Abstract: An optical design is described to be used in a color projection system. The system comprises a white light source (52), a light splitting means to split the white beam into color subbeams, optical components to direct each color subbeam on a light modulating means (56) and a dichroic prism (70). The light splitting means and the optical components are arranged such that each of the images of the color subbeams imaged on the light modulating means (56) has equal size and orientation, i.e. such that the magnification of the color subimage on the light modulating means (56) is equal. This is obtained by providing equal light paths for each color subbeam or by providing optical components such that either all different color images on the screen are inverted or none of the different color images are inverted.

Abstract: An image displaying apparatus is capable of maintaining the contrast ratios of displayed images even if the f-value of an optical system of the apparatus is lowered to provide bright images, efficiently utilizing a beam from a light source, minimizing the size and weight of the optical system, and being easy to manufacture. The image displaying apparatus includes first to third reflective polarizing plates (120, 121, 122) provided for first to third reflective spatial light modulators (130, 131, 132), respectively. The reflective polarizing plates polarize and separate beams to be injected into the reflective spatial light modulators. In the image displaying apparatus, a color separating optical system has a larger effective diameter than a color composition prism (140).

Abstract: A reflective lighting optical system minimizes a back focusing distance and a depth of the system, and improves a lighting efficiency by disposing a wire grid type PBS (Polarized Beam Splitter) at an oblique angle with respect to a short side of an imager.

Abstract: This specification discloses a polarizing. element for dividing light into first and second polarized lights differing in polarized state from each other by a polarizing dividing surface, directing the first polarized light in a first direction, reflecting the second polarized light by a reflecting surface and directing it in the first direction, and varying the polarized state of at least one of the first and second polarized lights to thereby make the polarized states of the first and second polarized lights coincident with each other, characterized in that the polarizing dividing surface is disposed on one surface of a plane parallel plate and the reflecting surface is disposed on the other surface of the plane parallel plate, and the light enters obliquely from the one surface or the other surface. The specification also discloses a polarizing conversion unit provided with such polarizing element, and a projector provided with such polarizing conversion unit.

Abstract: An improved light beam combiner is disclosed that creates a more uniform light source across the UV, Visual, and NIR range. It is an optical mechanical device made up of a standard high low dielectric thin film which, when placed at a 45 degree angle between a Deuterium lamp and a Halogen or Tungsten lamp, reflects the UV portion of a Deuterium lamp and passes the visual portion while also allowing the visual energy of a Halogen or Tungsten lamp to pass resulting in a more uniform light source for use in spectroscopy.

Abstract: The invention provides a holder frame, optical device and projector which can prevent the substrate from deviating in position, the substrate from being compressed at the outer periphery and color unevenness from occurring. More particularly, in the four sides of a luminous-flux incident surface of a holder frame, there can be formed a plurality of cutouts extending from a vicinity of an opening to an outer edge of the luminous-flux incident surface and nearly orthogonal to a lengthwise of each side. Also, in the four sides of an accommodating surface of the holder frame, there are formed a plurality of cutouts extending from a vicinity of an opening to an outer edge of the accommodating surface and nearly orthogonal to a lengthwise of each side. The cutouts in each side of the accommodating surface of the holder frame are formed in positions between the cutouts formed in each side of the luminous-flux incident surface of the holder frame as viewed from a side of luminance-flux incidence.

Abstract: The invention provides a fixing plate, optical device and projector capable of preventing against color unevenness occurrence and pixel deviation. Specifically, in each of the four sides of a luminous-flux exit surface of a plate part of a fixing plate, there can alternately be formed a first cutout in a groove form extending from an opening toward an outer edge of the plate part and nearly orthogonal to a lengthwise of each side, and a second cutout in a groove form extending from the outer edge toward the opening and nearly orthogonal to the lengthwise of each side.

Abstract: To provide a projection type video display capable of reliably preventing a double image from being produced. A first light flux producer for producing a first light flux and a second light flux producer for producing a second light flux are arranged on the light emission side of a lamp. The light flux producer comprises a condenser lens, a rod integrator, and a pair of lenses. Lights passing through the pair of lenses are respectively refracted by condenser lenses, and are respectively introduced into first and second areas of a liquid crystal display panel in such a manner as to cross an optical surface in a color separating and mixing sector.

Abstract: To provide an image display device and a projector having a brightness or an excellent utilization efficiency of the light by improving the display performance of a moving picture.

