Abstract: An active matrix drive type liquid crystal display element capable of preventing deterioration of display capability caused by a stripe domain, and a projection type display device using the liquid crystal display element, by which there is provided a projection type display device comprising a light source; a light convergence optical system for guiding a light emitted from said light source to a liquid crystal display element; and a projection optical system for enlarging and projecting a light subjected to light modulation by said liquid crystal display element; wherein the liquid crystal display element is configured by holding a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates arranged to face to each other, and a twisted nematic type liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer satisfies dielectric constant anisotropy ?? of 0<??<8 and twist elasticity modulus K22 of K22>6.0 pN when the refractive index anisotropy ?n is 0.16??n?0.

Abstract: The invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display device which provides both high-contrast, bright reflective and transmissive displays. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention can include a liquid crystal panel and a backlight. The liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer, which is disposed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate and whose liquid crystals are disposed in a twisted manner at an angle in the range of from 220 to 270 degrees, an upper retardation film and a lower retardation film, which are disposed above and below the liquid crystal layer so as to sandwich it; an upper polarizer 16 and a lower polarizer, which are disposed on the outer surfaces of their respective retardation films, and a sloping reflective layer. Light impinging upon the upper polarizer from the liquid crystal layer is elliptically polarized light.

Abstract: An active matrix drive type liquid crystal display element capable of preventing deterioration of display capability caused by a stripe domain, and a projection type display device using the liquid crystal display element, by which there is provided a projection type display device comprising a light source; a light convergence optical system for guiding a light emitted from said light source to a liquid crystal display element; and a projection optical system for enlarging and projecting a light subjected to light modulation by said liquid crystal display element; wherein the liquid crystal display element is configured by holding a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates arranged to face to each other, and a twisted nematic type liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer satisfies dielectric constant anisotropy ?? of 0<??<8 and twist elasticity modulus K22 of K22>6.0 pN when the refractive index anisotropy ?n is 0.16??n?0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device incorporates two phase difference plates stacked together and disposed between a liquid crystal display element and a pair of polarizers, the liquid crystal display element being formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of electrode substrates, and the polarizers being disposed on one side of the liquid crystal display element. Since the principal refractive indices na, nb, and nc of the phase difference plates are such that na<nb<nc, the phase difference plates exhibit positive refractive index anisotropies. The principal refractive index nb inclines to the normal to the surfaces of the phase difference plates about one of the principal refractive indices na or nc that is parallel to the surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bistable nematic liquid-crystal device comprising: alignment means, which orient the liquid crystal, means designed to apply electrical signals which allow switching, by breaking the anchoring on at least one of the two substrates, between two distinct textures, and means designed to promote the establishment of that one of the said textures giving the off state in the liquid crystal covering the inter-electrode spaces.

Abstract: A normally white supertwist nematic liquid crystal display of reflective type is provided. This display comprises a reflector, a layer of chiral nematic liquid crystal having a front aligning surface facing a light source and a rear aligning surface facing the reflector, and a front polarizer. The nematic liquid crystal has an optical retardation (?nd) of the layer and a distribution of directors, wherein the chiral nematic liquid crystal has a twist angle (?) between an alignment direction of the director at the front aligning surface and an alignment direction of the director at the rear aligning surface. The front polarizer is disposed between the layer of chiral nematic liquid crystal and the light source. The front polarizer has a transmission axis forming an angle (?) with the alignment direction of the director at the front aligning surface of the chiral nematic liquid crystal layer. The optical retardation (?nd) and the angle (?) are defined by the following formulas: ?((?)=sign(?)·(47.0?0.4936|?|+2.

Abstract: A semitransparent liquid crystal display element comprises a liquid crystal panel composed of a plurality of pixels each having a reflective portion and a transparent portion arranged therein, a first polarizer sheet located on the observer's side of the liquid crystal panel, and a second polarizer sheet located on the opposite side of the liquid crystal panel from the first polarizer sheet, the angle of twist of a liquid crystal molecule which forms each pixel of the liquid crystal panel ranging from 44 degrees to 46 degrees. An angle between an absorption axis of the first polarizer sheet and a major axis of a liquid crystal molecule adjacent thereto ranges from 80 degrees to 85 degrees, and an angle between an absorption axis of the second polarizer sheet and a liquid crystal molecule adjacent thereto ranges from 50 degrees to 55 degrees.

