Abstract: A light deflector which deflects incident light and emits the deflected light, by changing a refractive index of a liquid crystal: a pair of ITO films; a plurality of prisms which are provided between the pair of transparent electrodes and are arranged on a facing surface of one of the pair of transparent electrodes, the facing surface facing a surface of the other one of the pair of transparent electrodes; two spacers arranged between the pair of transparent electrodes, and having, in a direction from one of the pair of transparent electrodes toward the other, widths which (i) are greater than widths of the prisms and (ii) are identical to each other; and a liquid crystal which is provided, within a space between the pair of transparent electrodes, in a portion other than a portion where the prisms and the two spacers exist.

Abstract: A cooling device for use in an electronic apparatus is capable of achieving a sufficient cooling capability with an effective replacement method in a narrow flow path. The cooling device for the electronic apparatus, which includes a plurality of members juxtaposed such that surfaces thereof confront each other, at least one of the members including a heat radiating surface, includes a first air-cooling member which includes a first outlet port that creates a first air stream, and a second air-cooling member which includes a second outlet port that creates a second air stream to flow in a direction different from the first air stream. The first and second outlet ports have different opening widths, respectively.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a display panel and a display device, the display panel comprising: a display screen, comprising: an array substrate; an opposed substrate, cell-assembled with the array substrate to form the display screen; a circuit board, provided with a control circuit for controlling the display screen thereon; and a wireless network adapter, receiving signals via a wireless network.

Abstract: A light source unit (110) emits linearly polarized laser light of a given wavelength. A wave plate (121) transmits the laser light emitted from the light source unit (110) and has a phase delay axis of which the direction is adjusted to about 0 degrees with respect to the polarization direction (101) of the laser light. A liquid crystal cell (123) transmits laser light that has passed through the wave plate (121) and by a switchable rotation amount, rotates the polarization direction (101) of the laser light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell (123). A wave plate (125) transmits laser light that has passed through the liquid crystal cell (123); and further has a phase delay axis of which the direction is adjusted to about 0 degrees with respect to the polarization direction (101) of the laser light.

Abstract: In a display apparatus, a light sensor of a display includes a light sensing layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, an insulating layer, and a gate electrode to sense light from an external source. The light sensing layer is disposed on the substrate to sense light, and the source and drain electrodes are disposed on the light sensing layer and are covered by the insulating layer. The gate electrode is disposed on the insulating layer. An edge of the gate electrode is disposed on the light sensing layer at least in an area where the light sensing layer is overlapped with the source and drain electrodes.

Abstract: Polar nematic compounds, one example of which has the following structure: is a caged boron structure, where the sphere of the caged boron structure is C and each non-sphere vertex of the caged boron structure is B—H. R is H, an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, a bicycloalkyl, an alkenyl, a cycloalkenyl, a bicycloalkenyl, an alkynyl, an acyl, an aryl, an alkylaryl, a halogen, a cyano group, or an isothiocyanoto group, or R is a group that forms an ether, a ketone, an ester, a thioester, a sulfide, or a sulfone. X is COOR? or COSR?. R? is H, an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, a bicycloalkyl, an alkenyl, a cycloalkenyl, a bicycloalkenyl, an alkynyl, an aryl, a halogen, or a cyano group. The compounds may be used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and in television sets, laptop computers, computer monitors, hand-held communication devices, gaming devices, watches, cash registers, clocks, and calculators having liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a flat panel display includes a first mounting portion including a first input pad and a first output pad, a second mounting portion including a second input pad and a second output pad, a first common terminal and a second common terminal, which have a common potential, and a guard ring wiring which is formed in a manner to extend from the first common terminal, to pass between the first input pad and the first output pad of the first mounting portion, to pass between the second input pad and the second output pad of the second mounting portion, and to reach the second common terminal, the guard ring wiring including a first resistor element of a first resistance value and a second resistor element of a second resistance value which is higher than the first resistance value.

