Abstract: The present invention relates to electro-optical switching elements and displays comprising them. In particular, it relates to electro-optical switching elements comprising at least a light reflecting layer, a light switching layer, and a light conversion layer, which comprises one or more light emitting substances, in particular, a light reflecting layer, which selectively reflects visible light, a light controlling element that controls the amount of transmitted and/or reflected light, and a light converting layer that shifts the wavelength of the transmitted light to longer values. The displays give bright images under either bright or dark conditions with small power consumption. They are particularly suitable for so called liquid crystal, electronic paper (e-paper) and MEMS switching applications.

Abstract: An optical film for reducing color shift in an LCD is disposed in front of a liquid crystal panel of the LCD. The optical film includes a background layer, a plurality of engraved lens sections formed in the background layer such that the engraved lens sections are spaced apart from each other, and packed portions, each of the packed portions being disposed inside a respective one of the engraved lens sections. The refractive index of the packed portions is different from that of the background layer. The packed portions are partially packed inside the engraved lens sections. The refractive index of the packed portions is greater than that of the background layer. The background layer and the packed portions are made of transparent polymer resin.

Abstract: An electro-optic device is provided. In the electro-optic device, when a groove is sealed to be hollow, a sacrificial film is formed in the groove before forming a first sealing film, the first sealing film is formed, and then the sacrificial film is removed through a penetration portion of the first sealing film. A second sealing film is formed on the first sealing film, and the penetration portion of the first sealing film is blocked by the second sealing film. For this reason, it is possible to form the first sealing film to block an opening portion of the groove, and it is possible to prevent the first sealing film from being formed up to the inside of the groove.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes first pixels and second pixels which are adjacent to one another and are partitioned by light shielding portions. The liquid crystal device also includes an element substrate, an opposing substrate which is disposed to oppose the element substrate, a liquid crystal layer which is disposed between the element substrate and the opposing substrate, first micro lenses which correspond to the first pixels which are disposed on the opposing substrate, and second micro lenses which correspond to the second pixels and have different lens diameters from the first micro lenses. A boundary between the first micro lenses and the second micro lenses is disposed in a region which overlaps the light shielding portions in plan view.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens is disclosed, comprising a plurality of lens units, wherein each lens unit comprises a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, an insulating layer disposed on the first substrate, and a first electrode and a first floating electrode disposed at opposite sides of the insulating layer, wherein the first electrode comprises a first portion neighboring a first side of the lens unit and a second portion neighboring a second side of the lens unit, and the first floating electrode comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion of the first floating electrode is partially overlapped with the first portion of the first electrode, and the second portion of the first floating electrode is partially overlapped with the second portion of the first electrode.

Abstract: The invention provides an LCD module and an LCD device. The LCD module includes a backlight module, and an LCD panel arranged above the backlight module; the backlight module includes a backplane, and an optical film(s); a side wall(s) of the backplane is provided with a limit structure which is integrated with the backplane, and the edge of the LCD panel is butted on the limit structure. In the invention, because the corresponding limit structure is arranged on the side wall of the backplane to limit the degree of freedom of the LCD panel in the plane direction of the panel surface, the rubber frame is not required to limit the degree of freedom of the LCD panel in the plane direction of the panel surface; thus, the structure of the rubber frame is simplified, the material of the rubber frame is saved, and the processing cost is saved.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a microlens array substrate, which is a manufacturing method of electro-optic device substrate, includes a step of forming concave portions, each of which corresponds to each of a plurality of pixels, by etching a first surface of a light transmitting substrate, a step of forming a lens layer including microlenses formed by filling at least the concave portions with a lens material having a refractive index greater than that of the substrate, a step of flattening a second surface of the lens layer opposite to a surface in which the microlenses are formed, a step of forming a light shielding film that surrounds a display area, in which each of the plurality of pixels is arranged, on the flattened second surface, and a step of forming a light transmitting path layer that covers the second surface on which the light shielding film is formed.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid crystal display apparatus and a light-emitting display apparatus. The liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, sub-pixels and an array of cylindrical lenses. Each sub-pixel includes an opening section or sections whose total length taken along the first direction at each of positions ranging in the second direction is constant. In each row of the sub-pixels, the opening sections are arranged such that moving average values of positions of a center of gravity of the opening sections fluctuate within a predetermined range, where the moving average values are calculated by obtaining positions of the center of gravity of the opening sections taken along the first direction at plural positions ranging in the second direction and by averaging the obtained positions within a spot width of the cylindrical lenses for each of the positions ranging in the second direction.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes providing a structural element that provides a predetermined gap between a first substrate and a second substrate to at least one of the first and second substrates, forming an alignment film on each of the first and second substrates, and subjecting the alignment film formed on each of the first and second substrates to a rubbing process. The structural element is formed after the alignment film is formed and before or after the rubbing process is performed.