Abstract: An optical unit for projection type image display apparatus, by which the occurrence of registration deviation can be restrained and projected images of high contrast can be obtained, is disclosed. This optical unit comprises a first optical element which performs at least one of color separation and color combination; a holding member attached to the first optical element; and a second optical element which optically acts on one of incident light on the first optical element and emergent light from the first optical element. The linear expansion coefficients a1, a2, and a3 of the materials forming the first optical element, the second optical element, and the holding member have the following relationship: a1<a3?a2.

Abstract: Multi-directional optical elements are disclosed that include a body having a first side having a first curvature, a second side having a second curvature, a third side having a third curvature, and a fourth side having a fourth curvature. The second side is disposed generally opposite the first side along a first direction and a fourth side is disposed generally opposite the third side along a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction. Also disclosed are optical systems utilizing such multi-directional optical elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compact, light, inexpensive reflection type liquid crystal projector optical unit or reflection type liquid crystal projector which provides high brightness without contrast deterioration caused by light leakage associated with black image display. The unit or projector uses, as a polarizer/analyzer for a reflection liquid crystal panel, a reflection polarizing plate which functions as a polarizing plate by its grating function only in a specific direction. It also uses an auxiliary polarizer and an absorption auxiliary analyzer. Their reflection axis or absorption axis is adjusted according to the characteristic of the reflection liquid crystal panel so as to minimize light leakage associated with black image display.

Abstract: In a reflection-type image projecting unit, being applicable into a reflection-type image display apparatus, being superior in contrast and achieving small-sizing of the apparatus, together with a light source for use therein, a light flux including three (3) color components, R, G and B, emitted from a light source portion 100, are modulated and synthesized by means of reflection-type liquid crystal panels 221, 222 and 223 in an optical engine 200, which is constructed with three (3) prism-like polarization light beam splitters, to be emitted thereform, wherein those three (3) prism-like polarization light beam splitters are so displosed, that the G-component light of the three component lights R, G and B modulated on the reflection-type liquid crystal panel elements penetrates through two (2) of the prism-like polarization light beam splittrers 231 and 232, to be emitted therefrom, while the others, the B-component light and the R-component light penetrate therethrough after being reflected thereupon, or th

Abstract: When a video signal is inputted to a projector (10) through a video input terminal, a luminance peak value of an image of the video signal is detected by an image-analyzing circuit (61) to be outputted to a CPU (71). A gain-adjusting circuit (63) adjusts a luminance signal in the video signal based on a command from the CPU (71). The CPU (71) determines a gain adjustment amount based on the luminance peak value of the image obtained by the image-analyzing circuit (61) and outputs the result to the gain-adjusting circuit (63). For instance, when the luminance peak value (Ip) of the image is 50% of the upper limit (Imax) thereof, a gain-adjusting amount AG is doubled. In this case, an illuminating light volume of a light valve (44a) has to be reduced to 50%, which is achieved by light-attenuation by a light-source lamp (21) and an open/close light shield (23).

Abstract: A projection apparatus including a polarization conversion system to convert light having a first polarization component; a color recycling system, which separates the light into first and second color lights, to transmit and reflect the first and second color lights; an image forming system including a first reflective panel and a second reflective panel, which respectively modulate the first and second color lights, and a third reflective panel, which modulates the third color light; and an optical path conversion system, which splits the optical paths of fourth and fifth color lights incident from the color recycling system such that the first color light in the fourth color light is directed to the first reflective panel, the second color light in the fifth color light is directed to the second reflective panel, and the third color light in the fourth and fifth color light is directed to the third reflective panel.

Abstract: In order to provide a liquid crystal projector that prevents the image burn-in phenomenon or image sticking in a liquid crystal projector of ferroelectric liquid crystal, and moreover, that provides a bright projected image, the polarization directions of linearly polarized light beams that are irradiated upon a liquid crystal display device are switched in synchronization with the alternate reversal of the polarity of the liquid crystal display device, whereby a negative image, which could not be displayed in the prior art, can be converted to a positive image and displayed.

Abstract: A projector for projecting an image to an external screen in which an optical unit, includes rectangular liquid crystal panels disposed such that the short sides thereof are substantially parallel with a plane including principal light beams of the respective color light beams to be composited by a prism. Transmission cables are drawn out from the short sides of the respective liquid crystal panels, and a cooling fan is disposed such that the direction of cooling air is approximately parallel with the long sides of the liquid crystal panels.