Abstract: An electronic device having a liquid crystal shutter is disclosed. A liquid crystal shutter is provided in an area formed by expanding a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal shutter includes a rear polarizer, a rear glass substrate, a segmented electrode, a liquid crystal, a counter electrode, a front glass substrate, a shutter aperture, and a front polarizer. A camera module is disposed behind the rear polarizer. A voltage applied to the segmented electrode can be controlled to visually expose or hide the lens of the camera module from a shutter aperture.

Abstract: An active barrier panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first opening electrode configured to operate as a first opening transmitting the light and a first barrier electrode configured to as a first barrier blocking the light, the first opening electrode and the first barrier electrode having a step structure. The second substrate includes a second opening electrode configured to operate as a second opening and crossing at a right angle to the first opening electrode, and a second barrier electrode configured to operate as a second barrier and crossing at a right angle to the first barrier electrode. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention discloses a touch liquid crystal grating, its driving method and a 3D touch display device. The touch liquid crystal grating comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer; grating electrodes, located on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer and extend along a first direction, each being located within each of strip-like regions with spacing regions being provided therebetween; touch driving electrodes, extending along the first direction and being located within the spacing regions between adjacent strip-like regions; and touch sensing electrodes, extending along a second direction, wherein the first direction is different from the second direction, and when the plurality of grating electrodes are electrified, liquid crystal molecules corresponding to each of the strip-like regions are deflected, and liquid crystal molecules corresponding to each of the spacing regions are not deflected.

Abstract: A space positioning method includes: determining a plurality of distances between an object location of an object in a space and a plurality of different predetermined locations in the space by utilizing a plurality of liquid crystal (LC) lens cameras, respectively, wherein each LC lens camera is located at a predetermined location, and determines a distance between the predetermined location in the space and the object location of the object in the space; and determining a position in space of the object relative to the predetermined locations according to the predetermined locations and the distances.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to mesogenic media exhibiting a blue phase, comprising two or more components selected from the following components, components A to C, component A comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-T component B consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-N component C consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-E wherein the parameters are as specified in the text, preferably stabilized by a polymer, and their use in electro-optical light modulation elements and their respective use in displays, as well as to such displays.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens includes a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, and an intermediate layer sandwiched therebetween. The first liquid crystal cell includes a pair of a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate, a first liquid crystal layer, and a first electrode. The second liquid crystal cell includes a pair of a third transparent substrate and a fourth transparent substrate, a second liquid crystal layer aligned in a direction perpendicular to the first liquid crystal layer, and a second electrode. The intermediate layer includes a high dielectric constant layer and a third electrode including one or a plurality of opening portions.

Abstract: A viewing system has a parallax separation device placed in front of a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid display panel can be used to display a composite image that has many display segments, with each segment having two or more elongated image sections of different images. Each image section may occupy one or more columns of color pixels. The parallax separation device has a plurality of parallax separation elements, each aligned with a display segment for separating the different image sections as seen in a viewer's eyes. The parallax separation device has a barrier axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated image sections. The color sub-pixels in each pixel are arranged along a direction parallel to the barrier axis. A tracking device and a processor are used to determine the locations of image sections under the parallax separation elements based on positions of a viewer.

Abstract: Compounds including at least one mesogenic substructure and at least one long flexible segment and methods of synthesizing the same are disclosed. Formulations which include various embodiments of the mesogen-containing compounds and their use in articles of manufacture and ophthalmic devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display utilizing a vertically aligned state of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied and to a method of manufacturing the same. Objectives include providing a liquid crystal display and a method of manufacturing the same in which the existing step for forming vertical alignment films can be omitted to achieve a cost reduction. The liquid crystal display includes a monofunctional monomer having a structure expressed by X—R (where X represents an acrylate group or a methacrylate group, and R represents an organic group having a steroid skeleton). A liquid crystal material is sandwiched between substrates, which are then irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the monofunctional monomer, thereby forming a polymer film at an interface of a substrate. The monofunctional monomer has a hydrophobic skeleton such as an alkyl chain and a photoreactive group on one side of the skeleton.

