed slots and surround the radiator, and are used to restrain current distribution on the ground plate.

Abstract: An individually formed radiating unit, an antenna array, and an antenna assembly are provided. The individually formed radiating unit includes a reflector, at least one radiating element integrated into a first side of the reflector, and a housing disposed on a second side of the reflector.

Abstract: In the design of phased array antennas, as well as simple use of compact antennas, there is a strong interest to locate higher frequency antennas closer in spacing, and/or on the same surface, as the larger frequency antennas. What is needed is an array antenna technology, which can be conformal, and can interleave elements, as the frequency increases, to reduce array grating lobes. The desired solution would have much fewer required RF antenna ports, than the Tightly Coupled Dipole Antenna solutions. The optimal solution would also enable Dual or Diverse Polarization. This innovation embeds a wideband Slot Antenna, within the physical area of a larger electric dipole Antenna or Cross Dipole Antenna, with a De-Coupling gap around the Slot Ground Plane (or conductor) and isolates the Wideband Slot Antenna (the inner antenna) from the Dipole or Monopole antenna leg(s) (the Outer Antenna). Both (Inner and Outer) antennas have independent feeds and independent transmission line(s).

Abstract: Omni-directional orthogonally-polarized antenna system for MIMO applications are disclosed herein. An example antenna system can have two arrays of horizontally polarized radiating elements, and two arrays of vertically polarized radiating elements, each array having roughly 180-degree radiation pattern, disposed about a central axis in a common horizontal plane, arrays of common polarization separated by 180-degrees, such that MIMO processing of signals to the arrays of common polarization results in a radiation pattern that is substantially constant over 360-degrees in azimuth.

Abstract: This document describes techniques, apparatuses, and systems directed to a waveguide end array antenna to reduce grating lobes and cross-polarization. Referred to simply as the waveguide, for short, utilizes a core made of a dielectric material to guide electromagnetic energy from a waveguide input to one or more radiating slots. The dielectric core includes a main channel and one or more forks. Each fork connects the main channel to one or more tine sections, and each tine section is terminated by a closed end and a radiating slot. These radiating slots are separated from each other by a distance to enable at least a portion of the electromagnetic energy to dissipate in phase through the radiating slots. The dielectric core of the waveguide reduces grating lobes and cross-polarization associated with the electromagnetic energy. An automobile can rely on the waveguide to detect objects with increased accuracy.

Abstract: This document describes a single-layer air waveguide antenna integrated on a circuit board. The waveguide guides electromagnetic energy through channels filled with air. It is formed from a single layer of material, such as a sheet of metal, metal-coated plastic, or other material with conductive surfaces that is attached to a circuit board. A portion of a surface of the circuit board is configured as a floor of the channels filled with air. This floor is an electrical interface between the circuit board and the channels filled with air. The single layer of material is positioned atop this electrical interface to define walls and a ceiling of the channels filled with air. The single layer of material can be secured to the circuit board in various ways. The cost of integrating an air waveguide antenna on to a circuit board this way may be less expensive than other waveguide-manufacturing techniques.

Abstract: A leaky-wave antenna includes a substrate extending along an axis, and a dielectric waveguide extending along the axis and arranged in the substrate. The dielectric waveguide includes at least a top side, a bottom side, and opposite sides arranged between the top and bottom sides. A distance defined between the opposite sides varies along the axis for at least part of a length of the dielectric waveguide.

