Abstract: An array substrate and a display panel are provided. In the array substrate, a shield electrode is located between adjacent pixel electrodes, an electrode main part of the shield electrode is located between the adjacent pixel electrodes, an extension part of the shield electrode extends from the electrode main part in a direction toward the adjacent pixel electrodes, a groove is formed in an insulating layer, the groove is formed between the electrode main part and the pixel electrodes, the extension part extends into the groove, and at least a part of a vertical projection of the extension part on a plane of data lines is located on an outside of the data lines.

Abstract: A structured illumination apparatus includes a light modulator being disposed in an exit flux of light from a light source and in which a sonic wave propagation path is arranged in a direction traversing the exit flux of light; a driving unit generating a sonic standing wave in the sonic wave propagation path by giving a driving signal for vibrating a medium of the sonic wave propagation path to the light modulator; and an illuminating optical system making mutually different diffracted components of the exit flux of light passed through the sonic wave propagation path to be interfered with each other, and forming interference fringes of the diffracted components on an observational object.

Abstract: A substrate distortion measurement apparatus comprising one or more optical detectors arranged to measure the locations of pits or holes provided in a substrate, a memory arranged to store previously determined locations of the pits or holes in the substrate, and a comparator arranged to compare the measured locations of the pits or holes with the previously determined locations of the pits or holes, to determine distortion of the substrate.

Abstract: A donor substrate includes a base substrate; a light reflection layer on the base substrate and partially overlapping the base substrate; a light-to-heat conversion layer on the base substrate, and including a combination layer including an insulating material and a first metal material; and a transfer layer on the light-to-heat conversion layer. A ratio of the first metal material in the combination layer to the insulating material in the combination layer increases as a distance from the base substrate increases along a thickness direction of the light-to-heat conversion layer.

Abstract: An optical shutter device includes a temperature responsive gate and a photochromic attenuator arranged such that at low temperatures the device is largely transmissive to solar or other radiation within a given band of wavelengths and, at high temperatures, the device is largely nontransmissive when a flux of trigger wavelengths is present and largely transmissive when a flux of trigger wavelengths is not present.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting device (100) comprising a light source (10) arranged to generate light source light (11), an optional luminescent material and a thermally variable reflecting element (60). The optional luminescent material (205) is arranged downstream of the light source (10) and is arranged to convert at least part of the light source light (11) into luminescent material light (211). One or more of the light source (10) and the optional luminescent material (205) generate heat when the light source (10) generates light source light (11). The thermally variable reflecting element (60) is arranged downstream of the light source (10) and the optional luminescent material (205). The thermally variable reflecting element (60) has a first state wherein it is substantially reflecting and a second state wherein it is substantially transparent; heat induces a chance from the first state to the second state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for the optical calibration of the temperature of a micro-environment. The system comprises a thermochromic liquid crystal in combination with a luminophore. The steps of the method comprise providing in combination in the micro-environment at least one thermochromic liquid crystal and a luminophore, varying the temperature of the environment while irradiating the combination with light that includes light at one or more excitation wavelengths of the luminophore, and monitoring luminescence emitted by the combination while recording the temperature of the environment.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a heating layer formed on the first substrate, an insulating layer having a first opening formed on the heating layer, at least one switching device, two contact pads formed on the insulating layer, and respectively electrically connected to the scan line and the data line, a capacitor, a passivation layer covering the switching device and the capacitor, and a pixel electrode formed on the passivation layer and electrically connected to the drain of the switching device. The source of the switching device is connected to the data line. The passivation layer has a plurality of second openings exposing the contact pads.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a pair of polarization filters allows transmission of light therethrough when i) the light has a wavelength band equal to or more than a first wavelength regardless of a light oscillation direction, the wavelength band including a wavelength of infrared light and ii) the light has a wavelength band less than the first wavelength and is linearly polarized. An optical rotation control element, disposed between the paired polarization filters, allows the light to be transmitted therethrough during which optical rotation of the light is changed selectively depending on application or non-application of voltage to the optical rotation control element. The polarization filters have polarization planes, respectively, which are in parallel with each other or the polarization plane of one of the polarization filters is rotated from that of the other by an angular amount of rotation resulting from the polarization of the optical rotation control element.

Abstract: The imager includes a lens for focusing infrared light forming a thermal image onto a liquid crystal array thereby changing the temperature of the liquid crystals to alter a physical property of the liquid crystals. A source of visible polarized light is arranged to illuminate the liquid crystal array so that the polarization of light reflected from the liquid crystal array varies with changes in temperature of the liquid crystals. A cross polarizer receives and transmits therethrough the light reflected from the liquid crystal array, the cross polarizer adapted to change the intensity of the light. An imager receives and detects the change in intensity of the light from the cross polarizer so that the thermal image is recreated as an electronic signal. In a preferred embodiment, the physical property is index of refraction and the liquid crystal array includes birefringent nematic liquid crystals.

Abstract: A non-linear optical device comprising a polymer configured to be photorefractive upon irradiation by a green laser. The polymer comprises a repeating unit including a moiety selected from the group consisting of the structures (M-1), (M-2) and (M-3), as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting device (100) comprising a light source (10) arranged to generate light source light (11), an optional luminescent material and a thermally variable reflecting element (60). The optional luminescent material (205) is arranged downstream of the light source (10) and is arranged to convert at least part of the light source light (11) into luminescent material light (211). One or more of the light source (10) and the optional luminescent material (205) generate heat when the light source (10) generates light source light (11). The thermally variable reflecting element (60) is arranged downstream of the light source (10) and the optional luminescent material (205). The thermally variable reflecting element (60) has a first state wherein it is substantially reflecting and a second state wherein it is substantially transparent; heat induces a chance from the first state to the second state.

Abstract: A light blocking mask covering half of a picture element is formed on a first substrate. Thereafter, the first substrate and a second substrate are placed to face each other, and liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy are sealed between these substrates, whereby a liquid crystal panel is formed. A polymer constituent which is polymerized by light is added in advance to the liquid crystals. Next, ultraviolet is irradiated from the side of the first substrate, and, after removing the light blocking mask, ultraviolet is once again irradiated. Thus, in picture element, a region where binding force with respect to liquid crystal molecules is large (a region where a threshold voltage in transmittance-voltage characteristics is high) and a region where binding force with respect to liquid crystal molecules is small (a region where a threshold voltage in transmittance-voltage characteristics is low) are formed.

Abstract: A method of managing a user database in a mobile terminal includes, when communication using an arbitrary telephone number registered in a phone book occurs, updating a communication time of the telephone number to the time when the communication is terminated; searching for the communication time by a display request of phone book information including the telephone number; calculating a time interval from a present time to the communication time and searching for a connection period to which the calculated time interval belongs among a plurality of connection periods having different predetermined time intervals; and displaying a communication time mark corresponding to the searched connection period among a plurality of communication time marks corresponding to the plurality of connection periods with the requested phone book information.

Abstract: A display writer for writing on a light writable display of the type having a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material disposed between two conductors, the cholesteric liquid crystal material having multiple stable optical states at zero electrical field; and a light absorber for forming an image wise thermal pattern in the cholesteric liquid crystal sufficient to change the optical state of the cholesteric liquid crystal in response to an image wise pattern of light, the display writer including a flash lamp; a reflective light modulator for modulating light from the flash lamp an image wise pattern; optics for directing the image wise modulated light onto the light writable display; and means for applying an electrical field to the conductors of the display in conjunction with activation of the flash lamp.

Abstract: A display system includes a light writable display associated with an identification code and arranged to receive an image wise pattern of light to form an image on the display; a display writer for producing the image wise pattern of light for writing the image on the display; a scanner connected to the display writer for sensing the identification code; and a processor linked to the scanner and the display writer and responsive to the identification code for programming the display writer to write an image associated with the identification code.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device a substrate (1) favors at least two stable or metastable differently directed liquid crystal alignments, and switching means for causing the liquid crystal material to switch between the alignments includes means arranged for optically irradiating said device. The latter may provide linearly polarized light (3) for inducing a torque on the liquid crystal to determine the alignment direction, and may optionally cooperate with a second energy supplying means such as an electric field (V) for assisting and switching. Alternatively, the alignment of the liquid crystal may be switched by a second energy supplying means such as an electric field, the light serving to produce heat to aid the switching. Either or both energy sources may be applied locally for switching of selected areas or pixels. Energy levels at the bistable substrate may be adjusted by the use of an oligomeric additive (slippery surface).