Abstract: A light modulator element includes a liquid crystal element which has a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned along a first direction, and two transparent electrodes disposed in opposition to each other with the liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, and which controls the phase of linear polarization light and passing through said liquid crystal layer by applying an electric voltage between said two transparent electrodes; a polarizer plate which is disposed between a light source and said liquid crystal element and which has the transmission axis along the first direction or along a direction orthogonal to said first direction; and a rotation mechanism which supports the liquid crystal element and the polarizer plate and which rotates the liquid crystal element and the polarizer plate integrally in one unit with the optical axis of the liquid crystal element as the rotation axis.

Abstract: A multi-functional liquid crystal parallax barrier device is a liquid crystal device mainly formed by two parallax barrier structures, namely, a double-view vertical strip parallax barrier and a multi-view slant-and-step parallax barrier, in which the two parallax barriers are respectively disposed corresponding to different screen display directions, so as to display a double-view 3D image and a multi-view 3D image in different display directions, in addition to displaying a 2D image, through the control of an appropriate driving voltage and the use of a flat panel display screen.

Abstract: Provided are display apparatuses and methods of operating the same. In a display apparatus, a display image may be continuously held for longer than about 10 msec after the power of the display panel is turned off. The display apparatus may indicate a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including an oxide thin film transistor (TFT). Off leakage current of the oxide TFT may be less than about 10?14 A.

Abstract: The present inventions to provide a novel polymerizable chiral compound (chiral agent) having high helical twisting power, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition comprising the polymerizable chiral compound and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal polymer, and an optically anisotropic body.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes a light modulation layer including a first region and a second region that have optical anisotropy and different responsiveness to an electric field. The light modulation layer satisfies an expression A/B<A1/B1 when the light modulation layer exhibits the scattering characteristics.

Abstract: A multi-functional vehicle rearview minor that includes a cover, a glass reflecting mirror face, a large sized liquid crystal display device which includes a large sized display screen and a large sized display driver board, wherein the large sized display screen includes a large sized displaying liquid crystal glass and a large sized display device backlight module, wherein the large sized liquid crystal display device is provided with a retention frame and a high obscuration media, wherein a small window with a small sized backlight module and a control circuit is provided. The rearview minor automatically shifts between multiple cameras via signals from vehicle lamps. The RF modules with little power consumption are embedded into the circuits of the rearview minor and the cameras for providing the video shift and information communication of the whole system.

