Abstract: An image processing apparatus for automatically improving the contrast of an input image that is obtained from a digital camera or the like, and obtaining a sharper and clearing image. A contrast improvement unit (11) performs a contrast improvement process on the input image by comparing an object pixel in the input image with pixels in the surrounding area. An image combination unit (12) combines the enhanced image obtained by the contrast improvement process with the input image. The combined image is then output to a desired device such as a printer by an image output unit (13).

Abstract: An image display apparatus in which image signals of a plurality of primary colors are transformed by an image processing section into color space that includes lightness and chromaticity. When the chromaticity (color vividness) in this color space is being corrected, the correction method is changed in accordance with the optical modulation state of the display apparatus. If optical modulation is performed, then correction is made to lower the chromaticity, while correction is made to raise the chromaticity when there is no optical modulation.

Abstract: A method for generating matched contour profiles includes the steps of trimming or extending an input wire to create a modified input wire and slicing a solid part in the plane of the modified input wire to create an intersection wire. The method also includes the steps of imprinting the modified input wire and the intersection wire on a disk to create one or more faces of interest, determining which faces of interest constitute matched contour faces, and extracting edges of an identified matched contour face to create a closed wire. Matched contour profiles enable solid modeling programs to generate solid models that are less prone to failure because the matched contour profile automatically adapts to changes in the shape of the solid model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for modifying an intensity of a CRT stroke signal provided to a digital display displaying a stroke image are provided. One apparatus includes a velocity module for determining a vector velocity of the stroke image and an encoder for modifying the intensity of the stroke signal based on the vector velocity. A system includes a deflection input from multiple axes, a multiplexer for outputting the stroke signal, and a velocity intensity module (VIM). The VIM is configured to receive the stoke signal, determine a vector velocity of the stroke image based on the deflection inputs, and modify the stroke signal intensity based on the vector velocity. One method includes receiving first and second deflection inputs for the stroke image, determining a vector velocity for the stroke image based on the first and second deflection inputs, and modifying the stroke signal intensity based on the vector velocity.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for processing sequences of video images involve receiving, on a computer, data corresponding to a sequence of video images detected by an image sensor. The received data is processed using a graphics processor to adjust one or more visual characteristics of the video images corresponding to the received data. The received data can include video data defining pixel values and ancillary data relating to settings on the image sensor. The video data can be processed in accordance with ancillary data to adjust the visual characteristics, which can include filtering the images, blending images, and/or other processing operations.

Abstract: A method for enhancing an image includes applying an auto-level transformation to an original image to form a first image, applying an auto-contrast transformation to the original image to form a second image, and applying an auto-brightness transformation to the original image to form a third image. The method further includes applying a color cast correction to the first, the second, and the third images to generate a first group of images, applying a gamma correction to the first group of images to generate a second group of images, applying a sharpening correction to the second group of images to generate a third group of images, and presenting the third group of images to a user to select a final result.

Abstract: A webcam integrated in a portable information handling system captures ambient light for analysis and application in automatically adjusting settings of a display integrated in the information handling system. As an example, a histogram of the webcam is analyzed to determine ambient light intensity and color temperature, which is then applied to adjust the brightness, contrast and color settings of the display.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling brightness, color and contrast in CRT monitors used in information handling systems. In accordance with the present invention, a viewing area on a CRT monitor is enhanced by applying appropriate signals directly to the grids in the CRT. In one embodiment of the present invention, appropriate voltage signals are applied to the G1 grid of the CRT. Parameter data is provided to the CRT using a DDC2/CI data channel, with the parameter data being based on the VESA MCCS command set. Utilizing the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to achieve significantly greater brightness, color and contrast control in enhanced viewing areas displayed on a CRT monitor used in an information handling system.

Abstract: A computer is used to create a plan for repositioning an orthodontic patient's teeth. The computer receives an initial digital data set representing the patient's teeth at their initial positions and a final digital data set representing the teeth at their final positions. The computer then uses the data sets to generate treatment paths along which teeth will move from the initial positions to the final positions.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display which displays an image based on an image signal. An ambient light measuring unit measures the intensity of ambient light around the display. A brightness distribution measuring unit measures a brightness distribution in a scene when the image signal is obtained. A parameter calculator calculates a correction parameter for correcting a partial contrast of the image based on the ambient light intensity and brightness distribution in the scene. A contrast correction unit corrects a partial contrast of the image by correcting the image signal by using the calculated correction parameter.