Abstract: An optically compensated birefringence mode liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other, a liquid crystal material layer between the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal material layer having a splay state when a voltage is not applied and having a bend state when a transition voltage is applied, a first compensation film on an outer surface of the first substrate, a first polarizing plate on the first compensation film, a second compensation film on an outer surface of the second substrate, and a second polarizing plate on the second compensation film, wherein the liquid crystal material layer in the splay state has a first retardation value (R1) satisfying according to: 1.35<R1/?<1.75 the liquid crystal material layer in the bend state has a second retardation value (R2) according to: 0.5<R2/?<0.7 when a white voltage for a white image is applied, and a third retardation value (R3) according to: 0.1<R3/?<0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a birefringent marking comprising a liquid crystal material. The invention further relates to method of providing such a birefringent marking and to the use of the birefringent marking for decorative or security applications.

Abstract: The liquid-crystal switching or display device comprises a chiral smectic liquid-crystal mixture, where the ratio ?/? of the angle between the rubbing direction and the smectic layer normal to the tilt angle in the liquid-crystal mixture is at least 0.41. Preferably, the liquid-crystal mixture has the phase sequence I-N-C and the tilt angle ? at 25° C. is between 19° and 39°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a display element with a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, and an alignment film on a surface of at least one substrate facing the layer; a pair of polarizers on both surfaces of the liquid crystal element to sandwich the liquid crystal element; and at least one optical phase element between at least one of the polarizers and the liquid crystal element, wherein an optical refractive ellipsoid of the optical phase element is tilted clockwise or counterclockwise from the normal of a surface of the optical phase element, wherein at least one of rates of variation of an ordinary refractive index and an extraordinary refractive index of a liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer with respect to a wavelength is set in a range where viewing angle dependent coloring does not occur on a screen.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal device capable of balancing a color difference between a reflective region and a transmissive region. The arrangement conditions of optical elements in the transflective LCD are as follows. The twist angle of the liquid crystal is about 40°˜80°. The angles ?up, ?down, ?up and ?down are about ?20°˜?60°, ?20°˜20°, 60°˜110°, ?30°˜20° respectively. The angle between the retardation axes of the upper ?/2 plate and the upper ?/4 plate is about 30°˜100°, and the angle between the retardation axes of the lower ?/2 plate and the lower ?/4 plate is about 30°˜80°.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical compensation film for Liquid Crystal Displays comprising an amorphous polymer layer disposed on a substrate wherein said amorphous polymer layer has an out-of-plane birefringence ?nth(?) at a wavelength ? that satisfies both conditions (1) and (2): Condition (1) ?nth(?) is more negative than ?0.005 throughout the range of 370 nm<?<700 nm; Condition (2) ?nth(?1) is more negative than ?nth(?2), for ?1<?2 throughout the range of 370 nm<?<700 nm.

Abstract: In order to substantially reduce temperature-dependent influences and attendant long switching times in the case of an optical liquid crystal modulator having at least one ferroelectric liquid crystal and in a method for operating an optical liquid crystal modulator, the ferroelectric liquid crystals are provided to have a DHF mode and to exhibit an operating range of an electric field of more than 20 V/?m at the location of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display unit, a plurality of data driving units which provide image data to said liquid crystal display unit, and a control unit which enables said plurality of data driving units to take in the image data simultaneously if the image data to be provided to said data driving units are identical.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal cell including a first transparent substrate and a second substrate, and a reflector attached to the outer surface of the first transparent substrate with a bonding layer therebetween. A first retarder is disposed on the outer surface of the second transparent substrate, a second retarder is disposed on the first retarder, and a polarizer is disposed on the second retarder. The reflector includes a resin substrate having an irregular surface and a metal reflection layer also having an irregular surface that corresponds to the irregular surface of the reflector. The reflector is attached to the liquid cell so that the metal reflector layer faces the first transparent substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device incorporates two phase difference plates stacked together and disposed between a liquid crystal display element and a pair of polarizers, the liquid crystal display element being formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of electrode substrates, and the polarizers being disposed on one side of the liquid crystal display element. Since the principal refractive indices na, nb, and nc of the phase difference plates are such that na<nb<nc, the phase difference plates exhibit positive refractive index anisotropies. The principal refractive index nb inclines to the normal to the surfaces of the phase difference plates about one of the principal refractive indices na or nc that is parallel to the surfaces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of a vertical alignment mode is provided in which a quenching pattern, which is generated by such liquid crystal molecules whose in-plane component of the alignment directions under applied voltage is aligned along the cross nicole directions, is unrecognizable for a user. In the liquid crystal display device of a vertical alignment mode, a liquid crystal layer is has a defined value of d/p between 0.0021×(Vmax)2−0.0458×(Vmax)+0.65 and 0.0021×(Vmax)2−0.0458×(Vmax)+0.50, and a defined value of d·&Dgr;n/&lgr; between −0.00026×(Vmax)3+0.016×(Vmax)2−0.2281×(Vmax)+2.124 and −0.00026×(Vmax)3+0.016×(Vmax)2−0.2281××(Vmax)+1.7603, where Vmax [V] is the maximum applied effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A vertically aligned liquid crystal display device includes a site in a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are tilted in a predetermined direction in a non-activated state of the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal electro-optical switching member that comprises at least one polariser and a liquid crystal layer having an initial orientation in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented so as to be essentially parallel to the substrates and to each other. The change of orientation of the liquid crystals, from their initial orientation that is substantially parallel to the substrates, is induced by a corresponding electric field which is oriented so as to be practically parallel to the substrates in the case liquid crystal with a negative dielectric anisotropy and so as to be practically perpendicular to the substrates in the case liquid crystal with a positive dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal layer has an optical delay [(d&Dgr;n) LC?] of between 0.06 and 0.43 &mgr;m. The present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display system that comprises said liquid crystal switching members.

Abstract: A surface mode liquid crystal device, for example of the pi-cell type, comprises a layer nematic liquid crystal (10) disposed between alignment layers (4,9) and an electrode arrangement (3,8). The nematic liquid crystal has viscosity coefficients &eegr;1, &eegr;2 and &ggr;1, such that (&eegr;1-&eegr;2)/&ggr;1≧1.15 or (&eegr;1-&eegr;2)/&ggr;1≦0.9.

Abstract: A phase difference film which comprises a liquid crystal film having a liquid crystal comprised of a cellulose derivative as a liquid crystal compound (cellulose derivative liquid crystal) being oriented in a specific direction, preferably said phase difference film wherein said orientation in a specific

Abstract: The invention relates to a birefringent marking comprising a liquid crystal material. The invention further relates to method of providing such a birefringent marking and to the use of the birefringent marking for decorative or security applications.

Abstract: A reflective type FFS-LCD includes: a liquid crystal layer; a first substrate formed with counter and pixel electrodes on one side of the liquid crystal layer to generate a fringer field to drive the liquid crystal molecules; a second substrate on the other side of the liquid crystal layer; a first homogeneous alignment layer near the first substrate having a rubbing axis in a selected direction; a second homogeneous alignment layer near the second substrate and having a rubbing axis in a selected direction; a polarizer having a selected polarizing axis; and a reflective plate. Retardation occurs in the liquid crystal layer by (2n+1)&lgr;/4 when the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are driven by the fringe field.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates includes a plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of signal electrodes arranged so as to cross the plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of thin film transistors arranged in the vicinity of crossing points of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes, a plurality of common electrodes, and a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged between each of the common electrodes. An electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage to the pixel electrodes and the plurality of common electrodes. The other substrate of the pair of substrates includes color filters, an insulating film for flattening the color filters arranged on the color filters, and an orientation control film arranged on the insulating film.

Abstract: In a color liquid crystal display panel of a CF-on-TFT structure having a black matrix and a color filter formed on a TFT substrate, reflected light is reduced by selecting and controlling a gap (d) of the CF-on-TFT panel and refractive index anisotropy (&Dgr;d) of a liquid crystal material by exploiting the presence of wavelength dependency between retardation (&Dgr;nd) and light transmittance so as to shift the wavelength of reflected light of external light from a pixel electrode ITO to a shorter wavelength side.