Abstract: A display-camera system includes a liquid crystal panel having a screen side and a back side that is opposed to the screen side. A visible light camera is positioned a first spaced distance from the back side such that a field of view of the camera encompasses all or a fraction of an area of the liquid crystal panel. A visible light source is positioned a second spaced distance from the back side and outside of the field of view of the camera. A diffuser is positioned between the visible light source and the back side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterised in that it contains a polymerisable component (A) containing one more polymerisable compounds and a liquid-crystalline component (B) containing one more compounds of the general formula I in which R, rings A1 and A2, Z1, Z2, Y1, Y2, X0 and r are as defined in Claim 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal polyester composition, comprising (i) 100 parts by weight of a liquid crystal polyester, and (ii) 65 to 100 parts by weight of a combination of a fibrous filler with a plate-like filler, wherein the fibrous filler has a number-average fiber diameter of 5 to 15 ?m, and a number-average aspect ratio of 20 to 40, and a content ratio by weight of the fibrous filler to the plate-like filler is more than 1.0 and 1.6 or less; and a process for producing the liquid crystal polyester composition comprising a step of melt-kneading the above respective components with one another.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystal (LC) media for use in LC displays of the PS (polymer stabilised) or PSA (polymer sustained alignment) type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a curable dichroic dye and a curable liquid crystal compound, which are used to prepare an optical component that is vertically oriented to give a narrow viewing angle, to form an optical component, and an optical component comprising an optical component layer prepared using the same. There is provided a composition for forming an optical component comprising 0.1-90 parts by weight of a dichroic dye and 10-98.85 parts by weight of a curable liquid crystal compound, and there is also provided an optical component comprising an optical component layer in which a curable liquid crystal compound and a curable dichroic dye are vertically oriented.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, liquid crystal optical apparatus includes a first substrate unit, a second substrate unit, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate, first electrodes extending in a first direction, a first sub electrode, and a second sub electrode. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate and an opposing electrode. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first and second substrate units and. The first substrate unit including at least one selected from: a first distance between the one electrode of the first electrodes and the first sub electrode longer than a second distance between the other electrode of the first electrodes and the second sub electrode; and a first width of the first sub electrode narrower than a second width of the second sub electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a large elastic constant, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics. Also provided is an AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having a large elastic constant as a first component, and a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a second component, and has a nematic phase, and a liquid crystal display device contains the composition.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, for optical switching. In one aspect, a wavelength selective switch includes one or more optical input ports; one or more optical output ports; a first optical wavelength dispersion element configured to separate the plurality of wavelength channels of the input optical beam; a second optical wavelength dispersion element configured to combine two or more separate optical beams each having one or more different wavelengths, into a combined beam having the plurality of wavelength channels; a polarization modulator array configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through; optical components for directing optical beams corresponding to respective wavelength channels to different polarizing modulation cells; and a polarization beam splitter configured to route received optical beams to particular output paths according to polarization orientation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image display device includes an image display unit and a liquid crystal optical apparatus stacked with image display unit. The image display unit emits image light having a polarizing axis. The liquid crystal optical apparatus includes first and second substrate units and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate and first electrodes extending along a first direction. An angle between the polarizing axis and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first and second substrate units. An angle between a long-axis direction of the liquid crystal and the polarizing axis is greater than 0 degrees and less than the angle between the polarizing axis and the second direction.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate (6); a second substrate (7); a liquid crystal layer (LC); a first alignment film (606) placed on the first substrate; a second alignment film (705) placed on the second substrate; and at least one of: a transparent layer (610) contacting the first alignment film on the other side of the liquid crystal layer and being lower in volume resistivity than the first alignment film; and a transparent layer (710) contacting the second alignment film on the other side of the liquid crystal layer and being lower in volume resistivity than the second alignment film, wherein the transparent layer contains polysiloxane expressed by Chemical Formula 1: where R1 and R2 each represent an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group, and at least 30% of hydroxyl groups are contained.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for producing liquid crystal devices microwave that use metal alignment layers. The liquid crystal microwave devices include a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between metal layers, which are further sandwiched between substrate layers. At least one of the metal layers is rubbed to form micro-grooves that tend to align the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to those layers without using additional rubbed polymeric layers for the alignment. The thickness of the metal layers can be selected to yield a desired electromagnetic effect, such as constraint of propagation of microwave radiation.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal touch display panel includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, a cholesteric liquid crystal display layer, and a color sensor array. The cholesteric liquid crystal display layer is disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The cholesteric liquid crystal display layer includes a plurality of liquid crystal display units, which are used to reflect light within a wavelength range and allow light beyond the wavelength range to pass through. The color sensor array is disposed between the cholesteric liquid crystal display layer and the lower substrate. The color sensor array includes a plurality of color sensors. Each of the color sensors is disposed correspondingly to at least one liquid crystal display unit. Each of the color sensors is used to sense variations of light from the corresponding liquid crystal display unit.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, small viscosity, large optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and high stability to heat, or that is suitably balanced between at least two of the characteristics; and provided is an AM device. The liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase includes a three-ring compound having a specific difluoromethyleneoxy bond having large dielectric anisotropy as a first component, a specific three-ring compound having large dielectric anisotropy as a second component, a specific four-ring compound having high maximum temperature as a third component, and a specific two-ring compound having high maximum temperature and small viscosity as a fourth component, and the liquid crystal display device contains this composition.

Abstract: A glass apparatus for watching a polarized image is provided. The glass apparatus includes a film unit for double-refracting the polarized image when the glass apparatus is tilted; a sensor unit for detecting a slope of the glass apparatus based on a horizontal plane; a voltage driving unit for applying a driving voltage corresponding to the slope detected by the sensor unit, to a liquid crystal cell; the liquid crystal cell for switching an orientation according to the driving voltage, and changing polarization property of an image passing through the film unit according to the switched orientation; and a polarizer for polarizing the image passing through the liquid crystal cell in a preset polarization direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound having high optical anisotropy and high compatibility with a polymer resin, which is represented by Formula 1 and has at least one substituent introduced to a biphenyl mesogenic core. Also, a resin composition including the compound and a polymer resin, and an optical member including the resin composition are disclosed. In the case of an optical member obtained by using a polymer resin composition including the compound represented by Formula 1, there is no phase separation, and it is possible to achieve a required optical characteristic with only a small amount thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light or the like, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy and a suitable elastic constant K33, and further having a suitable negative dielectric anisotropy and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds.