Abstract: An image display apparatus and method is disclosed that can prevent shot-sneaking of an image displayed by a projector apparatus. The projector apparatus embeds a display image portion in which the same color is represented with another color space of R, Cy, and B by color space conversion as a shot-sneaking preventing image portion into an original image as a display image for which a color space of R, G, and B is used to reproduce a color. The shot-sneaking preventing image portion appears to the visual sense of the human being as the same color as that of the oringinal image. However, the color component values of R and B are different in terms of the color component values of R and B between the color space of R, G, and B and the color space of R, Cy, and B. Therefore, for example, if a camera that picks up an image in accordance with the R, G, B method is used to pick up an image of the display image, then the picked-up display image is reproduced in a color different from the original color.

Abstract: A video projection system (50) comprises a rotary disc (31) having light guiding devices (35) extending radially thereof and in a helical configuration circumferentially at the disc (31) and corresponding in number to the number of lines to be scanned on a screen (48) the arrangement being such that, as the disc (31) rotates, a light bundle is directed through successive devices (35) which cause the bundle to be scanned on the screen (48).

Abstract: A color-separating and -recombining optical system provided between a light source and a projection lens in a projection display, has at least one prism assembly made up of at least two prisms bonded to each other with a bonding layer formed between the prisms. A white light emitted from the light source is divided into red-, green-, and blue-color light components related to primary colors. The light components are modulated by spatial light modulators in accordance with a video signal. The modulated light components are combined and projected onto a screen via the projection lens. The thickness of the bonding layer is varied as thin and thick for optical paths long and short, respectively, from the spatial light modulators to the bonding layer which each modulated light component emitted from the corresponding spatial light modulator reaches.

Abstract: Device comprising: matrices of reflecting elements which can be electrically driven, and means for deconstructing a beam of polychromatic light and means for reconstructing complementary reflected beams, comprising two dichroic filters with a gradient where, for at least one of these filters, the direction of the gradient HOG, H?OG? makes an angle of inclination of non-zero gradient ?, ?? with a plane (DOE, D?OE?) orthogonal to the reflecting surfaces of the matrices. By virtue of the inclination of the gradient, the chromatic performance of the device is substantially improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compact, light, inexpensive reflection type liquid crystal projector optical unit or reflection type liquid crystal projector which provides high brightness without contrast deterioration caused by light leakage associated with black image display. The unit or projector uses, as a polarizer/analyzer for a reflection liquid crystal panel, a reflection polarizing plate which functions as a polarizing plate by its grating function only in a specific direction. It also uses an auxiliary polarizer and an absorption auxiliary analyzer. Their reflection axis or absorption axis is adjusted according to the characteristic of the reflection liquid crystal panel so as to minimize light leakage associated with black image display.

Abstract: A method for restoring a light signal from digital data defining a colorimetric coordinate of the light signal in a specific colorimetric system, comprises the step of generating a first light signal using a first light restoration unit, the step of generating a second light signal using a second light restoration unit, and the step of generating a third light signal obtained by superimposing the first and second light signals. The second light restoration unit covers a brightness dynamics less than the brightness dynamics covered by the first restoration light unit. The second light restoration unit has a brightness resolution finer than the first light restoration unit.

Abstract: A projecting a plurality of red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels to display a color image on a screen. First and second green pixels differing in their positions correspond to red and blue pixels projected on the screen.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus comprises a light source unit; an integrator unit for mixing luminous fluxes emitted from the light source unit so as to homogenize their light quantity distribution; a curved mirror for bending the optical path of luminous fluxes, which are turned into uniform light by the integrator unit, toward a projection unit; and the projection unit for causing the luminous fluxes to carry image information and projecting these luminous fluxes onto a screen.

Abstract: A projection apparatus (10) forms a tiled image (12) on a display surface (14), the tiled image (14) having at least two adjacent image tile segments. The projection apparatus (10) includes an illumination system (16) for providing a first illumination beam having a first polarization state and a second illumination beam having a second polarization state, these illumination beams being substantially non-overlapping. First and second spatial light modulators (20) form first and second modulated light beams from their respective illumination beams. A beam aligner (40) directs these first and second modulated light beams along adjacent parallel paths, in the direction of the optical axis of a projection lens (18). The projection lens (18) directs the first and second modulated beams to the display surface (14) to form the first and second tile segments respectively.