Abstract: Deviation in phase difference of the light passing each of the red, green, and blue dots, i.e., 2&pgr;*(&agr;*dR*&Dgr;nR+ReR)/&lgr;R, 2&pgr;*(&agr;*dG*&Dgr;nG+ReG)/&lgr;G, and 2&pgr;*(&agr;*dB*&Dgr;nB+ReB)/&lgr;B, are matched when thickness of a liquid crystal layer 7 at red, green, and blue dots are dR, dG, and dB; wavelength of a visible light passing each dot is &lgr;R, &lgr;R, and &lgr;B; refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 7 in the visible light wavelengths &lgr;R, &lgr;R, and &lgr;B is &Dgr;nR, &Dgr;n G, and &Dgr;nB; and retardations of a retardation plate are ReR, ReG, and ReB. This enables the achievement of a reflective color LCD with high achromatic color during white display and high contrast display.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device includes: first and second substrates spaced apart and facing each other; a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the two substrates, the liquid crystal layer having a twist angle and birefringence property &Dgr;n and having a thickness d; a retardation film disposed on the first substrate and opposite to the liquid crystal layer, the film converting a first linearly polarized light from above to a first circularly polarized light and converting a second circularly polarized light reflected from below to a second linearly polarized light; a linear polarizer disposed on the retardation film and opposite to the liquid crystal layer and converting the incident light to the first linearly polarized light; and a reflector disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate and reflecting light passed through the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A polarizer has low color shift and is particularly well suited to use in an LCD display. The polarizer has a double pass color shift of |&Dgr;x|≦0.005 and |&Dgr;y|≦0.005 for illumination by a C-illuminant, and a double pass contrast modulation of at least 90%. The display includes two or more layers stacked together, at least one of the layers being an absorbing polarizer having a double pass color shift of |&Dgr;x|≦0.005 and |&Dgr;y|≦0.005 for illumination by a C-illuminant. A polarizer with a selected color shift is also used with a rear projection screen having a dispersing layer stacked together with first absorbing polarizer. The polarizer has a single pass color shift with at least one of &Dgr;x and &Dgr;y being negative under illumination by a C-illuminant, and a polarization co-efficiency greater than 90%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device with a phase plate wherein three principal refractive indices na, nb, and nc of an index ellipsoid of the optical phase element have the relationship of na=nc>nb, a direction of the principal refractive index nb is tilted clockwise or counterclockwise from the normal of a surface of the optical phase element with respect to a direction of one of the principal refractive indices na and nc which is substantially parallel to the surface of the optical phase element as an axis, and a direction of the other principal refractive index nc or na is tilted clockwise or counterclockwise from a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the optical phase element, and at least one of rates of variation of an ordinary refractive index no and an extraordinary refractive index ne of a liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer with respect to a wavelength is set in a range in which viewing angle dependent coloring does not occur on a screen.

Abstract: The invention relates to TN and STN liquid-crystal displays and to the novel nematic liquid-crystal mixtures used therein, characterized in that they comprise one or more compounds of the formula I 1

Abstract: A bistable twisted nematic LCD cell is presented. The cell includes front and rear polarizes, substrates and a liquid crystal layer between the substrates. Rubbing directions are arranged to give an initial twist angle of the liquid crystal, arranged such that the cell does not make a configuration with an initial twist angle of 180° and wherein an initial twist angle is not a multiple of 90°, and a twist angle is in the range of 30-80°, with a retardation in the range of 0.33-0.44 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A reflection liquid crystal display device comprising only one polarization film, wherein the twist angle of a nematic liquid crystal ranges from 0° to 90°, the relationship between the difference between the indices of birefringence &Dgr;nLC, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer dLC, and the retardation of the phase plate RF is expressed by &Dgr;nLC.dLC=0.20 to 0.30 &mgr;m, RF-&Dgr;nLC.dLC=−0.20 to −0.

Abstract: The present invention deals with liquid crystal displays where the incident light and reflected light going through the display are not specularly related. The incident light can be at a range of angles to the display while the reflected light, i.e. the viewing direction is at or nearly normal to the display. For such nonspecular liquid crystal displays, the polarizer angles, the input/output directors of the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal cell retardation have to be specially optimized to obtain the best viewing effects. Conventional liquid crystal display modes do not work optimally in this nonspecular situation. We also disclose the new image-mode and shadow-mode nonspecular liquid crystal displays. Such displays have very bright background and are free from viewing glare common in most liquid crystal displays. The present invention applies to all twist angles, e.g. the 90° TN, the 120° and 150° HTN, the 180°, 240° and 270° STN displays.

Abstract: The invention relates to dielectrically positive nematic liquid crystal compositions for active matrix displays with high voltage holding ratio and very low birefringence. The composition of the mixtures is given in claim 1. The compositions are particularly suited for reflective displays. The invention further relates to particular reflective displays with low optical retardation.

Abstract: An OCB device comprises upper and lower substrates, each provided with an alignment layer. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the substrates. The lower substrate has a low pre-tilt in regions A and C, so that an H-state is stable in these regions when no voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer. Region B has a high pre-tilt on the lower substrate, so that a HAN state is stable in region B under zero applied voltage. When a voltage is applied across the liquid crystal lever, a V-state is formed at the interface between the HAN-state and the H-states. This V-state then displaces the H-states in regions A and C. The high pre-tilt region, region B, is acting as a nucleation region. The V-state forms at a lower applied voltage than if the nucleation region is not provided.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a normally white super twisted nematic (NW-STN) display comprising a super twisted nematic (STN) display cell and a compensation layer, characterized in that the compensation layer is a twisted liquid crystalline polymer and has an optical retardation (OR) which is 10 to 50% of the OR of the display cell in the off-state, and wherein the absolute value of the twist angle of the compensation layer is between 150° and 10° and is at least 90° smaller that the absolute value of the twist angle of the STN display cell. Preferably, the compensation layer of the NW-STN display is temperature matched with the STN display cell.

Abstract: A reflective-type liquid crystal display and a method for manufacturing the same are provided which are capable of preventing development of unwanted colors on a display when a black color is displayed and of stably achieving high contrast.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to eliminate any leakage of light which would occur, while in a black display state, due to a disordered alignment of liquid crystals around a pixel electrode in a liquid crystal device and to provide an improved contrast. The leakage of light around pixels can be suppressed and the contrast can be improved, for example, by rubbing the surface in a direction at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to any of the edges of a square pixel electrode 25 (a direction shown by the arrow 30) in a homeotropic type liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the following construction. A transparent electrode is provided via color filter layer on a transparent substrate positioned at the upper side of the device. A metallic reflective electrode is provided on a substrate positioned at the lower side of the device. An alignment layer is provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode respectively. The transparent substrate positioned at the upper side and the substrate positioned at the lower side are arranged parallel to each other with alignment films provided on the transparent electrode and on the metallic reflective electrode facing each other. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the alignment films. A scattering film is provided on a surface of the transparent substrate positioned at the upper side opposite to the surface where the transparent electrode is provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is provided to an active matrix type liquid crystal display. A TFT side substrate and an opposite side substrate are provided to the liquid crystal display panel. A liquid crystal layer is provided between these substrates. The product (retardation) “&Dgr;n·d” of the refractive index anisotropy &Dgr;n of a liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal layer and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is 0.12 to 0.18 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A polarizing plate, a phase compensation film, a liquid crystal panel, a phase compensation film, and a polarizing plate are stacked on a planar light source in this order. A color filter substrate and an active matrix substrate are arranged parallel to each other in the liquid crystal panel. A transparent common electrode and a color filter are formed on a transparent glass substrate in the color filter substrate. Thin film transistors and transparent pixel electrodes are arranged in the form of a matrix on a transparent glass substrate in the active matrix substrate. The color filter substrate and the active matrix substrate are adhered to each other with a sealing agent. A TN liquid crystal layer including a TN liquid crystal having a twisted angle of substantially 90° is sealed between the color filter substrate and the active matrix substrate by the sealing agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display that can provide a display with high contrast in both the transmissive mode display and the reflective mode display as a transflective liquid crystal display, and an electronic appliance provided therewith. The liquid crystal display can include a liquid crystal layer of a nematic liquid crystal with positive anisotropy of dielectric constant held between a pair of substrates in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that areas used for the display in the liquid crystal layer includes individual areas having at least two kinds of different liquid crystal layer thickness, the individual areas of different liquid crystal layer thickness are either a reflective display unit or a transmissive display unit, a reflective means is disposed on the reflective display unit, and a transparent resin layer is formed in a portion except a portion corresponding to the transmissive display unit.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal sandwiched between first and second substrates, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrode (10) for driving the liquid crystal formed on the mutually opposed inside faces of the respective substrates, and a polarizing plate formed on the outside faces of the substrates having the transparent electrode, wherein the liquid crystal in an initial align state has its optical axis controlled into directions of the normal lines of the substrates. A polarization axis direction (2) of the polarizing plate is designed to form an angle of 45 degrees with respect to azimuth (3, 4, 5) of the optical axis of the liquid crystal when a voltage for driving the liquid crystal is applied between the electrodes. The transparent electrode comprises an orientation control window (11), which is formed at the center or to extend along a diagonal line of the reflective electrode (10).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed, comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal layer which has an intrinsic helical pitch of approximately twice as large as a thickness of the liquid crystal layer and also has a bistable character capable of switching by an application of voltage, and further provided with at least one birefringent medium layer between a polarizer and a substrate. This construction of the liquid crystal display device results in a reduction of birefringent effects, whereby achieving a high contrast, satisfactory color purity, and other display characteristics such as a higher duty ratio operation and faster time response, suitable for displaying a large volume of information data.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display which has a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase in a room temperature and a columnar structure between substrates with ITO electrodes thereon. The liquid crystal composition is a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which is produced by adding a chiral agent at a ratio within a range from 10 wt % to 45 wt % to nematic liquid crystal which contains a nematic liquid crystal component with a polar group at not less than 25 wt % and of which transition temperature to isotropic phase is within a range from 70° C. to 150° C. The anisotropy of refractive index of the liquid crystal composition is 0.10 to 0.22, and the anisotropy of dielectric constant is 5 to 30.