Abstract: A birefringent film which comprises a compound having a proton-accepting group and a compound having a proton-donating group; and a birefringent film which comprises a compound having a proton-accepting group and a proton-donating group. The proton-accepting group and proton-donating group are combined with each other through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Abstract: The subject is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one characteristic of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or that is suitably balanced regarding two characteristics thereof. The subject is to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The invention provides a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy that includes a specific four-ring compound replaced by fluorine having a high maximum temperature as a first component, and a specific compound having a negatively large anisotropy as a second component, and provides a liquid crystal display device containing the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thiophene derivatives, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, and to LC media and LC displays comprising same.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light or the like, a nematic phase in a wide temperature range, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy (especially, a relatively small optical anisotropy), a large elastic constant K33 and a suitable dielectric anisotropy (especially, a relatively large dielectric anisotropy), which is represented by formula (1-1). For example, R1 and R2 are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons; the ring A1 and the ring A2 is 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; and m and n are 0, 1, 2 or 3, and the sum of m and n is 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel calamitic mesogenic compounds which are especially suitable for use in birefringent films with negative optical dispersion, to novel liquid crystal (LC) formulations and polymer films comprising them, and to the use of the compounds, formulations and films in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to mesogenic tetrahydropyran compounds having at least four rings, of the formula I in which R1, A1, A2, X1, L1, L2, m and n have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to a process for the preparation thereof, to the use thereof in liquid-crystalline media, to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

Abstract: In a polarizing liquid crystal panel and a display apparatus including the polarizing liquid crystal panel, the polarizing liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a plastic substrate, a first electrode on the plastic substrate, and a first alignment layer on the first electrode. The second substrate includes a base substrate which opposes the first substrate, a second electrode on the base substrate, and a second alignment layer on the second electrode. The liquid crystal layer is between the first and second substrates and polarizes a light using an electric field between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is provided that satisfies at least one characteristic among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or is properly balanced regarding at least two characteristics. An AM device is provided that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life, and so forth. The liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase, wherein the first component contains a specific five rings compound having a large optical anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy, the second component contains a specific compound having a low viscosity. The liquid crystal display device contains the liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase and the composition thereof.

Abstract: A luminescent solar concentrator (10) is disclosed. The luminescent solar concentrator (10) has a light guide (12) defined at least in part by a reflector (14). It has a plurality of light absorbing centers (24) located in the light guide. The light absorbing centers (24) are configured to absorb sunlight (25) instant on the light guide (12). There are a plurality of light emitting centers (26) located in the light guide (14). Each of the plurality of light emitting centers (26) are capable of emitting light (18) after at least some of the energy of the absorbed sunlight (25) is transferred (28) from a respective one of the light absorbing centers (24). Each of the plurality of light emitting centers (26) are orientated relative to the reflector (14) to enhance the proportion of light emitted by the respective light emitting center (26) that is reflected by the reflector (14) and so guided within the light guide (12).

Abstract: A tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial (MTM) filter including: a first wire grid and a second wire grid that are arranged parallel to each other; a dielectric substrate and a liquid crystal layer that are sequentially disposed between the first wire grid and the second wire grid; a plurality of metal strips that are disposed between the dielectric substrate and the liquid crystal layer; and a first control electrode electrically connected to the first wire grid and a second control electrode electrically connected to the second wire grid.

Abstract: Provided are liquid crystal compounds and mixtures incorporating the same. The liquid crystal compounds of the invention generally comprise a terminal cyclopentene group, along with at least two other ring groups.

Abstract: Subject The subject is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or that is suitably balanced regarding two or more characteristics. The subject is to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth.