Abstract: External light is reflected due to a difference in refractive indices of a black matrix and a glass substrate. When the black matrix is a black resin, there is a difference in refractive indices of the black resin and a first substrate. Also, there is a difference in refractive indices of the colored layer and the first substrate. Therefore, external light is slightly reflected. There is a problem in that the reflected light reduces contrast. A structure in which one polarizing element having dichroism is interposed between a pair of substrates is employed, and a light interference layer is provided between a color filter and a glass substrate, whereby a difference in refractive indices is moderated to reduce light reflection.

Abstract: A novel integral image recognition/display apparatus includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor and peripheral driving circuits for driving them, has both image recognition function and display function, and is constituted into an “intelligent” configuration. This display apparatus includes a plurality of pixel portions each having an active device and arranged in matrix, an active matrix substrate using an electrode for the pixel portion and a plurality of sensor portions arranged in matrix on the active matrix substrate, wherein the sensor portion has a photoelectric conversion device, and reads information by utilizing the rays of light transmitting through the light-transmitting material when an external image is read.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus containing an image sensor, which comprises a liquid crystal display part comprising an active matrix circuit, a peripheral driver circuit for driving the active matrix circuit, and a sensor part, integrated on one substrate, wherein the sensor part is sealed and protected with a sealing part and a counter substrate.

Abstract: An optical compensation film used for a liquid crystal display comprising a support and an optically anisotropic layer is disclosed. The optically anisotropic layer is a layer on which orientation of the liquid crystalline compound is fixed and the support is an optically biaxial cellulose ester film. A polarizing plate used for a liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display employing the optical compensation film are also disclosed.

Abstract: A full color display and photocell device (100) includes a fast response liquid crystal display (105) that has a rate of at least 75 monochrome frames per second, a transparent panel light (140) behind the fast response LCD that can emit a monochromatic light beam having a selected one of three colors, and a photovoltaic cell (150) behind the transparent panel light that converts light energy emanating from the transparent panel light into electrical energy. The full color display and photocell device (100) may also include a controller (160) that synchronizes information coupled to the fast response LCD and controls the transparent panel light to emit a sequence of monochromatic light beams of three colors.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus containing an image sensor, which comprises a liquid crystal display part comprising an active matrix circuit, a peripheral driver circuit for driving the active matrix circuit, and a sensor part, integrated on one substrate, wherein the sensor part is sealed and protected with a sealing part and a counter substrate.

Abstract: A substrate is plotted into a plurality of blocks, and each block is plotted into one or a plurality of device-forming regions. By using a first manufacturing line, a conductive film, an insulating film and a semiconductor film which constitute TFT are formed in the device-forming region. Then, primary cutting is performed to cut the substrate into the respective blocks and form a plurality of sub-TFT substrates. Then, by using a second manufacturing line, processing is performed for each sub-TFT substrate in accordance with specifications of a liquid crystal panel to be manufactured. Then, secondary cutting is performed to cut the sub-TFT substrate into respective device-forming regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device that includes a substrate, a metal layer formed over the substrate, a color filter layer formed over the metal layer, an insulating film, made of photosensitive material, formed between the metal layer and the color filter layer to physically and electrically isolate the metal layer from the color filter layer, and a pixel electrode formed over the color filter layer.

Abstract: A method of planarizing an image sensor substrate is disclosed. The method comprises depositing a first polymer layer over the image sensor substrate. The first polymer layer is patterned to form pillars. Then, a second polymer layer is deposited over the pillars. Optionally, the second polymer layer is etched back.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus containing an image sensor, which comprises a liquid crystal display part comprising an active matrix circuit, a peripheral driver circuit for driving the active matrix circuit, and a sensor part, integrated on one substrate, wherein the sensor part is sealed and protected with a sealing part and a counter substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a transparent conductive film at a low temperature that is suitable for use with a synthetic resin substrate. According to the production method of a substrate with an electrode of the present invention, an oxide conductive film composed of an amorphous material or mainly composed of an amorphous material is formed on a substrate at a temperature equal to or less than the crystallization temperature of the film, and subsequently, the formed oxide conductive film is crystallized by heating. The oxide conductive film is processed into the shape of an electrode either before or after crystallization, according to necessity.

Abstract: In a spatial light modulation device using a reflection type spatial light modulator, read light is a P-polarized light that falls incident on the light reflection layer 17 at a slant. Liquid crystal in the light modulation layer 17 is oriented so as to incline, in association with the application of voltage by the driving circuit 2, within a plane that is parallel to a normal plane which includes the optical axes of both of the incident, read light and the output, modulated light.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an integrated, reflective bistable, cholesteric liquid crystal display and solar cell assembly providing electrical energy to power display electronics. The liquid crystal display includes the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material sandwiched between first and second transparent substrates. An inner surface of the first substrate and an inner surface of the second substrate bound the layer of liquid crystal material and the first substrate is closest to a viewer of the display. A first set of conductive electrodes is disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate and a second set of conductive electrodes is disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate. Display driver circuitry is electrically coupled to the first and the second sets of conductive electrodes for generating desired voltage differentials between electrodes of the first set of conductive electrodes and electrodes of the second set of conductive electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus containing an image sensor, which comprises a liquid crystal display part comprising an active matrix circuit, a peripheral driver circuit for driving the active matrix circuit, and a sensor part, integrated on one substrate, wherein the sensor part is sealed and protected with a sealing part and a counter substrate.

Abstract: In an arrangement and a method for electrically controlling the intensity of non-polarized light, a polarizing beam splitter is acted upon by the light to be controlled via an input face such that the light is split into two polarized light bundles that are orthogonal with respect to each other. Provision is made that a first reflecting device is configured for the reflection of at least one of the polarized light bundles, so that both polarized light bundles run in parallel. At least one electro-optical element is provided in a path of the parallel running polarized light bundles. The polarization is changed as a function of the supplied control voltage. Also provided is a second reflecting device for reflecting the light bundles in the opposite direction.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a reflecting plate having excellent reflecting characteristics and a reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus having an improved display quality. A mask has a plurality of basic uneven spot patterns for individual pixels, and two or more uneven regions for at least one basic uneven spot pattern are formed. Any two of the two or more uneven regions appear at least in a relation of parallel displacement in which the uneven spot patterns are displaced in parallel with each other, among relations of parallel displacement, rotational displacement and reversal of uneven spot pattern, and the uneven regions are irregularly arranged. A reflecting plate and a reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus both having convexes are manufactured by an exposure of a photosensitive resin film using the mask. Even in the case where an exposure step is repeated in different positions, no seam is observed.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device including a picture display function and a picture capturing function on the same substrate. The semiconductor device includes a pixel matrix, an image sensor, and a peripheral circuit for driving those, which are provided on the same substrate. Moreover, in the semiconductor device, the structure/manufacturing process of the image sensor is made coincident with the structure/manufacturing process of the pixel matrix and the peripheral driver circuit, so that the semiconductor device can be manufactured at low cost.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between a device substrate and an opposite substrate wherein the device substrate includes: a plurality of switching elements disposed at a plurality of locations determined by data signal interconnections and scanning signal interconnections; and a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed at locations corresponding to the plurality of switching elements, the plurality of pixel elements being connected to the corresponding switching elements, and wherein the opposite substrate includes an opposite electrode disposed opposite to the pixel electrodes, the active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus being characterized in that: a light shielding layer having electrical conductivity is disposed at least partially on the data signal interconnections or the scanning signal interconnections via an insulating layer; the pixel electrodes are disposed on the light shielding layer via a second insulating layer; and a vo

Abstract: Known LCD projectors, used for example in TV sets, can only be manually adjusted for the compensation of the changing color spectrum of the lamp due to its aging process. An LCD projector according to the invention further comprises an image sensor to measure the light intensity of the lamp. In a color adjusting circuit the image color is compensated as a function of the measured signal by controlling the LCD valve.

Abstract: A programmable hologram generator comprises a layered structure of a pixelated VLSI chip, a reflective ferroelectric liquid crystal that is physically disposed on the VLSI chip, and a photorefractive crystal that is physically disposed on the liquid crystal. The VLSI chip is controlled by a computer wherein holograms are digitally stored. The reflective state of the individual pixel areas of the liquid crystal are controlled or selected by this computer control of the VLSI chip. A desired hologram is written into the photorefractive crystal by a reference beam that illuminates the photorefractive crystal, and by an illumination beam that is reflected from the selected pixels of the liquid crystal and thereafter interferes with the reference beam. The hologram that is written into the photorefractive crystal is a function of the control of the reflective state of the pixels of the liquid crystal, as this reflective state is in turn controlled by the pixels of the VLSI chip.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device (10) capable of displaying dark characters on a light background, for example a paper white type display, having an LC medium (20), such as PDLC material, switchable between a state in which ambient light incident on one side is back scattered towards a viewer and a state in which incident visible light is transmitted through the medium to a light absorber at the other side so that a viewer perceives a dark display, and in which a photovoltaic structure (25) is used as the light absorber for generating an output voltage in response to the visible light transmitted thereto. In equipment such as a portable computer or the like, the generated power can be utilised to supplement a battery power supply (45).

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes at least an image display device, a light source for illuminating the image display device, a light-receiving device for receiving the light reflected from the eye of an observer, and a calculation device for calculating the line of sight of the observer based on the output of the light-receiving means. At least part of the illuminating light from the light source is utilized as the illuminating light for illuminating the eye of the observer.

Abstract: An optically addressed, optical relaying device placed between crossed polarizers utilizes an array of pixels made up of photodetectors, circuitry, and modulating pads, and an analog liquid crystal to modulate the intensity of an optical signal on a pixel by pixel basis. The photodetector generates a current proportional to the light detected. Once the current exceeds a certain level, the circuitry stores a charge on the modulating pad proportional to the photo-induced current. This stored charge rotates the molecules of the liquid crystal thereby rotating the polarization of the light signal. The output polarizer then attenuates the light beam according to the change in polarization.

Abstract: A dark current sensing device provided in an electro-developing type camera with an electro-developing recording medium, to sense a resistance of an electrostatic information recording medium provided in an electro-developing recording medium. A dark current sensing resistor is connected to the electrostatic information recording medium in series, and a capacitor is connected to the dark current sensing resistor in parallel. A voltage sensing unit is connected to the dark current sensing resistor and the capacitor in parallel to sense a voltage generated in the dark current sensing resistor. The product of the resistant value of the resistor and the capacity of the capacitor is approximately equal to the product of the resistant value and the capacity of the electrostatic information recording medium.

Abstract: An optical information processor according to the present invention comprises a spatial light modulator 1 illuminated by linearly polarized coherent light and a linear polarization detector element 2 for detecting light diffracted by the spatial light modulator 1, wherein a rotatory polarization element of the spatial light modulator 1 is arranged in such a manner that the direction of the major molecular axis 11 thereof at the incident light side substantially conforms to the linear polarization axis direction (Y-axis direction) of the coherent light and the linear polarization detector element 2 is arranged in such a manner that the detecting axis 21 thereof crosses substantially at right angles with the major polarization axis of the zero-order diffracted light 4 included in the diffracted light described above.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module capable of being oriented by hand with respect to the sun including an electrically activated display device for generating a visual informational display which indicates at least the power generating effectiveness of the module for its instantaneous orientation with respect to the sun, and an array of photovoltaic cells for generating a first power output for a load and a second power output for activating the display device and a third power output signal for the display device indicating the power generating effectiveness of the module.

Abstract: The active matrix liquid crystal display panel comprises a matrix of predetermined color filters, arranged in a predetermined configuration within a viewing area, deposited on a first substrate, and a first plate of an activating element is deposited over the matrix of predetermined color filters. A plurality of second plates of the activating element is deposited on a second substrate opposite each color filter. When a predetermined second plate is activated, light is permitted to pass through the corresponding filter, the light exiting the first substrate having the color of the corresponding filter. A plurality of thin film transistors is deposited on the second substrate and forms the control elements, each control element corresponding to a corresponding second plate of the activating element, the control element selecting predetermined second plate in response to control signals. The display panel includes a liquid crystal material filled in a space between the first and second substrate.

Abstract: In a reflective liquid crystal display comprising a first insulative plate having a reflector, a second insulative plate having a transparent electrode, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the reflector and the transparent electrode, a convex-concave surface is provided at the side of the second insulative plate. With this arrangement, a desired light scattering characteristics is realized with a high image quality and a high brightness, with neither a fuzziness of displayed characters nor a double image. On the other hand, since no thin film transistor is formed at the side of the second insulative plate, the convex-concave surface can be simply formed with no necessity of depositing an insulating film covering the thin film transistor and patterning the deposited insulating film.

Abstract: The invention provides a system in which a photoelectric sensor having a transparent electrode and a photoconductive layer formed on a transparent substrate in this order is opposed to a liquid crystal recording medium having a transparent electrode and a polymer dispersion type of liquid crystal layer formed on a transparent substrate in this order, and voltage is applied between both the electrodes for exposure to image-carrying light, so that the liquid crystals are oriented to record the information.

Abstract: A liquid crystal image displaying/reading apparatus includes a first transparent substrate; a second transparent substrate placed in parallel with the first transparent substrate with a fixed space therebetween; a set of display electrodes formed on the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate so that a plurality of display pixels arranged in a matrix with a prescribed gap therebetween are formed at the first transparent substrate; a plurality of light receiving elements formed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate at the position facing the gap for receiving light to convert the light into current; a reading device formed at the position facing the gap with the light receiving elements interposed for reading a signal received by the light receiving elements; and liquid crystal loaded between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, wherein the reading device includes a first transparent reading electrode formed on the

Abstract: The invention provides a system in which a photoelectric sensor having a transparent electrode and a photoconductive layer formed on a transparent substrate in this order is opposed to a liquid crystal recording medium having a transparent electrode and a polymer dispersion type of liquid crystal layer formed on a transparent substrate in this order, and voltage is applied between both the electrodes for exposure to image-carrying light, so that the liquid crystals are oriented to record the information.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device including a transmission-type liquid-crystal panel for displaying an image, a power source circuit for driving the liquid-crystal panel, a solar-cell panel disposed behind the liquid-crystal panel so as to be excited by external light transmitted through the liquid-crystal panel for generating electromotive force to thereby charge the power source circuit, and a liquid-crystal shutter provided between the liquid-crystal panel and the solar-cell panel for controlling the amount of external light to be transmitted to the solar-cell panel. In the device, the power source circuit can be sufficiently charged by the electromotive force from the solar-cell panel to prolong the operating time of the displayed device without increasing the area for installation of the solar-cell panel.

Abstract: An adaptive optics system which simultaneously measures the phase function and corrects the phase distortion of a wavefront using a liquid crystal device placed in an interferometer. The liquid crystal device inserts the conjugate phase function in the path and obtains a null in the interference pattern.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spatial light modulator having a light shielding layer having a high resistivity and a high light shielding characteristic capable of improving a contrast ratio without causing image defects. The spatial light modulator has at least a first transparent electrode 14, a photoconductive layer 18, a light shielding layer 12, a light reflecting layer 11, a photomodulation layer 10, and a second transparent electrode 16 stacked in this order. A driving power source 18 is connected across the pair of the transparent electrodes. the light shielding layer is made of a germanium oxide containing an amount of oxygen from 25 to 50 at % or a germanium oxide containing at least one additive selected from a group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Co and Ni within 20 at % defined as an atomic ratio of the additive to a combination of the additive and germanium. Further, a laminated structure composed of germanium oxide layers and SiO.sub.2 layers are adopted as the light shielding layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a TFT or active element substrate on which TFTs and pixel electrodes are arranged in the form of a matrix, a counter substrate having a counter electrode formed thereon and arranged to oppose the active element substrate, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer arranged between the active element substrate and the counter substrate and having a polymer resin and a liquid crystal which are dispersed, and a fluorescent film arranged on the pixel electrode. The device displays an image by controlling scattering, absorption, and transmission of light passing through the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. The phosphor film converts part of supplied light into fluorescent light having a predetermined wavelength and outputs colored light. Light used for a display is increased in intensity by the fluorescent light emitted from the phosphor film, thereby displaying a bright image.

Abstract: This invention provides a liquid crystal polarization handedness switch, and optical devices employing the handedness switch in conjunction with optical elements which are sensitive to the handedness of incident light. The handedness switch receives unpolarized light and converts it into circularly polarized light with switchable handedness. In combination with cholesteric circular polarizers, switchable color filters are provided. The color filters of this invention include the analogous x-y polarization switch combined with colored partial polarizers. The liquid crystals employed in the color filter of this invention can include SmC*, SmA*, antiferroelectric, DHF, achiral ferroelectric and twisted nematic liquid crystals.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display of TFT active matrix type, the direction of orientation vectors of liquid crystal molecules are controlled for providing a wide viewing angle and preventing occurrence of disclination from making a rough display screen. With an orientation control electrode disposed on the periphery of a display electrode, an orientation control window, an electrode nonexistent portion, is formed in a common electrode and the potential difference between the orientation control electrode and the common electrode is set smaller than that between the display electrode and the common electrode. Alternatively, an orientation control window is likewise formed in the display electrode and the potential difference between the orientation control electrode, and the common electrode is set larger than that between the display electrode and the common electrode.

Abstract: An optical wave guide, an optical input device, fabrication methods thereof, and a liquid crystal display apparatus using the optical wave guide and optical input device are disclosed. The optical wave guide includes: a core region having a refractive index n.sub.c through which an optical signal is transmitted; and a cladding layer in which low refractive index layers having a refractive index n.sub.1 and high refractive index layers having a refractive index n.sub.h are alternately deposited. A side face of the core region is covered with the cladding layer, and the refractive indices satisfy conditions of n.sub.1 <n.sub.h, and n.sub.1 <n.sub.c. The optical input device includes: a transparent substrate; the optical wave guide formed in the transparent substrate; an optical input portion; and a plurality of optical output portions for connecting a side face of the optical wave guide to a surface of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A reversible display medium comprising substrate 1 having thereon recording layer 2 containing a side chain type high polymeric liquid crystal capable of repeatedly and reversibly switching between a transparent state and a light-scattered state by the action of heat, an electrical field or a magnetic field, wherein said side chain type high polymeric liquid crystal is a copolymer comprising at least one liquid crystal monomer unit and at least one non-liquid crystal monomer unit having a hydrogen bond-forming substituent, e.g., a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic group or a phosphoric group. The display medium is excellent in durability on repeated use, heat sensitivity, display contrast, and record preservability.

Abstract: A device and a method for inputting/outputting an image are disclosed. The device includes: an image display section which selectively transmits light; and an image input section having a photodetective portion for converting part of the light which has been transmitted through the image display section and reflected from an original surface to be imaged, into an electric signal. The method is performed by using the device.

Abstract: The information recording medium of the present invention comprises an information recording layer made of acrylic resin or metacrylic resin 11 being laminated on an electrode layer 13, a liquid crystal phase 12 being dispersed and fixed on said information recording layer, whereby said acrylic resin or metacrylic resin has weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 100,000, electrostatic information can be permanently recorded and stored as visible information, and the visible information can be reproduced at any desired time. Further, the visible information can be easily erased by heating, and medium can be re-used.

Abstract: An arrangement for optical autocorrelation of laser speckle photography (LSP) photographs or particle image velocimetry (PIV) photographs using optical Fourier transforms is disclosed. The object of providing an electro-optical arrangement for optical correlation of LSP film recordings and PIV film recordings which is simple to produce and accurate is met by using an optically addressable liquid crystal SLM (spatial light modulator) for producing the Young's fringe patterns which contains a uniaxial double-refracting liquid crystal layer and is read out with linearly polarized light of a laser light source, wherein the polarization direction of the laser light source on the readout side coincides with the extraordinary semi-axis of the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: In a projection display device based on one or more (twisted nematic) LCDs (4), simple temperature compensation is possible by optimizing the d.&Dgr;n value (n) at the maximal operating temperature. The associated transmission/voltage characteristics at different temperatures then extend substantially parallel so that it is possible to compensate for temperature changes by means of a simple voltage compensation.