Abstract: Laser lines at 635 nm or longer (ideally 647 nm) are preferred for red, giving energy-efficient, bright, rapid-motion images with rich, full film-comparable colors. Green and blue lines are used too—and cyan retained for best color mixing, an extra light-power boost, and aid in speckle suppression. Speckle is suppressed through beam-path displacement—by deflecting the beam during projection, thereby avoiding both absorption and diffusion of the beam while preserving pseudocollimation (noncrossing rays). The latter in turn is important to infinite sharpness. Path displacement is achieved by scanning the beam on the liquid-crystal valves (LCLVs), which also provides several enhancements—in energy efficiency, brightness, contrast, beam uniformity (by suppressing both laser-mode ripple and artifacts), and convenient beam-turning to transfer the beam between apparatus tiers.

Abstract: A display system includes a display arranged to receive an image wise pattern of light to form an image, including, a pair of conductors, at least one conductor being transparent, a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material disposed between the conductors, the liquid crystal material having multiple stable optical states at zero electrical field, and a light absorber for forming an image wise thermal pattern in the liquid crystal sufficient to change the optical state of the cholesteric liquid crystal in response to an image wise pattern of light; a display writer, including, a light source for producing a flash of light of sufficient intensity to generate sufficient heat in the light absorber to change the optical state of the cholesteric liquid crystal, a mask located between the light source and the display for defining the image wise pattern of light, a display drive connectable to the conductors for generating an electric field between the conductors for changing the optical state of the cholesteric l

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a recording method for recording an image on a thermosensible image bearing medium that contains liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal exhibits a cholesteric phase at a temperature range higher than a room temperature so as to reflect selected wavelength of light based on heated temperature within the temperature range. Since the cholesteric liquid crystal material has a different response time for each selective reflection wavelength, an optimum energy application time is required for obtaining a desired recording color. Accordingly, in the recording method, it is getting higher the heating temperature, shorter the application time. The application time can be adjusted by the pulse width and/or pulse number of the applied energy.

Abstract: A glass sheet for a liquid crystal display apparatus with a scribe groove formed thereon is divided by cooling the scribe groove and its surroundings and heating surrounding areas on both sides of the scribe groove to extend the scribe groove to a backside of the glass sheet, resulting in uniform distribution of residual stress on a cutting area. Also disclosed is a method for cutting a thin sheet of brittle material such as glass or ceramics by extending a scribe groove without deformation or impact so that peeling or cracking is reduced.

Abstract: A heat reversible recording medium is disclosed which includes a cholesteric liquid crystal compound. By selective application of differing temperature profiles, regions of the recording medium can be fixed in states which selectively reflect light in different wavelengths thus providing the ability to fix color images in the medium. The disclosure also includes a method of recording a color image using a medium which includes a cholesteric liquid crystal compound, an apparatus for fixing an image in the recording medium as well as several cholesteric liquid crystal compounds which are suitable for use in the method and apparatus.

Abstract: A reversible recording medium has a support, a reversible light absorbing layer formed on the support, and, a reversible cholesteric reflection layer formed on the reversible light absorbing layer, containing a cholesteric liquid crystalline compound capable of assuming a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase reversibly showing iridescent colors by selective reflection. A method for reversibly recording an image in the above-mentioned recording medium, and a reversible recording apparatus using the above-mentioned recording medium are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical recording film in the form of a monomolecular layer, includes chemisorptive molecules that are chemically bonded by covalent bonding to a surface of a substrate. The optical recording film has the property that, when irradiated with polarized light, a long axis orientation of the chemisorptive molecules is changed to a direction in which the polarized light is irradiated. A reflective film may be formed on the substrate surface. For the chemisorptive molecules it is possible to use CH3—COO—C6H4—(CH2)6—SiCl3, for example. The molecules undergo a dehydrochlorination with active hydrogen in the base material surface, and are chemically bonded to the base material surface by covalent bonding. Thus, an erasable or a write-once optical recording medium of high density can be provided by chemisorption without necessitating vacuum vapor deposition to form the recording layer.

Abstract: Laser lines at 635 nm or longer (ideally 647 nm) are preferred for red, giving energy-efficient, bright, rapid-motion images with rich, full film-comparable colors. Green and blue lines are used too—and cyan retained for best color mixing, an extra light-power boost, and aid in speckle suppression. Speckle is suppressed through beam-path displacement—by deflecting the beam during projection, thereby avoiding both absorption and diffusion of the beam while preserving pseudocollimation (noncrossing rays). The latter in turn is important to infinite sharpness. Path displacement is achieved by scanning the beam on the liquid-crystal valves (LCLVs), which also provides several enhancements—in energy efficiency, brightness, contrast, beam uniformity (by suppressing both laser-mode ripple and artifacts), and convenient beam-turning to transfer the beam between apparatus tiers.

Abstract: According to the present invention, no gap occurs in the joint between adjacent blocks when a design is marked in several blocks. In a liquid crystal laser marker for making a liquid crystal mask (2) with a plurality of pixels display a design to be marked on workpieces and for transmitting a laser beam through the liquid crystal mask to a workpiece so that the design will be marked on the workpiece, the liquid crystal mask is such that the pixels at all or part of the outermost sides have a size which is different from that of the inner pixels. The liquid crystal laser marker further includes a controller (11), when a design is divided into several blocks (1, 1, 1) and one of the blocks is displayed on the liquid crystal mask, the controller controls the liquid crystal mask such that a marking position of the block currently displayed on the liquid crystal mask overlaps a marking position of a block adjacent to the currently displayed block by a given length (L.sub.1, L.sub.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device Includes a liquid crystal panel having a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and the second substrates. A first polarizer is on the first substrate and a second polarizer on the second substrate. A backlight produces light and a light guide plate adjacent the backlight guides the light from the backlight to the liquid crystal panel. A light diffusion plate is between the liquid crystal panel and the light guide plate. A temperature controlling member controls the temperature of the liquid crystal panel to be within a set range and the temperature controlling member is connected to the liquid crystal panel and the heating plate.

Abstract: An optically anisotropic recording medium and a method of recording and erasing method using the recording medium are disclosed, which comprises the steps of applying heat or light to the recording medium which comprises a recording layer made of optically anisotropic organic thin-film-shaped crystals to raise the temperature of an organic material or which comprises the optically anisotropic organic thin-film-shaped crystals to a recording temperature at which the crystals are fused, performing partial changing of the crystalline state of the crystals by rapidly cooling the recording layer, thereby recording information in the recording layer; and heating the recording layer to an erasing temperature which is lower than the recording temperature, at which the crystals are not fused, but the molecules thereof can be thermally moved.

Abstract: An alignment-film in which the pretilt angle is changed by ultraviolet irradiation, a material for forming the same, a liquid crystal display device using the alignment film, a method for producing an alignment-film formation material, and a method for producing an alignment film. Ultraviolet irradiation causes large changes in pretilt angle but few changes in electrical characteristics, and a liquid crystal display device free from deterioration of the liquid crystal, image sticking, or the occurrence of flicker results. A first polymer forms the underlying principal layer and a second polymer forms thereon a surface layer thinner than the principal layer. The first polymer may exhibit a small change in electrical characteristics due to ultraviolet radiation and the second polymer may exhibit a large change in pretilt angle due to ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: An electric cell comprises first and second parallel flexible substrates, set apart from each other at a determined spacing, carrying electrodes on their opposing faces, the substrates enclosing between them a layer of sensitive material which can change its physical properties, in particular its optical properties, as a result of a voltage applied to the electrodes, or change its electrical properties as a result of stress or radiation passing through one of the substrates, the sensitive material being protected from contact with the atmosphere by a sealing frame which connects, in a sealed manner, peripheral parts of the substrates, said frame having a width parallel to the substrates.

Abstract: Closely packed small particles dispersed in a liquid crystalline phase, whereby the particles can be moved toward one another by external influence, constitute a liquid crystalline medium permitting the generation of bistable images without the requirement of matching the indices of refraction of the components.

Abstract: A reversible display medium comprising substrate 1 having thereon recording layer 2 containing a side chain type high polymeric liquid crystal capable of repeatedly and reversibly switching between a transparent state and a light-scattered state by the action of heat, an electrical field or a magnetic field, wherein said side chain type high polymeric liquid crystal is a copolymer comprising at least one liquid crystal monomer unit and at least one non-liquid crystal monomer unit having a hydrogen bond-forming substituent, e.g., a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic group or a phosphoric group. The display medium is excellent in durability on repeated use, heat sensitivity, display contrast, and record preservability.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device a substrate (1) favors at least two stable or metastable differently directed liquid crystal alignments, and switching means for causing the liquid crystal material to switch between the alignments includes means arranged for optically irradiating said device. The latter may provide linearly polarized light (3) for inducing a torque on the liquid crystal to determine the alignment direction, and may optionally cooperate with a second energy supplying means such as an electric field (V) for assisting and switching. Alternatively, the alignment of the liquid crystal may be switched by a second energy supplying means such as an electric field, the light serving to produce heat to aid the switching. Either or both energy sources may be applied locally for switching of selected areas or pixels. Energy levels at the bistable substrate may be adjusted by the use of an oligomeric additive (slippery surface).