Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal device, comprising a liquid crystal bulk layer and dopants being inhomogeneously distributed in the bulk layer as a result of being permanently attached to at least one surface, termed dopant surface. The invention also relates to methods for manufacturing as well as methods for controlling liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a reflecting layer with projections and depressions having azimuthal anisotropies on reflection intensity formed on a surface thereof, for reflecting incident light, and a liquid crystal layer provided on the reflecting layer. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are aligned such that an angle formed between an azimuth ? in which the reflection intensity is maximum and a director azimuth L for the liquid crystal molecules is not less than 45° nor greater than 90°.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device having uniform alignment of monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device. The temperature range of a cholesteric phase or a chiral nematic phase of the phase sequence of the liquid crystal has a temperature width of not less than 3° C. After heating the liquid crystal to an isotropic phase once, the liquid crystal is cooled to room temperature (25° C.) at a cooling rate of 3, 5, 10° C./minute. An alignment treatment is performed by application of a DC voltage of not lower than 3 V, which is a sufficient voltage to obtain the effects of the alignment treatment, within a temperature range of ±3° C. from transition temperature at which the liquid crystal changes from the cholesteric phase to the chiral smectic C phase.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, ferroelectric liquid crystal layers between the first and second substrates disposed substantially at respective surfaces of the first and second substrates, the ferroelectric liquid crystal layers arranged by an exposure to one of an amphiphobic medium and an amphiphilic medium, a nematic liquid crystal layer between the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer of the first substrate and the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer of the second substrate, and electrodes disposed on surfaces of each of the first and second substrates to vertically apply an electric field to the ferroelectric liquid crystal layers and to the nematic liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display having alignment films with different surface polarities. The alignment films induce an internal electric field through the liquid crystal. Because of the induced internal electric field, initial liquid crystal alignment, and subsequent liquid crystal alignments, can be performed without an externally applied electric field.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate facing the lower substrate, a common electrode and a plurality of data electrodes on the lower substrate to generate an In-Plane switching mode electric field parallel to the lower and upper substrates, and a liquid crystal layer having a helical alignment between the lower and upper substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving uniform alignment of monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization, and provides the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal (monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization) showing a phase sequence, either isotropic liquid phase-cholesteric phase-chiral smectic C phase, isotropic liquid phase-chiral nematic phase-chiral smectic C phase, or isotropic liquid phase-cholesteric phase-smectic A phase-chiral smectic C phase, from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, is sandwiched between two glass substrates having transparent electrodes and alignment films whose pretilt angle is not more than 2° and rubbing directions are parallel.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a ferroelectric LC layer is formed between first and second substrates of a LC panel. The LC panel is cooled at a low temperature, for example at ?20° C., where the ferroelectric LC maintains a smetic phase. Due to the cooling, molecules are uniformly aligned for their early alignment state.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof. The reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises a display panel which is disposed between a polarization beam splitter and a mirror to satisfy a quarter plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be orthogonal and opposite to each other; and a compensation panel which is disposed between the display panel and the polarization beam splitter to satisfy a half plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be opposite to each other.

Abstract: A light deflection element has a pair of transparent substrates 2, 3; a chiral smectic C phase liquid crystal 5 with a homeotropic alignment filled between the pair of transparent substrates 2, 3; and at least an electric field applying device 6 for activating an electric field in the liquid crystal 5. Because a chiral smectic C phase liquid crystal is used, the problems of the conventional light deflection element, such as high cost, light loss, large size, and optical noise etc. due to its complicated structure, can be greatly improved. The conventional low response time due to the smectic A phase or the nematic liquid crystal is improved, thereby the high-speed response is possible.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided that comprises a layer of liquid crystal material (2) disposed between two cell walls (4, 6) in an arrangement such that the liquid crystal material (2) can adopt any one of two or more stable liquid crystal configurations that will persist in the absence of an applied electric field. The liquid crystal device is operable in two modes; a first mode in which application of an appropriate latching voltage pulse can select any one of the two or more stable liquid crystal configurations, and a second mode in which application of an electric field can switch the layer of liquid crystal material from a latched configuration to a switched configuration and in which the layer of liquid crystal material will return to said latched configuration when the applied electric field is removed.