Abstract: A substantially passive optical image processor providing image dissection into orthogonally polarized components each modulated on a pixel-by-pixel basis in one or more encounters with an included polarization-altering modulator element of electrical or optical nature. The modulation-processed images are recombined into an output image of the processor. Alternate arrangements of the invention are also described, arrangements including multiple modulation event processing in a plurality of forms and the accommodation of multiple input and multiple output processor images. Mathematical description of the processor's function is included along with identification of real world uses of the invention. Holographic uses of the invention are also disclosed. The underlying concepts of the invention are viewed as applicable to both present day slower and faster future optical materials.

Abstract: A system and method for using pulses of laser light delivered in a non-overlapping sequence of first pulses at a green wavelength, second pulses at a blue wavelength and semi-continuous pulses at a red wavelength to illuminate a color generation unit for generating a color. Typically, the color generating unit is an image generating unit for producing color images and is equipped with transmissive or reflective pixels which are adjusted to select portions of the laser light generated at the green, blue and red wavelengths to obtain a desired output color. The first and second pulses preferably have a narrow pulse width and an interpulse separation equal to at least 100 times the narrow pulse width, while the semi-continuous pulses at the red wavelength have a wide pulse width equal to at least 100 times the narrow pulse width.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color separating/synthesizing apparatus which uses three polarized beam splitters and one dichroic filter, as compared to a conventional system using four polarized beam splitters, thereby achieving a lightness in weight and a reduction in costs while achieving an improvement in performance.

Abstract: An image display system, e.g. for projection type displays, has an electrically addressed spatial light modulator or EASLM (1) and an optically addressed spatial light modulator or OASLM (5). An image formed on the EASLM (1) is transferred to a part of the OASLM (5) by an image transfer means (3) and the image produced by the OASLM (5) is formed from a plurality of successive images formed by the EASLM.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a display is provided. In the disclosed system, each color required by the display is generated by incoherently combining the beams of tens or hundreds of individual lasers. In order to achieve a full color display, three independent IBC systems are used to generate the required three colors (e.g., red, green and blue). The output from each IBC system is modulated and the three beams are combined to form a single, modulated output beam that is directed to a display scanner.

Abstract: An image edge blender (58) of this invention installs in an unmodified projector (50) in place of the projection lens (52), which then installs at the output end of the image edge blender assembly. The image edge blender includes a relay lens (64) that relays an objective image plane (66) formed in the projector to an intermediate focal plane (68) formed within the image edge blender. An adjustable aperture assembly (70) includes at least one shutter (96) positioned at or near the intermediate focal plane and movable in rotational, parallel, and transverse directions relative to-the optical axis (78).

Abstract: The present invention has as its object to provide a projection type display apparatus which suffers little from the occurrence of the distortion of the surface of a dichroic mirror in a color combining optical system, and the occurrence of the deformation of a projected image by the angular deviation of the surface of the dichroic mirror and in which the correction of the chromatic aberration of magnification of a projection lens is stably possible during mass production. So, the color combining system of the present invention is provided with at least three prisms, two dichroic mirror layers for reflecting lights differing in wavelength area from each other, the two dichroic mirror layers being formed so as not to intersect with each other with one of the three prisms which is located most adjacent to the light exit side interposed therebetween, and at least one optical element having positive or negative refractive power.

Abstract: A spatial light modulating device includes: an electrically-addressed type element for being addressed by electric signals representing information to be written, the electrically-addressed type element including an image display portion having a pixel structure, the electrically-addressed type element being inputted with write light; an optically-addressed type spatial light modulator including a thin film material portion and a pair of substrates, the thin film material portion being provided between the pair of substrates, the thin film material portion having an optical addressing layer and a light modulation layer which are provided one on the other, the optically-addressed type spatial light modulator being inputted with read light; and a compensation layer having a predetermined thickness and provided between the image display portion and the thin film material portion.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a scanning assembly that scans about two or more axes, typically in a raster pattern. A plurality of light sources emit light from spaced apart locations toward the scanning assembly such that the scanning assembly simultaneously scans more than one of the beams. The light sources are positioned such that their beams each illuminate discrete regions of the image field that are substantially non-overlapping with respect to the other discrete regions. The image is thus formed from a set of “tiles”. By activating a first light source during a forward sweep of the mirror and activating a second light source during a reverse sweep of the mirror, two halves a common line can be written during a single sweep of the mirror. Shifting the position of the sources such that the two halves are aligned reduces raster pinch. In alternative embodiments, the same approach is used for imaging.

Abstract: The device includes a) flat mirror (7) formed by adjacent areas (5i, 6i) that are alternately transparent and reflecting with parallel and straight lines of demarcation, b) identical first (4) and second (4′) reflection holograms, each delivering at least one diffracted beam with a predetermined spectral composition, c) illuminating source (1) for illuminating said holograms (4, 4′) at normal incidence by the intermediary of said mirror (7), said holograms (4, 4′) being arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of said mirror (7) in such a way as to be illuminated by the intermediary of transparent (6i) and reflecting (5i) strips, respectively, of mirror (7), and in such a way that the beams diffracted by the first and second holograms are reflected and transmitted, respectively, by reflecting (5i) and transparent (6i) strips, respectively, of mirror (7), in order to be combined into a continuous light beam with said spectral composition.

Abstract: A video image projection apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus uses a laser as a light source and modulates the light beam using a modulator according to an image signal. The apparatus projects the modulated light to a screen using a light scanning system. The laser display system includes three primary color laser light sources, an optical system needed for three-color light combining/separation, a light modulator loading the image signal into the three-color laser, and a driving circuit driving the system by processing the video signal electronically. A hybrid video laser color mixer has a structure that combines very small-sized hybrid light beam combining/separation optical elements and a 3-channel light modulator. It allows the size of the image projection apparatus to be about 6 by 5 by 3 centimeters. Additionally, the light alignment of the elements is close to self-alignment.

Abstract: A video projection system for projecting more than one picture in which a light source for generating at least one light bundle, an intensity modulator and a spatial light bundle modulator, wherein they are controlled by a video signal, and at least one projection surface for displaying a determined quantity or quantities of individual pictures are arranged in the direction of light of a beam path. The video projection system contains a quantity or quantities of projectors which correspond(s) to the quantity or quantities of individual pictures, each projector having a spatial light bundle modulator, wherein they are optically connected with the light source. The light bundle is divided into a quantity or quantities of partial light bundles which correspond(s) to the quantity of projectors are arranged following the one light source, considered in the direction of the beam path, each of which partial light bundles has a partial beam path, followed in each partial beam path by an intensity modulator.

Abstract: In a device for the deflection of a light bundle generated by a light source, wherein this device has a nonmechanical deflection device in which the light bundle enters and exits at a different angle determined by a controlling variable, which angle depends on the wavelength of every light component in the light bundle, it is provided that an optically dispersively active system is provided behind the nonmechanical deflection device in the light propagation direction, wherein the angular dispersion of this system is dependent on the angle of the light bundle entering the system, wherein the angular dispersion compensates for the wavelength dependence of the angle of the nonmechanical deflection device determined by the controlling variable.

Abstract: A projection type picture display apparatus, includes a light source; a polarizing beam splitter capable of reflecting or transmitting an incident light; a decomposing/synthesizing prism assembly capable of receiving a reflected light from the polarizing beam splitter to decompose the incident light into red, green and blue lights, also capable of receiving reflected red, green and blue lights to synthesize these lights so as to produce a synthesized light; a plurality of reflective type liquid crystal displays capable of receiving, modulating and reflecting red, green and blue lights; a projection optical system capable of receiving a picture light passing through the polarizing beam splitter to project an enlarged picture on a screen.

Abstract: The projector apparatus comprises an image signal processor for generating color drive signals of at least four channels, which correspond to at least four kinds of colors including the colors selected according to the spectrum of the light source, from the three primary color image signals; a light-splitting device for splitting the light from the light source into at least four kinds of lights according to the colors corresponding to the color drive signals generated in the image signal processor; light valves, each of which comprises a liquid crystal element driven by the color drive signal for modulating each of the light splitted from that of the light source by the light-splitting device; and a combining device for combining each of components of light modulated by the light valves.

Abstract: Apparatus are disclosed that provide a high-luminance projected image with no color shading or uneven contrast. Light from a light source undergoes color separation by passing through a color-separation optical system (e.g., a cross-dichroic mirror or cross-dichroic prism). The light from the light source can also be split into first and second polarized lights by passage through, e.g., a first polarized-light beamsplitter (PBS). Each color-separated light is modulated by a respective color-signal light valve and undergoes color combining by, e.g., a cross-dichroic prism. The second polarized light, if formed, is modulated by a luminance-signal light valve, undergoes color combining and polarized-light combining by, e.g., a second PBS, and is projected by a projection lens (that comprises an aperture stop). The PBSs, cross-dichroic mirrors, and cross-dichroic prisms are situated where principal rays (defined by the aperture stop) are parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: A projection display device wherein a modulated laser beam is scanned across a viewing surface by a system of rotating mirrors. A correcting mirror is provided for introducing small variations in the path of the beam. An instantaneous position of the beam on the viewing surface is monitored and a deviation between the actual pattern traversed by the beam and a predetermined scanning pattern is detected. The angular position of the correcting mirror is adjusted to reduce the deviation between the actual scanning pattern and the predetermined scanning pattern.

Abstract: An image projection system employing microlaser and/or diode laser arrays. Each laser in each array is individually addressable. The system includes three linear laser arrays, one red, one green, and one blue, each individually addressable laser being powered and modulated in accordance with the input image signal. When microlaser arrays, which are energized by laser diode pumps, are used, the laser diode pumps are formed in equivalent arrays. The laser output beams are combined in a dichroic prism and reflected off a rotating multifaceted scanning mirror which effects two dimensional scanning as it rotates. The image beam reflected from the scanner passes through an imaging lens, a speckle eliminator and then onto the projection screen. The invention also includes the method of generating and scanning the image beam, as well as the novel speckle eliminator and the microlaser array configured for optimally close spacing to achieve the desired result.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed that provides a high-luminance projected image with no color shading or uneven contrast. Light from a light source undergoes color separation by passing through a color-separation optical system (e.g., a cross-dichroic mirror or cross-dichroic prism). The light from the light source can also be split into first and second polarized lights by passage through, e.g., a first polarized-light beamsplitter (PBS). Each color-separated light is modulated by a respective color-signal light valve and undergoes color combining by, e.g., a cross-dichroic prism. The second polarized light, if formed, is modulated by a luminance-signal light valve, undergoes color combining and polarized-light combining by, e.g., a second PBS, and is projected by a projection lens (that comprises an aperture stop). The PBSs, cross-dichroic mirrors, and cross-dichroic prisms are situated where principal rays (defined by the aperture stop) are parallel to the optical axis.

Abstract: In a projection type image display device for combining an image by dichroic mirrors in a form of parallel plane plate, a projected image of high picture quality is presented by suppressing the astigmatism. In a projection type image display device comprising a light source for emitting blue light, green light, and red light, liquid crystal panels for modulating individual color lights, dichroic mirrors for combining the modulated lights, dichroic mirrors for combining the modulated lights, and a projection lens for projecting the combined light, the dichroic mirrors are disposed obliquely on a first plane including an optical axis linking the projection lens and liquid crystal panels, and a parallel plane plate for correcting astigmatism is disposed obliquely on a second plane orthogonal to the first plane.

Abstract: A light source for projecting rectangular color light bands includes a white-light source, a color separation device for separating the white light into red, green and blue components, and separate optics for forming images of rectangular red, green and blue light bands at predetermined positions. The light source is particularly useful in projection television apparatus having single panel light valves.

Abstract: The present invention provides a video projector equipped with a projection lens system having only one optical axis for projecting a plurality color images displayed on a plurality of CRTs. The color images displayed on the CRTs 2R, 2B and 2G are respectively focused onto a writing side of respective spatial light modulators 4R, 4G and 4B through a plurality of writing lens 3R, 3G and 3B. On the other hand, a light from a reading light source 5 is divided into 3-color lights of R, G and B by a cross-type 3-color separation member 25. The three color lights are respectively inputted into a reading side of the respective spatial light modulators through a plurality of polarization beam splitter blocks 26R, 26G and 26B each having a pair of dielectric multiple layers 26a, 26b disposed parallel to each other.

Abstract: A dichroic mirror for reflecting red light for optical separating and a dichroic mirror for reflecting red light for optical synthesizing are installed on the same plane in an image generating apparatus of the present invention. In addition, a dichroic mirror for reflecting blue light for optical separating and a dichroic mirror for reflecting blue light for optical synthesizing are installed on the same plane. Accordingly, a compact configuration can be realized. Since a main reflecting mirror is a rotating elliptic mirror and a lamp is located on a focus or around the focus, a lighting equipment which irradiates conic luminous flux can be realized.

Abstract: A projection screen is provided having a construction well-suited for effecting lateral color constancy in rear screen projection display systems. The inventive projection screen comprises a rigid light-transmissive faceplate and a homogenizing holographic transmission diffuser element proximate said faceplate. The holographic transmission diffuser element is made such that, upon illumination of an area of said diffuser element with a light beam having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm, and impinging at an incident input angle of .+-.0.degree. to 30.degree.