Abstract: A generalized mixed twisted nematic/birefringent effect mode is presented for reflective liquid crystal displays with only one polarizer. This new MTB mode encompasses all previously published reflective nematic liquid crystal display modes and is clearly shown on the parameter space diagrams. The invention of how to obtain operating conditions of this generalized mixed mode display is discussed. For any given angle between the polarizer and the input director of the liquid crystal cell, a unique range of values of the twist angle and the retardation d&Dgr;n for efficient reflection and low dispersion is defined.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, includes: a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and a plurality of pixel regions defined by a pair of electrodes for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer. Each of the plurality of pixel regions includes a reflection region and a transmission region, and the liquid crystal layer is made of a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy. A first polarizing element is provided on the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; a second polarizing element is provided on the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; a first phase difference compensator is provided between the first polarizing element and the liquid crystal layer; and a second phase difference compensator is provided between the second polarizing element and the liquid crystal layer. A twist angle &thgr;t of the liquid crystal layer is in a range of 0° to 90°.

Abstract: An electrooptical system contains: (a) a twisted nematic liquid-crystal layer, with an input side and an output side, which is positioned between a first substrate and a second substrate, each of whose inside surface is provided with an electrode coating and an alignment layer thereon, the director of said liquid crystal layer having a parallel edge alignment and a twist angle of 0°≦&bgr;≦1000, (b) at least one compensation layer for compensating the optical path difference of the liquid-crystal layer d·&Dgr;n, and (c) at least one device for linear polarization of light in such an arrangement that light, before entering and after exiting the liquid-crystal layer, passes through a polarization device, I.

Abstract: A display medium layer is sandwiched between a TFT substrate and a counter substrate. In the display medium layer, resin walls are respectively formed in regions other than those where a plurality of segmented electrodes are formed, and liquid crystal portions are respectively formed in regions between the respective resin walls, corresponding to those where the segmented electrodes are formed. Disclination lines are formed on the interfaces between the resin walls and the liquid crystal regions. In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal regions are radially oriented and at least one liquid crystal domain is formed in each liquid crystal region.