Abstract: A communication device is made with a metallic frame having an interior mounting surface for receiving one or more functional components. The metallic frame includes a first frame member having a first portion extending uninterrupted across one lateral side of the metallic frame. The first portion provides structural support to the communication device. A T-shaped slot antenna is formed in a second portion of the first frame member adjacent to the first portion. The T-shaped slot antenna has first and second arms separated at a gap and partially encompassing a slot. The second portion of the first frame member enables radio frequency communication by at least one of the functional components via the T-shaped slot antenna of the communication device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment an antenna apparatus includes: a first conductor layer; a second conductor layer; a dielectric layer between the first and the second conductor layers; a plurality of first conductor vias corresponding to a first direction; a plurality of second conductor vias opposed to the first conductor vias corresponding to the first direction; and a plurality of first openings in the first direction in a region of the first conductor layer between the first and the second conductor vias. A plurality of third conductor vias are part of the plurality of first conductor vias and are arranged along the first openings. Positions of the third conductor vias in a second direction are different from positions of others of the first conductor vias in the second direction, the second direction is substantially orthogonal to the first direction and is substantially parallel to the first conductor layer.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a metal mechanism element, a dielectric substrate, a ground plane, a parasitic radiation element, and a feeding radiation element. A connection end of the parasitic radiation element is coupled to the ground plane. The parasitic radiation element includes a first widening portion, which is positioned at a bend of the parasitic radiation element. The parasitic radiation element has a vertical projection on the metal mechanism element. The vertical projection at least partially overlaps a first closed end of the slot. The feeding radiation element is disposed between the parasitic radiation element and the ground plane. The dielectric substrate is adjacent to the metal mechanism element. The parasitic radiation element and the feeding radiation element are disposed on the dielectric substrate. An antenna structure is formed by the parasitic radiation element, the feeding radiation element, and the slot of the metal mechanism element.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems of an exposed portion of a PCB configured to provide isolation among radar antennas. The described radar system includes an exposed portion of a surface of a printed circuit board (PCB) positioned between a first antenna and a second antenna. The PCB includes a metal plating on the surface of the PCB. A width of the exposed portion can delay a phase of electromagnetic (EM) energy conducted by the metal plating relative to a phase of EM energy that does not traverse the exposed portion. A height of the exposed portion can cause an amount of the EM energy conducted by the metal plating to be approximately equal to an amount of EM energy that traverses the exposed portion. In this way, the described systems and techniques can reduce signal-coupling among radar antennas without additional hardware costs and distance between the antennas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a base station antenna. The base station antenna comprises: a reflector that is configured to provide a ground plane; a first radiating element array including at least one first cross-polarized radiating element that is arranged on the reflector; and a first parasitic element array including first through third parasitic element pairs, wherein each of the first through third parasitic element pairs includes a pair of parasitic elements that are arranged substantially symmetrically on both sides of the first longitudinal axis, and distances from the first through third parasitic element pairs respectively to the first longitudinal axis increase sequentially, wherein projections of any two of the first parasitic element pair, the second parasitic element pair, the third parasitic element pair, and the at least one first cross-polarized radiating element on the first longitudinal axis at least partly overlap.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antenna boards, antenna modules, and communication devices. For example, in some embodiments, an antenna board may include a plurality of antenna patches coupled to a dielectric material and a plurality of pedestals extending from a face of the dielectric material and at least partially embedded in the dielectric material.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for a printed circuit board that includes multiple antennas, and operates to support satellite communications, are disclosed. One apparatus includes a first flat panel element. The first flat panel element includes a multilayer PCB (printed circuit board). The multilayer PCB includes a first exterior layer comprising N antenna elements, and a second exterior layer comprising N RF (radio frequency) chains operative to process the RF signals, each of the N RF chains electrically connected to a one of the N antenna elements, and N metal patches arranged in a square, wherein an air gap is located between the N metal patches and the N antenna elements, wherein dimensions, orientation, and spacing between the N metal patches and the N antenna elements are selected based on a carrier frequency, bandwidth, and directionality of the propagated RF signals.

Abstract: An omnidirectional vertically polarized antenna. A number of antenna elements are each fabricated on a backing, such as a printed circuit board. The front of each antenna element has conductive strips and slots, arranged in an alternating pattern. The back of each antenna element has an antenna feed circuit. An electrically absorptive layer is attached to the back of each antenna element. The antenna elements are assembled together in a nonconductive housing with circumferentially arranged compartments that receive the antenna elements.

Abstract: A novel, interlocking, snap-fit connection between an antenna aperture and a ground plane layer that contains coaxial connectors is described herein. The snap-fit design provides a simple and solderless transition from the connectors to elements of the antenna aperture. This design facilitates easy assembly and disassembly, allowing parts to be removed, reinstalled and/or reused.

Abstract: An all metal wideband tapered slot phase array antenna includes: a ground plate; and a plurality of antennas arranged on the ground plate, wherein each of the antennas includes radiators configured to face each other with respect to a center line, forming an inclined surface that starts from the ground plate and decreases in width in an exponential manner, and having a non-uniform thickness.

Abstract: This document describes a folded waveguide for antenna. The folded waveguide may be an air waveguide and includes a hollow core that forms a rectangular opening in a longitudinal direction at one end, a closed wall at an opposite end, and a sinusoidal shape that folds back and forth about a longitudinal axis that runs in the longitudinal direction through the hollow core. The hollow core forms a plurality of radiation slots, each including a hole through one of multiple surfaces that defines the hollow core. The radiation slots are arranged on the one surface to produce a particular antenna pattern. The radiation slots and sinusoidal shape enable the folded waveguide to prevent grating lobes from appearing in the particular antenna pattern on either side of a horizontal-polarity, main beam, or to prevent X-band lobes from appearing in the particular antenna pattern on either side of a vertical-polarity, main beam.

Abstract: A radar system having multiple layers and a radiating array of elements, wherein signals are presented to the elements as they propagate through a slotted wave guide.

Abstract: A wireless power feeding device includes an attachment member having a socket to be electrically connected to a power supply and a fastener to be electrically connected to a ground, and a band having a socket pin to be inserted to the socket and a locking tool to be locked to the fastener, the band being attached to the attachment member and fixing a power receiving device to which power is to be wirelessly fed to the attachment member, wherein the socket pin has a power feeding electrode to be electrically connected to the power supply within the socket, and a ground connection sensing electrode to be electrically connected to the ground via the locking tool and the fastener, and the attachment member has a switch circuit electrically connecting the power supply to the power feeding electrode only when the ground connection sensing electrode is electrically connected to the ground.

Abstract: A communication antenna and radiation unit thereof with tapered clearance slots for transceiving radiation signals disposed at four corners of the radiation unit. The slots form groups and are arranged and fed by two feeding units. A middle portion of the radiation unit is a flat central platform. Peripheries of the radiation unit are turned up to form folded edges. The communication antenna includes a reflecting plate and a radiation unit operating at a low frequency. The central platform has a high-frequency radiation element. The radiation unit has a small aperture and is lightweight, so the antenna size is reduced, and a radiation performance indicator can be ensured. The radiation unit is applied to a multi-frequency antenna, has little effect on a high-frequency oscillator, and is especially suitable for a multi-frequency base station antenna with a low-frequency unit and a high-frequency unit forming an array in a nested manner.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes a resonant cavity, a plurality of feed waveguides, an array of slot antenna elements, and a plurality of phase shifters. The resonant cavity includes a boresight surface having a normal vector oriented with boresight for the phased array antenna. The plurality of feed waveguides is distributed along a perimeter of the resonant cavity and is configured to supply electromagnetic waves to the resonant cavity. The array of slot antenna elements is distributed about the boresight surface and configured to radiate a beam based on standing waves within the resonant cavity. Each of the plurality of phase shifters is respectively coupled with the plurality of feed waveguides and independently controllable to modify the respective phases of the standing waves to steer the beam.

Abstract: The disclosed structures and methods are directed to transmission and reception of a radio-frequency (RF) wave. An antenna comprises a stack-up structure having a first control layer, a second control layer, a first and a second parallel-plate waveguides, and a plurality of through vias. The antenna further comprises a first central port and a second central port being configured to radiate RF wave into the two parallel-plate waveguides independently; vertical-polarization peripheral radiating elements integrated with the first control layer and configured to radiate RF wave in vertical polarization; and horizontal-polarization peripheral radiating elements integrated with the second control layer and configured to radiate RF wave in horizontal polarization. A central port for transmission of RF wave into the stack-up structure of the antenna is also provided.

Abstract: A dielectric loss when a signal wave is transmitted between a feed line and an antenna element via a slot is reduced. An antenna 21 includes: a dielectric substrate 28 including a recess 28b; a conductive ground layer 27 that is bonded to the dielectric substrate 28 to cover the recess 28b, and includes slots 27a-27d arranged on an inner side relative to the recess 28b; a dielectric layer 26 bonded to the conductive ground layer 27 on a side opposite to the dielectric substrate 28 relative to the conductive ground layer 27; antenna elements 29a-29d formed on a bottom 28d of the recess 28b at positions facing the slots 27a-27d; and a feed line 24a that is formed on a side opposite to the conductive ground layer 27 relative to the dielectric layer 26, and is to be electromagnetically coupled to the antenna elements 29a-29d via the slots 27a-27d.

Abstract: A slot antenna comprises a printed circuit board, wherein the printed circuit board has a slot, a first capacitor, a radio frequency signal source, a transmission line, and a ground cable, wherein one end of the slot is open, and the other end is closed; the first capacitor and the ground cable are disposed on the printed circuit board, wherein the first capacitor is located on the open end of the slot; the transmission line connects the first capacitor to the radio frequency signal source; and the radio frequency signal source is configured to stimulate a feeding signal, and feed the feeding signal to the open end of the slot, wherein the radio frequency signal source connects the transmission line to the ground cable, and wherein a feed point from the radio frequency signal source to the transmission line is located outside the slot.

Abstract: A body-worn electronic device, including a loop antenna and a transmitter. The overall physical length of the loop antenna is less than 75% of the vacuum wavelength of a lower limit frequency of the operating frequency range of the transmitter, while the electrical length of the antenna is from 0.9 to 1.1 times the guided wavelength of the lower limit frequency of the operating frequency range of the transmitter. The loop antenna includes a plurality of conductors which are connected in series by inductors so as to increase the electrical length of the loop antenna.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for transmitting and receiving an extended narrowband positioning reference signal (NPRS) sequence. In an aspect, a base station generates the extended NPRS sequence and transmits, to at least one user equipment (UE) over a wireless narrowband channel, the extended NPRS sequence. In an aspect, a UE receives, over the wireless narrowband channel, an NPRS of a first subset of the extended NPRS sequence and measures the NPRS of the first subset of the extended PRS sequence. In an aspect, the extended NPRS sequence may be a function of a plurality of slot numbers of a plurality of slots of a plurality of sequential radio frames and a plurality of symbol indexes of a plurality of symbols of a single physical resource block.

Abstract: An antenna includes a feed including a first feed element and a second feed element; a first member composed of metallic materials and including an end plate having at least two sides, and side wall plates disposed on the at least two sides of the end plate, wherein the first feed element and the second feed element of the feed are disposed on the end plate of the first member, and slots are formed on at least one of the side wall plates of the first member; and second members composed of non-metallic materials and disposed to cover the first member such that the slots are shielded; wherein a spacer for avoiding signal interference between the first feed element and the second feed element is disposed between the first feed element and the second feed element and connected with the end plate.

Abstract: An antenna device for receiving radio wave signals includes antenna groups. Each of the antenna groups includes unit antennas arranged in a predetermined direction. The antenna groups are arranged in the predetermined direction at equal intervals. The unit antennas in each of the antenna groups are arranged at two or more different intervals in the predetermined direction in the antenna device.

Abstract: A right-hand circularly-polarized patch antenna comprising a ground plane and a patch connected to each other with one or more wires for which the wire shape and location of the end points are selected such that they do not cause an antenna mismatch, and the electrical current carried in the wires produces an extra electromagnetic field subtracted from the patch field in the nadir direction.