Abstract: The liquid-crystal switching or display device comprises a chiral smectic liquid-crystal mixture, where the ratio ?/? of the angle between the rubbing direction and the smectic layer normal to the tilt angle in the liquid-crystal mixture is at least 0.41. Preferably, the liquid-crystal mixture has the phase sequence I-N-C and the tilt angle ? at 25° C. is between 19° and 39°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having first and second substrates with an interposed liquid crystal layer that has a negative or a positive dielectric anisotropy. First and second electrodes are formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates. A first orientation film comprised of a ferroelectric liquid crystal polymer is formed on the first electrode, and a second orientation film is formed on the second electrode. First and second polarizers are formed on exterior surfaces of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device for displaying colors by transmission and reflection modes and a method for producing such devices, whereby the additive color mixing can be used, the structure is simplified, the driving-voltage is lower, the contrast is higher, the response speed is higher, and the screen can be larger. This objective can be achieved by a method including the following steps: mixing 0.001 to 20 wt % of dichromatic melanotic pigment into chiral nematic liquid crystal mixed with chiral dopant; preparing a mixture of the liquid crystal and prepolymer to be polymerized into transparent polymeric solid; inserting the mixture into the space between two conductive substrates, wherein at least one of which is transparent; and irradiating ultra-violet light or neighboring short-wavelength light onto the mixture.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising tilted smectic phases of banana-shaped liquid crystal molecules is disclosed. A method for fabricating a light modulating device is also disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a pair of substrates with a cell gap therebetween and permanently disposing at least one banana-shaped liquid crystal material into said cell gap. The present invention also provides a method of generating an image, comprising providing a pair of substrates with a cell gap therebetween, providing transparent electrodes on each of the substrates adjacent to the cell gap, disposing at least one banana-shaped liquid crystal material into the cell gap; and applying an electric field across the electrodes. The tilted smectic phases of banana-shaped liquid crystal may be in either a racemic or a chiral state.

Abstract: A novel polarization selective membrane is disclosed. The membrane comprises a liquid crystal molecule having a helical structure and selectively transmits specific polarized light and selectively reflects the other polarized light. The helical axis of the helical structure is practically oriented in the normal direction of the membrane plane, and the angle between the helical axis of the helical structure and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is from 5° to 85°.

Abstract: In order to substantially reduce temperature-dependent influences and attendant long switching times in the case of an optical liquid crystal modulator having at least one ferroelectric liquid crystal and in a method for operating an optical liquid crystal modulator, the ferroelectric liquid crystals are provided to have a DHF mode and to exhibit an operating range of an electric field of more than 20 V/?m at the location of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal layer is formed by filling a space between alignment films provided on both glass substrates with a ferroelectric liquid crystal material having a spontaneous polarization. This ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibits a monostable state in which the average molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecular director is present in substantially one direction in the absence of an applied voltage. When a voltage of a first polarity is applied, the average molecular axis tilts from the monostable position to one side at an angle corresponding to the magnitude of the applied voltage, while, when a voltage of a second polarity having the opposite characteristic to the first polarity is applied, the average molecular axis tilts from the monostable position to a side opposite to the application of the voltage of the first polarity. A maximum tilt angle in the application of the voltage of the first polarity is not less than 35°, more preferably not less than 450°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display in which a liquid crystal, which has a spontaneous polarization of a magnitude of not more than ½ of a maximum quantity of charge that is injected to each pixel when the switching element is turned on, is filled between alignment films formed on respective glass substrates, so as to form a liquid crystal layer thereby to drive the liquid crystal by using a lower applied voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having first and second substrates with an interposed liquid crystal layer that has a negative or a positive dielectric anisotropy. First and second electrodes are formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates. A first orientation film comprised of a ferroelectric liquid crystal polymer is formed on the first electrode, and a second orientation film is formed on the second electrode. First and second polarizers are formed on exterior surfaces of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ferrodielectric liquid crystal display device includes the steps of injecting melted ferrodielectric liquid crystal in a cell formed between a lower structure body and an upper structure body each having a substrate, an electrode layer, and an orientation film and sealing the cell; cooling to obtain phase transitions of the ferrodielectric liquid crystal corresponding to a bookshelf structure; applying dc potentials to the electrode layers at temperature ranging from temperatures higher than phase transition temperatures to temperatures lower than phase transition temperatures, stopping the dc potential applications and cooling until below a predetermined temperature, and applying a reverse potential to the electrode layers and cooling again. The ferrodielectric liquid crystal display device produced by such a manufacturing method can display clear black-and-white states with the liquid crystal layers having a mono domain of the bookshelf structure.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device for displaying colors by transmission and reflection modes and a method for producing such devices, whereby the additive color mixing can be used, the structure is simplified, the driving-voltage is lower, the contrast is higher, the response speed is higher, and the screen can be larger. This objective can be achieved by a method including the following steps: mixing 0.001 to 20 wt % of dichromatic melanotic pigment into chiral nematic liquid crystal mixed with chiral dopant; preparing a mixture of the liquid crystal and prepolymer to be polymerized into transparent polymeric solid; inserting the mixture into the space between two conductive substrates, wherein at least one of which is transparent; and irradiating ultra-violet light or neighboring short-wavelength light onto the mixture.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided that includes liquid crystal pixel cells arranged at each intersection between a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines, a thin film transistor associated with each pixel cell, a storage capacitor, and a smectic liquid crystal between an upper substrate and a lower substrate. The smectic liquid crystal has spontaneous polarization in a range of approximately 2 nC/cm2 to 100 nC/cm2 and a storage capacitance is in a range of approximately 1 nF/cm2 to 13 nF/cm2 for optimizing transmittance depending on the spontaneous polarization of the smectic liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising: at least,