Abstract: A method for adjusting backlight includes a series of operations. Providing a portable electronic device (10), the portable electronic device including an image sensor (12), a signal processor (14), a backlight adjuster (16) and a backlight module (18), which are all electronically connected together. The image sensor senses an outside light and transforms the sensed outside light to an optical image signal, and sends the optical image signal to the signal processor. The signal processor determines the backlight intensity that the backlight module should provide according to the received optical image signal, and sends a control signal to the backlight adjuster. The backlight adjuster dynamically adjusts the backlight provided by the backlight module based on the control signal sent from the signal processor. A portable electronic device is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device and a driving method thereof. The organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of scan lines in a first direction, a plurality of data lines in a second direction different from the first direction, a panel having a plurality of pixels formed on crossing areas of data lines and scan lines, and a data driving circuit which drives the pixels according to a display data and a brightness control data inputted from external apparatuses. The data driving circuit comprises a display data recognizing circuit which receives display data from a first external apparatus in the external apparatuses and a current generating circuit which receives brightness control data from a second external apparatus in the external apparatuses, and applies a data current according to the display data recognized in the display data recognizing circuit and the brightness control data to the data lines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing an image. Specifically, one exemplary embodiment of the method comprises inputting an image into a pixel array producing pixel output signals, executing an image edge detection routine on the pixel output signals that detects pixels defining an image edge, grouping the edge defining pixels into a predetermine plurality of regions based on luminance intensity values of the edge defining pixels, using the grouping to define a non-linear transform function operation over a range of luminance intensity values of the edge defining pixels, applying the non-linear transform function to luminance intensity values, and using the edge defining pixels having the applied non-linear transform function to produce an enhanced image from the input image. One exemplary embodiment of the apparatus comprises a programmed processor that executes the method described above.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for automatically improving the contrast of an input image that is obtained from a digital camera or the like, and obtaining a sharper and clearing image. A contrast improvement unit (11) performs a contrast improvement process on the input image by comparing an object pixel in the input image with pixels in the surrounding area. An image combination unit (12) combines the enhanced image obtained by the contrast improvement process with the input image. The combined image is then output to a desired device such as a printer by an image output unit (13).

Abstract: A display system for adjusting video parameters of a user-selected area is disclosed. The display system includes a level detector detecting a line pattern included in one of a plurality of image lines representative of a complete image being displayed, and a pattern receiver coupled to the level detector for receiving the detected pattern, where the received pattern includes a position indicator whose ends are vertically aligned with vertical edges of the user-selected area. In addition, the display system further includes a pixel counter coupled to the pattern receiver for measuring a set of horizontal positions of the indicator ends with respect to a reference point, a pattern analyzer calculating a set of horizontal positions of vertical edges of a video control area on the basis of the positions of the indicator ends, and a video preamplifier adjusting at least one of video parameters of the video control area.

Abstract: Per-pixel luminosity adjustment uses a luminosity mask applied as a texture. In one embodiment, a luminosity texture is defined. Pixel data of an underlying image is converted to an image texture. The image texture is blended onto a target surface. The luminosity texture is also blended onto the target surface, thereby generating luminosity compensated pixel data for the image.

Abstract: A method for setting opto-sensor detection sensitivity in a projection video display comprising the steps of sequentially generating video signals of different colors for illuminating a sensor with video images of the video signals. In responsive to the video signals automatically selecting respective detection thresholds. Sequentially detecting sensor signals in excess of the respective detection thresholds. Coupling the detected sensor signals for automated adjustment of the projection video display.

Abstract: A method for scintillation suppression of video images includes receiving a frame of pixels having intensity values and identifying pixels in the received frame having scintillation noise. The method modifies intensity values of pixels in the received frame, which are identified as having scintillation noise, and forms a filtered frame of pixels. The method counts the number of pixels modified in the filtered frame of pixels, and displays the filtered frame of pixels if the amount of pixels counted is less than a threshold value. The method displays the received frame of pixels, if the amount of modified pixels counted in the filtered frame of pixels is greater than the threshold value.

Abstract: A digital imaging system includes an image sensor, a frame buffer and a tone correction circuit. The tone correction circuit computes tone corrected pixel data using one or more tone correction curves. In operation, tone corrected pixel data for a first pixel is computed by generating a pixel mask for an m×n neighborhood of pixels surrounding the first pixel, applying a blending mask of weight factors to the pixel mask and computing a selector value based on the pixel mask and weight factors associated with the blending mask. The selector value is used to derive a first tone correction curve for use to compute the tone corrected pixel data for the first pixel. The first tone correction curve can be selected from the multiple tone correction curves based on the selector value or it can be derived by blending multiple tone correction curves based on the selector value.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods and systems for CAD data exchange, and in particular for creating boundary representations (“breps”) on a feature-by-feature basis are disclosed. According to an embodiment of the techniques described herein, a parameterized feature from a parametric based design system is exported from a source CAD system (404). Iterative steps and complimentary extraction techniques are employed by one or more processors (452, 456) to create an importable design model of the parameterized feature (433), which is imported into a target CAD system (408). While the techniques can include API (436), pattern matching (440), and user emulation (444) techniques, they include a brep per feature (450) technique. By exporting the brep on a per feature (453) basis from the source CAD system (404), the design intent of a CAD designer can be preserved on importation into the target CAD system (408).

Abstract: An image processing device for emphasizing a specified luminance area of an image taken by an image sensor. The contrast between a bright portion and a dark portion of an image taken by the image sensor having a wide dynamic range of a logarithmic output characteristic can be increased by selectively emphasizing the image sensor output of any luminance area by using an output characteristic conversion table.

Abstract: An image display apparatus in which image signals of a plurality of primary colors are transformed by an image processing section into color space that includes lightness and chromaticity. When the chromaticity (color vividness) in this color space is being corrected, the correction method is changed in accordance with the optical modulation state of the display apparatus. If optical modulation is performed, then correction is made to lower the chromaticity, while correction is made to raise the chromaticity when there is no optical modulation.

Abstract: An image display apparatus fixes the luminance of a blank area and varies only the luminance of an image. The image display apparatus includes an A/D conversion device to convert an input analog image signal into digital image data, a black level setting device for setting the black level of the digital image data by adjusting a lower-limit reference voltage of the A/D conversion device, a blank data generation device to generate blank data to display a blank area around an image display area on the screen, an image data combining device to combine the blank data generated by this blank data generation device and the digital image data output from the A/D conversion device, and a display device to display the output of this image data combining device on the screen.

Abstract: In a radio communication terminal, a microprocessor determines a mode selected by user manipulation of a key input portion. The microprocessor turns on a backlight of a display with the backlight in accordance with the determined mode, controls the time period of a bright display mode, and turns the backlight off after the lapse of the period to switch the bright display mode to a dark display mode. The ON time period in the bright display mode is set longer in another mode than in a normal mode. The backlight ON time is optimally controlled in correspondence with a mode selected by the user, thereby improving the operability and prolonging the service life of the battery.

Abstract: Picture processing apparatus has a pixel judgment circuit and a pixel correction circuit. The pixel judgment circuit includes a target pixel detection circuit for detecting a target pixel having a peak level from the input picture signal, and an edge detection circuit for detecting edges, each present at a distance of n pixels (n≧1) preceding and succeeding the target pixel. Further, the pixel correction circuit has a correction coefficient selection circuit, wherein a peak level correction coefficient is selected according to an output from the target pixel detection circuit, and an edge correction coefficient is selected according to an edge detection output. With the picture processing apparatus, a level of the target pixel is corrected and an edge of the input picture signal is corrected with the pixels of the input picture signal being corrected according to the peak level correction coefficient and the edge correction coefficient.

Abstract: For making outputs of a drive circuits accurate, the drive circuit is composed of a plurality of current signal generation circuits for outputting a current signal to each of a plurality of output units, a current signal output line to which outputs of the plurality of current signal generation circuits are commonly connected, a correction value output circuit for outputting a correction value obtained by evaluating the output of one or more specific circuits of the plurality of current signal generation circuits on a basis of current values output through the current signal output line, and a correction circuit for correcting an image signal supplied to the current signal generation circuits by means of the correction value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling brightness, color and contrast in CRT monitors used in information handling systems. In accordance with the present invention, a viewing area on a CRT monitor is enhanced by applying appropriate signals directly to the grids in the CRT. In one embodiment of the present invention, appropriate voltage signals are applied to the G1 grid of the CRT. Parameter data is provided to the CRT using a DDC2/CI data channel, with the parameter data being based on the VESA MCCS command set. Utilizing the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to achieve significantly greater brightness, color and contrast control in enhanced viewing areas displayed on a CRT monitor used in an information handling system.

Abstract: Gamma correction or other power functions are generated for correcting the light intensity for digital pixels. Two levels of mapping of segments are preformed to reduce the total number of segments for a given precision. The range of inputs is divided into successively smaller segments. Each segment is smaller than the next by a factor of 1/a for a first or primary level, or 1/b for a second level of segments. All inputs are mapped or scaled up to the input range of the largest segment in the primary level. Then the largest primary segment is further divided into several second-level segments, and the input is again mapped or scaled into the largest of the second-level segments. Gamma correction is performed on the input scaled into the largest second-level segment. A linear approximation within the largest second-level segment is used.

Abstract: A video pre-amplifier for increasing OSD signal colors in a display device and a method thereof includes an OSD interface block, a video signal amplifying block, an IIC bus control unit, and an intensity control unit. An OSD interface block receives the R, G, and B OSD signals, modifies, or levels, the R, G, and B OSD signals in response R, G, and B control signal, and outputs the leveled R, G, and B OSD signals. A video signal amplifying block synthesizes the leveled R, G, and B OSD signals with the R, G, and B video signals, respectively, amplifies the synthesized signals, and generating R, G, and B output signals. An IIC bus control unit controls the interface between a microcontroller and the video signal amplifying block in the display device and generates a predetermined mode signal. An intensity control unit generates the R, G, and B control signals based on combinations of bits of the mode signal and a predetermined intensity control signal.

Abstract: When an image having an aspect ratio of 16:9 is compressed in a vertical direction to be displayed on a display screen having an aspect ratio of 4:3, a gray scale signal is inserted into a top and a bottom of an image signal and a brightness level of the inserted gray scale signal is made to correspond to an average brightness level of the image signal. In addition, when an image having an aspect ratio of 4:3 is compressed in a horizontal direction to be displayed on a display screen having an aspect ratio of 16:9, a gray scale signal is inserted into a right edge and a left edge of an image signal and a brightness level of the inserted gray scale signal is made to correspond to an average brightness level of the image signal. Accordingly, a boundary line between a video image area and a non-video image area due to the difference in luminous characteristics of phosphors becomes hardly recognizable.

Abstract: An information processing device and its system is provided in which a display unit (head mount display) is used and a user carries out an information processing operation while seeing a virtual display screen. Polycrystalline silicon using CGS is used for a semiconductor of a display element of a liquid crystal panel used in the head mount display, so that high speed driving is made possible. The display unit in which frame inversion made in a writing period (60 to 180 Hz) is connected to a control unit and an input operating unit, so that the user can carry out the information processing operation.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the invention is to prevent a digital convergence correction device from lowering in precision of correction performed when a relation between screen raster and effective area of picture varies. A vertical display area detection signal that corresponds to a position in vertical direction of a picture display area on a screen is generated in accordance with a vertical deflecting current. An address counter for generating an address for reading out correction data is controlled in accordance with the signal.

Abstract: The automatic cut-off system includes a video data processing circuit, a cut-off control circuit, a drive circuit, and a level control section. The video data processing circuit adds a cut-off reference pulse having a predetermined level to primary-color signals of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) at different timings within a single vertical blanking interval, and outputs latch timing signals respectively indicating the timings. The cut-off control circuit shifts a level of each primary-color signal having the cut-off reference pulse added thereto based on a corresponding cut-off control signal. The drive circuit drives each cathode of a CRT (cathode-ray tube) based on a corresponding one of the shifted primary-color signals, and outputs a voltage corresponding to each cathode current as a common feedback signal. The level control section latches the feedback signal in response to each latch timing signal, and outputs the cut-off control signal of one of the primary-color signals.

Abstract: A circuit for regulating the brightness and size of picture in a display apparatus is disclosed, in which a picture brightness regulating circuit and a picture size regulating circuit are organically coupled together, and the picture brightness and size are decided by utilizing composite adjusting signals of a microcomputer. The display apparatus receives and amplifies RGB signals from a computer main body to output them to a cathode ray tube, supplies a high voltage from a fly back transformer to the cathode ray tube, and carries out horizontal deflections by a horizontal deflecting circuit. The circuit for regulating the brightness and picture size in the display apparatus according to the present invention includes the following elements. A current sensing section senses the intensities of beam currents incoming into the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus projects, under magnification by using a projection lens, image information carried by a luminous flux emitted from a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device. A field-sequential color-decomposing illumination optical system generates illumination color light for irradiating the ferroelectric liquid crystal display device. An analyzer and a quarter wave plate are arranged between the ferroelectric liquid crystal display device and the projection lens successively from the ferroelectric liquid crystal display device side.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a display device forming an image for projection to illuminate a display screen. A current source generates a current. A current sink is adjacent to the display screen and is coupled to the current source for receiving the current. A detector is coupled to the current source and the current sink for receiving the current and detecting a presence of the received current. Wherein a first condition, absent illumination by the projected image on the current sink, the current from the source divides and is coupled to the detector in accordance with a first ratio, the detector assuming a first state indicative of the absence of illumination, and in a second condition in accordance with an intensity of illumination by the projected image on the current sink, the current from the current source is received by the current sink in accordance with a second ratio and the detector, absent the received current, assumes a second state indicative of illumination on the current sink.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image display system includes an array of directionally-modulated pixels or light emitting picture elements. Each directionally-modulated pixel (DMP) emits light which is modulated in a manner that is not uniform in all directions, to insure that the light emitted in each included direction is appropriate for the scene being displayed. In this manner, observers viewing the scene from various positions see a scene generated by the image display device that closely simulates the three-dimensional attributes of the real objects located in the real scene being reproduced.

Abstract: A video control circuit controls the gains for red(R), green(G), and blue(B) color video signals inputted to a monitor, the brightness and contrast of a video display on the monitor, and the bias of a cathode ray tube within the monitor. A microcomputer outputs, in an I2C manner, data for a control signal for controlling contrast, brightness, gain and/or bias. The data are inputted to an I2C data process/PWM signal generation section which converts the data to PWM signal outputs. Rectification sections rectify the PWM signal outputs to provide contrast, brightness, gain and cutoff voltage signals. Only two output terminals of the microcomputer are employed for outputting a clock signal and the data for the control signal so as to control contrast, brightness, gain and bias control signals according to output signals of the variable resistors VR11 and VR12 and a bias/grain control section. A clock signal is generated by the microcomputer in synchronization with the data DATA.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a CRT locally enhances the drive signal range in a window. Circuitry is further included for monitoring the average luminosity in the window, and the drive signal range is reduced if there is a danger of doming in the window.

Abstract: A laser treatment apparatus for performing treatments on a patient's eye by irradiating a laser beam is provided with an observation optical system including eyepieces through which a patient's eye is observed, wherein the brightness of a display part for displaying setting information such as laser irradiation conditions and others is controlled based on the light reception quantity detected by a light quantity detecting device.

Abstract: A fiber optic display sign has an optical system with enhanced light efficiency so that the display system is suitable for outdoor use. A number of fiber optics have light receiving ends arranged in a compact bundle for receiving an image from an image generator, the fiber optics coupling the image to the output ends thereof for display. An array of lenses is positioned adjacent the output ends of the fiber optics for directing or aiming the light from the fiber optics to control the viewing angle of the image displayed. The array of lenses may be fixed with respect to the output ends of the fiber optics or the lens array may be movable with respect thereto so as to vary the viewing angle. The image generator employs a light source formed of a densely packed array of white light emitting diodes to provide enhanced brightness.

Abstract: A video input level control circuit in a video display device which can improve picture quality of the video appliance by selectively controlling input levels of the video signals inputted in different manners from different-typed video cards of a PC so that the input levels may be minimal.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode ray tube video display device, including: a micro computer for receiving data of factors affecting the brightness of a screen with time, computing a decreased amount of the brightness of the screen to compensate for the decreased amount and outputting a screen brightness compensation signal; and cathode ray tube controlling means for receiving the screen brightness compensation signal output from the micro computer, controlling a brightness level of a chrominance signal applied externally according to a level of the screen brightness compensation signal, and compensating the brightness of the screen which is decreased with time.

Abstract: To facilitate determination of a black point on a display unit, a reference brightness region and a comparison brightness region are displayed on the display unit. The former emits at a reference brightness that is used as a reference for determining the black point. The reference brightness is set by inputting a predetermined input value to the display unit. The brightness on the comparison brightness region is compared with the reference brightness. The comparison brightness is changed by increasing and decreasing the input value to the display unit to obtain a critical input value representing the input value wherein an operator can first distinguish the comparison brightness region from the reference brightness region. The two regions are arranged so that the comparison brightness region which is, for example, a star mark is completely surrounded by the reference brightness region, or vice versa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for optimizing the output of at least two electron guns in a cathode ray tube for aging the cathode ray tube during manufacture. The system comprises at least two electron guns located in the cathode ray tube and a memory configured to store an offset value that is representative of a difference between a maximum output level and a detected output level for each of the electron guns. The system further comprises a processor coupled to the memory. The processor generates a first scaled signal by adding a first signal representative of an input voltage corresponding to the detected output level of the first electron gun and an offset signal representative of the offset value, and a second scaled signal by adding a second signal representative of an input voltage corresponding to the detected output level of the second electron gun and the offset signal.

Abstract: To transmit images over a network between an imager and one of several reproduction devices, an correction function is determined which adjusts the image to produce optimal reproductions from the selected device. To derive the correction function, a test pattern image with different gray scale regions is sent to and reproduced by each reproduction device. The optical density of each region in the reproduced test pattern images is measured and employed to derive the correction function. Thereafter, when a image is sent over the network, the correction function for the recipient reproduction device is applied to produce a corrected image which is sent over the network.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter is described for a multimedia system in which the magnitude of the analog output is controlled by signals applied to level select inputs of the digital to analog converter. Digital signals to be converted to an analog output are connected to a different set of inputs. This converter is advantageous for use in a display system where the brightness of the display may be independently controlled by the signals applied to the level select inputs. In this way, the digital information signals to be converted to an analog signal need not be modified to increase or decrease the brightness of the display.

Abstract: A computer display device with digital RGB color signal lines, and horizontal and vertical synchronous signal lines. The controller comprising a means for taking out, from one of the digital RGB color signal lines which consists of an N bit digital signal, a black level signal defined as "0" or "1" in all N bits, and a means for adding the black level signal being taken out to either one of said horizontal and vertical synchronous signal lines. In addition to the controller, the present invention provides a display device including a means, provided within the display device, for extracting said black level signal from the synchronous signal with the black level signal being added, and a means for maintaining a black level potential of the display device at a predetermined value in response to the black level signal being extracted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multiscreen display apparatus in which one large screen is formed by combining screens of a plurality of display units. The multiscreen display apparatus includes data converters respectively provided in the display units, the data converters receiving video signal data represented in a digital form and correcting the video signal data according to correction data obtained on the basis of display characteristics of the display units to make luminance or color shading of a plurality of divisional regions of the screen of each display unit uniform, and a control unit for controlling data correction operations of the plurality of data converters as a whole.

Abstract: Gamma correction or other power Power functions and other self-similar functions are generated for correcting the light intensity for digital pixels implemented in hardware. Two levels of mapping of segments are preformed to reduce the total number of segments for a given precision. The A range of inputs is divided into successively smaller segments. Two levels of mapping of segments are performed. Each segment is smaller than the next by a factor of 1/a for a first or primary level, or 1/b for a second level of segments. All inputs are mapped of scaled up to the input range of the largest segment in the primary level. Then the largest primary segment is further divided into several second-level segments, and the input is again mapped or scaled into the largest of the second-level segments. Gamma correction The function is performed on the input scaled into the largest second-level segment. A linear approximation within the largest second-level segment is used.