Abstract: A liquid crystal device has inorganic alignment layers (36, 42) disposed on a surface of a liquid crystal layer side of a pair of the substrates, when the range of the average pre-tilt angle &thgr; of liquid crystal molecules 50a of the liquid crystal layer is 5 degrees≦&thgr;≦20 degrees, twist angle &phgr; of the liquid crystal molecules (50a) of the liquid crystal layer, cell gap d, and helical pitch P of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer satisfy the relationship of (0.6/360)&phgr;<d/P<(1.4/360)&phgr;, and when the range of the average pre-tilt angle &thgr; of liquid crystal molecules 50a of the liquid crystal layer is &thgr;>20 degrees, twist angle &phgr; of the liquid crystal molecules (50a) of the liquid crystal layer, cell gap d, and helical pitch P of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer satisfy the relationship of (0.8/360)&phgr;<d/P<(1.6/360)&phgr;.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constructed in such a structure that a plurality of stripe bulkheads substantially perpendicular to a direction of a layer of a smectic liquid crystal are provided on at least one of a pair of substrates retaining the smectic liquid crystal therebetween and that an elastic modulus E of the bulkheads, an outside pressure P, an area A1 of the substrate, a total area A2 of contact surfaces between the bulkheads and the substrate, and a volumetric shrinkage ratio &Dgr;Vlc/Vlc of the smectic liquid crystal within an ambient temperature range of the liquid crystal device satisfy the following relation: (1/E)×P×(A1/A2)≧&Dgr;Vlc/Vlc, whereby the bulkheads become able to be compressed in response to volumetric shrinkage of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLCD), including: forming a lower structure and an upper structure, each having a substrate, an electrode layer, and an alignment film which are sequentially formed; forming a cell between the lower and upper structures; bonding the lower and upper structures together; injecting ferroelectric liquid crystal into the cell and then sealing the cell; and applying an AC potential of a desired frequency to the electrode layers, while dropping a temperature of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, so that a phase the ferroelectric liquid crystal is transformed corresponding to a bookshelf structure. In the FLCD, it is possible to perform AC driving of the liquid crystal layer having the micro-domain of the bookshelf structure and to have a wider visual angle and a clear white and black state.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a fabricating method thereof that is capable of maintaining a stable alignment state against external temperature variation and external impact. In the method and apparatus, a ferroelectric liquid crystal containing a small amount of light-hardening polymer is injected between upper and lower substrates provided with alignment film. An ultraviolet ray is irradiated thereon to form a polymer network. The ultraviolet ray has a light intensity range of about 1 to about 5 mW/cm2, and has a light energy range of about 240 to about 1200 mJ/cm2.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display which is capable of preventing light from leaking out from the peripheral portion of pixels and which has a high display performance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a layer of a chiral smectic liquid crystal, a pair of substrates oppositely disposed to sandwich the liquid crystal and each provided with an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal, at least one of the substrates being provided with a uniaxial aligning axis for aligning the liquid crystal, and a polarizer disposed on at least one of the substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, and a method of fabricating such a liquid crystal display device, that uses a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC). Additives are added to the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The additives are then used to form polymer networks, beneficially by exposure to ultraviolet light. Suitable additives include an acrylate compound.

Abstract: An electric field alignment method of liquid crystal display including the steps of: applying a first voltage to a gate terminal of a thin film transistor for driving a liquid crystal cell having ferroelectric liquid crystal, wherein the first voltage is below a threshold voltage of the thin film transistor; and supplying a second voltage for electric field alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to the liquid crystal cell by using leakage current of the thin film transistor generated due to the first voltage.

Abstract: An electric field alignment method of a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device includes connecting a plurality of thin film transistors arranged along a first direction to a plurality of data lines in an offset configuration between adjacent data lines, supplying a turn-ON voltage at a level greater than a threshold voltage of the thin film transistors during an electric field alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystal material of the ferroelectric liquid crystal display device at least more than two successive times to a plurality of gate lines arranged along a second direction, and supplying voltages of opposite polarity to the adjacent data lines during the electric field alignment while maintaining a voltage of a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell of the ferroelectric liquid crystal display device during the electric field alignment.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof. The reflective type ferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises a display panel which is disposed between a polarization beam splitter and a mirror to satisfy a quarter plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be orthogonal and opposite to each other; and a compensation panel which is disposed between the display panel and the polarization beam splitter to satisfy a half plate condition, and in which a liquid crystal layer formed between electrode layers is filled with half-V type ferroelectric liquid crystal having a bookshelf structure, the electrode layers being disposed between substrates to be opposite to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell, and a fabricating method thereof, that incorporates a light-cured monomer in a ferroelectric liquid crystal. By injecting the light-cured monomer/ferroelectric liquid crystal between substrate while in a nematic phase or isotropic phase, by performing DC voltage treatments as the liquid crystal temperature decreases, and by performing a light irradiation treatment, a stable, aligned ferroelectric liquid crystal cell is produced. Such a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell can reduce flicker and can be realigned after a physical shock.

Abstract: A chiral smectic liquid crystal device includes chiral smectic liquid crystal exhibiting a phase transition series on temperature decrease of (a) Iso, Ch and SmC* or (b) Iso and SmC*, a pair of oppositely disposed substrates which sandwich the liquid crystal to form a plurality of pixels, each substrate provided with an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and a uniaxial alignment axis for aligning the liquid crystal, and means for providing a difference in potential between the substrates of at least 100 mV when no external electric field is applied in a temperature range of Tc±2° C. where Tc denotes a phase transition temperature from Ch to SmC* or from Iso to SmC. At least one substrate is provided with a polarizer, and each pixel is provided with an active element connected to an associated electrode on at least one substrate.

Abstract: The monostable ferroelectric active matrix display contains a liquid crystal layer in from of a monodomain with an unambiguously defined direction of the normal z to the layer of the smC* phase and is characterized by the fact that the normal z to the layer and the preferential direction n of the nematic or cholesteric phase (N* phase) form an angle of more than 5°.

Abstract: A driving method for a liquid crystal device comprising a pair of electrodes and a liquid crystal disposed between the electrodes includes a sequence of voltage application operations each comprising application of a reset voltage to the liquid crystal for placing the liquid crystal in a reset state in a reset period and application of a data voltage to the liquid crystal for placing the liquid crystal in a desired gradational display state in a writing period subsequent to the reset period. Each reset voltage is set to provide a prescribed difference in voltage between the each reset voltage and a subsequent data voltage, thus preventing an image memory phenomenon without using an additional reset circuit for exclusively applying the reset voltage to the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving uniform alignment of monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization, and provides the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal (monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization) showing a phase sequence, either isotropic liquid phase-cholesteric phase-chiral smectic C phase, isotropic liquid phase-chiral nematic phase-chiral smectic C phase, or isotropic liquid phase-cholesteric phase-smectic A phase-chiral smectic C phase, from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, is sandwiched between two glass substrates having transparent electrodes and alignment films whose pretilt angle is not more than 2° and rubbing directions are parallel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device having uniform alignment of monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device. The temperature range of a cholesteric phase or a chiral nematic phase of the phase sequence of the liquid crystal has a temperature width of not less than 3° C. After heating the liquid crystal to an isotropic phase once, the liquid crystal is cooled to room temperature (25° C.) at a cooling rate of 3, 5, 10° C./minute. An alignment treatment is performed by application of a DC voltage of not lower than 3 V, which is a sufficient voltage to obtain the effects of the alignment treatment, within a temperature range of ±3° C. from transition temperature at which the liquid crystal changes from the cholesteric phase to the chiral smectic C phase.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture and a chiral agent, which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature and which selectively reflects light of a specified wavelength, wherein the chiral agent has an anisotropy of dielectric constant within a range from 12 to 60. Such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition may have a larger anisotropy of dielectric constant than the nematic liquid crystal mixture before being mixed with the chiral agent. Alternatively, in such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, the anisotropy of dielectric constant of the chiral agent may be larger than that of the nematic liquid crystal mixture. By filling such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition between transparent substrates, a liquid crystal cell is fabricated, and by stacking such liquid crystal cells in three layers, a reflective type full-color liquid crystal display can be produced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel including first and second substrates, and a FLC layer interposed therebetween. A small quantity of additives are mixed in the FLC layer, without changing the electrical or chemical properties of the FLC. Under a proper temperature and an electric field, the FLC layer is ripened sufficiently. Thereafter, the FLC is exposed to light such that polymer networks are formed in the FLC layer due to the polymerization by the additives. The polymer networks connect with each other across molecular layers in the FLC such that the molecules of the FLC are stabilized in proper orientations and maintain their molecular layer structure regardless of the temperature variance. And, the diffraction grating becomes stable regardless of the temperature variance, and fast response time and good gray scale are achieved.

Abstract: A light-modulating cell and a display device based on a chiral nematic liquid crystal material in which the difference of optical rotation power between the planar nematic state and the focal conic state is used for discriminating between optical states, in particular for chiral nematic liquid crystal material having a pitch length associated with infrared light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell comprising a chiral ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal layer whose helix structure is influenced by the action of an electric field such that its optical anisotropy alters; a pair of transparent plates between which the liquid crystal is disposed and which have a surface structure for aligning the molecule of the liquid crystal and are provided with electrodes to produce an electric field therein; and one polarizer each before and after the liquid crystal, such that a ratio d/p of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer to the pitch height p of the helical twisting is greater than 5, the smectic tilt angle &thgr;o between 0.39 radians and 0.87 radians and the product d·&thgr;2·&Dgr;n·1/&lgr; (phase factor) of the thickness d, the square of the tilt angle &thgr;°, the value of the birefringence &Dgr;n and the reciprocal of the wavelength &lgr; of light bending is greater than 0.45 radians2.

Abstract: The monostable ferroelectric active matrix display comprises a liquid-crystal layer in the form of a monodomain having an unambiguously defined direction of the layer normal z of the smC* phase, the liquid-crystal layer preferably having a chevron C-1, chevron C-2 or bookshelf geometry.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a highly aligned liquid crystal over an entire area including regions not provided with a uniaxial alignment film. A carrier-transporting device and a light-emitting device incorporate such a liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A bright, and contrasty reflective display can be performed without using polarizer films, and display switching can be performed fast. A ferroelectric liquid crystal is sandwiched between substrates, and electrodes are formed face to face with each other in a direction parallel to the substrates. The ferroelectric liquid crystal, when no electric field is applied to it, goes into a planer state in which a helical axis becomes perpendicular to or almost perpendicular to the substrates, selectively reflecting light of specific wavelengths in a visible region. A driving circuit applies an electric field between the electrodes in a direction perpendicular to or almost perpendicular to the helical axis of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the planer state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element including a first electrode substrate having a first transparent substrate, a first electrode formed on the first substrate, and a first alignment layer formed on the first substrate. The liquid crystal display element further includes a second electrode substrate having a second transparent substrate, a second electrode formed on the second substrate, and a second alignment layer formed on the second substrate. The liquid crystal display element also has a light modulating layer of a smectic liquid crystal material which is sandwiched between the first and second electrode substrates and which has a thresholdless voltage-transmittance characteristic and a spontaneous polarization of 120 nC/cm2 or less. Further, the polarity force component of the surface free energy of each of the first and second alignment layers is 13 dyn/cm or less.

Abstract: A display device and method driving a display device makes use of the dynamic variation in the brightness of a surface mode liquid crystal device cell having a liquid crystal layer with a non-zero twist angle. The liquid crystal layer is switched before the equilibrium value of the brightness has been reached, so as to make use of the non-equilibrium increased brightness and so increase the brightness of the display.

Abstract: An electroconductive device functioning as, e.g., an organic EL device, is formed of a pair of oppositely disposed electrodes and organic compound layers disposed between the electrodes so as to be supplied with a voltage applied between the electrodes. The organic compound layers include at least one layer of a liquid crystalline organic compound in a supercooled liquid crystal phase As a result, the electroconductive device can exhibit an improved performance over a broad temperature range due to the presence of the organic compound layer in a liquid crystal phase.