Abstract: A surface light source unit includes, in the following order: a light source; a light collecting sheet having light collection portions on at least one side of the light collecting sheet; and a light transmissive substrate having a flat portion and recesses on at least one side of the light transmissive substrate.

Abstract: A multi-view display is arranged to display views directed to respective viewing zones, comprising pluralities of imaging units and color filters, each of said color filters is associated with one of said imaging units, the color filters being arranged according to a first pitch and in a first sequence of colors, and a barrier including a plurality of color portions comprising color filter material, the color portions being arranged according to a second pitch that is substantially equal to twice the first pitch and in a second sequence of colors that corresponds to the first sequence of colors when reversed in order, the barrier is positioned so that light exits the display panel after passing through one color portion and one color filter and the color portions of the barrier are configured to cooperate with the color filters to selectively direct said light to the first and second viewing zones.

Abstract: A display method of forming an image by using a plurality of pixels includes projecting light beams from the plurality of pixels on a pupil of an eye of an observer, and each diameter of the light beams which are incident on the pupil is smaller than a diameter of the pupil. Moreover, a display apparatus which displays an image having a plurality of pixels includes a micro lens array having a lens corresponding to each pixel, and a plurality of light exit points is formed corresponding to each pixel. Furthermore, an electronic equipment has the display apparatus installed thereon.

Abstract: The LCD sequentially comprises, from bottom to top, a backlight module, a first polarizer, a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a second substrate, and a second polarizer. The second substrate comprises plural transparent areas thereon. The first substrate comprises plural light-focusing arrays. Each of the light-focusing arrays comprises plural high-refractive areas and low-refractive areas disposed between the high-refractive areas. The plural high-refractive areas comprises a first high-refractive area and plural second high-refractive area disposed on two sides of the high-refractive areas symmetrically, wherein the widths of the second high-refractive areas are the same and smaller than the width of the first high-refractive area.

Abstract: A method of forming liquid crystal cell for a color display device includes forming a liquid crystal layer and a prism structure between top and bottom substrates. Forming the prism structure includes forming a lens shaped die, coating a low refractive index resin on the lens shaped die, pasting the lens shaped die to the top substrate, and irradiating the coated low refractive index resin so as to set the low refractive index resin and form a low refractive index layer. The lens shaped die is removed from the low refractive index layer, a high refractive index resin is coated on the low refractive index layer by use of a planarizing die. The coated high refractive index resin is irradiated so as to set the high refractive index resin and form a high refractive index layer, and the planarizing die is removed from the high refractive index layer.

Abstract: Optical films are described having a polymerized microstructured surface that comprises the reaction product of a polymerizable resin composition comprising at least one polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated triphenyl monomer. Also described are certain triphenyl(meth)acrylate monomers and polymerizable resin compositions.

Abstract: A disclosed apparatus includes a display device having a polarizer, a liquid crystal panel having a first liquid crystal region and a second liquid crystal region of different liquid crystal orientations, and a lenticular lens having a cavity to contain a third liquid crystal region and a fourth liquid crystal region of different liquid crystal orientations, wherein the liquid crystal panel is disposed between the lenticular lens and the display device, and the first liquid crystal region corresponds to the third liquid crystal region, and the second liquid crystal region corresponds to the fourth liquid crystal region.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a detecting device of a birefringent lens grating. The detecting device includes a projection pattern disposed adjacent to the birefringent lens grating; an illuminating light source for projecting light onto the projection pattern and the birefringent lens grating; an image capturing device for capturing the light out from the birefringent lens grating and obtaining a projection pattern image of the projection pattern; and a controller for comparing the projection pattern image with a reference to determine a refractive index matching degree of the birefringent lens grating. The present disclosure further provides a detecting method, a manufacture method and a manufacture device of the birefringent lens grating.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an electro-optical material, a first lens which is arranged at an incident side of the light and is provided so as to correspond to a pixel, and a condenser lens which is arranged at an emitting side of the light and is provided so as to correspond to the pixel. Condensation degrees of the first lens are larger than that of the second lens, and distances between the first lens and the electro-optical material are smaller than distances between the second lens and the electro-optical material.

Abstract: There are provided a display that achieves a smaller frame size than in the past, a method of manufacturing the display, and an electronic unit including the display. The display includes: a display panel having an effective display region and a frame region located at the periphery of the effective display region; and a lens component provided on a viewing surface side of the display panel, the lens component having a lens function section in part or all of a circumferential region thereof. A visible outline on a lens-function-section side of the lens component is disposed outside a visible outline of the frame region of the display panel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an optical sheet for controlling the direction of light rays which is used for manufacturing backlight units of TFT-LCDs for computer monitors and televisions, and more specifically to an optical sheet which can uniformly diffuse light, improve brightness, and adjust viewing angle. There is provided an optical sheet for controlling the direction of light rays comprising a substrate film; a microlens group arranged on a first face of the substrate film; and a plurality of protuberances formed on a second face of the substrate film, wherein each protuberance comprises a reflective layer at the bottom thereof, and the plurality of protuberances comprise an aperture formed therebetween, and wherein a unit microlens of the microlens group has a first side and a second side with different radii of curvature from each other with respect to a light emission control part thereof.

Abstract: A light-condensing means and a pixel electrode may be formed on the same surface side of a substrate, and a region transmitting visible light in the pixel electrode may be provided so as to overlap with an optical axis of the light-condensing means. An anisotropic light-condensing means having a condensing direction X and a non-condensing direction Y may be used, and the light-condensing means may be provided so that the non-condensing direction Y corresponds to a longitudinal direction of the region transmitting visible light in the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A thin backlight system includes: a light emitting section emitting lights that have different dominant wavelengths; and a plurality of light transmitting portions, the thin backlight system deflecting the lights and then converging the lights on the plurality of light transmitting portions. The thin backlight system further includes: an imaging optical system provided to face surfaces, of the plurality of light transmitting portions, on which the lights are converged. The imaging optical system including a plurality of identical lenses arranged in a vertical and/or a horizontal direction at a pitch determined by multiplying a pitch at which the plurality of light transmitting portions are arranged in a vertical and/or a horizontal direction by the number of types of the different dominant wavelengths and being configured to converge the lights from the light emitting section on light transmitting portions to which the different dominant wavelengths of the lights correspond.

Abstract: Provided is a backlight device having: a light source element having light emitting diodes and a lens expanding light from the light emitting diodes; a housing containing the light source element; a diffuser plate covering an opening portion of the housing; and a reflection sheet reflecting light emitted from the light source element, toward the diffuser plate. In the light source element, a plurality of the lenses are arranged at a central zone, the plurality of lenses being arranged in a plurality of rows.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate that is arranged on a light input side; a second substrate that is arranged on a light output side; a liquid crystal layer that is arranged between the first and second substrates; a first microlens that is provided on the first substrate such that an optical axis is tilted to a normal line direction of the first substrate; and a second microlens that is provided on the second substrate such that an optical axis is tilted to a normal line direction of the second substrate, in which a focal point of the first microlens is located on a curved surface of the second microlens, or on the light output side rather than the curved surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a lens array unit having a cylindrical lens array constituted by a plurality of cylindrical lenses each having a lens surface and a generatrix corresponding to the lens surface. The lens surface is arranged in a line in a direction orthogonally crossing the generatrix. A first substrate is arranged at a back side of the lens array unit and includes a pixel electrode in a belt shape extending in a different direction from the direction in which the generatrix extends. The pixel electrode is formed in a V character shape. A second substrate is arranged between the lens array unit and the first substrate including a counter electrode in a belt shape commonly arranged on the pixel electrodes extending in a parallel direction to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field type has characteristics in the following respects. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two substrates. Two polarizing plates are provided on a side of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer such that the light transmission axes thereof are orthogonal to each other. A first electrode and a second electrode are formed on one of the two substrates. The liquid crystal is driven by an electric field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode. The polarizing plate, formed on one of the two substrates, is formed of a protective film, a polarizer, and two negative biaxial films. The two negative biaxial films include first and second negative biaxial films. The first negative biaxial film and the second negative biaxial film are entirely overlapped, and are disposed on a side of one or the other substrate.

Abstract: Capacitance between a detection capacitor and a reset transistor is the largest among the capacitances between the detection capacitor and transistors placed around the detection capacitor. In order to reduce this capacitance, it is effective to reduce the channel width of the reset transistor. It is possible to reduce the effective channel width by distributing, in the vicinity of the channel of the reset transistor and the boundary line between an active region and an element isolation region, ions which enhance the generation of carriers of an opposite polarity to the channel.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal layer is interposed between first and second substrates. The liquid crystal device includes a light-shielding layer formed in a lattice shape and a condensing lens condensing light incident on the side of the first substrate into the inside of an opening portion of a light-shielding section. In the second substrate, a prism element condensing the light which has been incident from the side of the first substrate and has passed and spread through the condensing lens, the liquid crystal layer, and the opening portion is disposed at a position overlapping the light-shielding layer in a plan view. The prism element includes a groove formed in the second substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming an optical element for a color display device includes forming a lens shaped die, coating a low refractive index photo-setting resin on the lens shaped die, pasting the lens shaped die to a substrate, and irradiating the coated low refractive index photo-setting resin so as to set the low refractive index resin and form a low refractive index layer. The lens shaped die is removed from the low refractive index layer set on the substrate, a high refractive index photo-setting resin is coated on the low refractive index layer by use of a planarizing die, and the coated high refractive index photo-setting resin is irradiated so as to set the high refractive index resin and form a high refractive index layer. The planarizing die is then from the high refractive index layer set on the low refractive index layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided. The device includes a liquid crystal display panel, a grey lever inversion compensation film and a light enhancement module. The liquid crystal display panel has a relatively high aperture ratio, a display side and a rear side. The grey level inversion compensation film is disposed on the liquid crystal display panel at the display side. The light enhancement module is disposed on the liquid crystal display panel at the rear side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided. The device includes a liquid crystal display panel, a grey lever inversion compensation film and a light enhancement module. The liquid crystal display panel has a relatively high aperture ratio, a display side and a rear side. The grey level inversion compensation film is disposed on the liquid crystal display panel at the display side. The light enhancement module is disposed on the liquid crystal display panel at the rear side.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display panel is a display panel for three-dimensional display in which pixel pairs as display elements composed of one left-eye pixel L and right-eye pixel R each are provided in a matrix. The lenticular lens is an optical member for image separation that is provided to separate the light from the left and right pixels, and numerous lenticular lenses form a lens array that is arranged in one dimension. An anisotropic scattering sheet as an anisotropic scattering element is provided between the lenticular lens and the reflective liquid crystal display panel. In this configuration, a reduction in the quality of the reflective display can be minimized, and improved image quality can be achieved without changing the concavo-convex structure of the reflecting panel and the lens shape of the lenticular lens in display device that is capable of displaying different images to a plurality of viewpoints.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate is provided on which a plurality of microlenses is arranged, and the collection efficiency of a first microlens is lower than the collection efficiency of a second microlens positioned further to the outside edge sides than the first microlens.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes: a liquid crystal cell; a first polarizing plate placed on one side of the liquid crystal cell; a second polarizing plate and a third polarizing plate placed on another side of the liquid crystal cell in the stated order from a side of the liquid crystal cell; a first retardation plate placed between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizing plate; and a second retardation plate placed between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizing plate, in which: refractive index ellipsoids of the first retardation plate and the second retardation plate exhibit a relationship of nx>ny>nz; and a transmittance (T2) of the second polarizing plate is larger than a transmittance (T1) of the first polarizing plate, and a transmittance (T3) of the third polarizing plate is equal to or larger than the transmittance (T1) of the first polarizing plate.

Abstract: A micro lens array substrate includes a substrate having optical transparency and a lens layer having optical transparency and a different refractive index from that of the substrate, which is formed in such a manner as to fill in a concave portion arranged in one surface of the substrate in the X-direction, the Y-direction, and the W-direction. A through-hole is provided in the lens layer, between the adjacent concave portions in the W-direction in the lens layer, and the lens layer is continuous between the adjacent concave portions in the X-direction or in the Y-direction.

Abstract: An optical film for reducing color shift is provided in front of a display panel. The optical film includes a background layer, and a plurality of lens parts, which are spaced apart from each other, engraved or embossed on the background layer. The lens parts diffuse light incident thereon and then to mix the diffused light with light passing between the lens parts. The lens parts have a depth to width ratio of 0.25 or more, a spacing to pitch ratio ranging from 0.5 to 0.95, and a pitch of 45 ?m or less. A display device may include the optical film.

Abstract: A wafer level method of manufacturing a liquid crystal optical device removes the need for a rigid barrier fillet while minimizing any risk of contamination of the liquid crystal. An uncured adhesive may be deposited on a bottom substrate and partially cured to form a liquid crystal barrier. After addition of the liquid crystal and a top substrate, the adhesive is fully cured to bond the substrate layers together. An uncured adhesive may be used together with the partially cured adhesive, and may be deposited separately or filled into an extracellular matrix surrounding a plurality of liquid crystal cells. The adhesive may be cured by a variety of means, including light that may be spatially modulated. One or both of the substrates may be deformed during assembly so as to create a structure with a lensing effect on light passing through the liquid crystal region.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a display device having a high contrast ratio. Another object of the invention is to manufacture such a high-performance display device at low cost. In a display device having a display element between a pair of light-transmissive substrates, polarizer-including layers, which have different wavelength distributions of extinction coefficients, are stacked so that absorption axes are in a parallel nicol state, over each light-transmissive substrate. Absorption axes of one of a pair of stacks of polarizers and the other together which interpose the display element are deviated from a cross nicol state. A retardation plate may be provided between the stack of polarizing plates and the substrate.

Abstract: In a display which includes a plurality of light exit point groups, and a plurality of lenses which project the plurality of light exit point groups, the light exit point group includes at least one light exit point, and each lens is disposed such that an image of the light exit point group is projected to be overlapped, and projected images of the plurality of lenses are formed on a pupil of an eye of an observer by making overlapping of light exit points in the light exit point group which have been overlapped upon being projected by the lenses, incident on a pupil of the eye of the observer.

Abstract: An electronic image device includes a display unit that displays an image; and a barrier portion disposed over the display unit and configured to control transmission of the image to a user. The barrier portion includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposing each other to define a space in which interception portions and lens portions are to be alternately disposed. The barrier portion further includes a common electrode disposed over one surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first electrode disposed at a region corresponding to each of the interception portions, and a second electrode including a plurality of sub-electrodes and disposed at a region corresponding to each of the lens portions.

Abstract: A volumetric display for displaying three dimensional (3D) images. The volumetric display uses a flat panel display to output light into a volumetric diffuser, and an array of electrowetting lenses between the flat panel display and the volumetric diffuser to direct light emitted by one or more of the pixels of the flat panel display toward a location within the display volume such that the location is illuminated brighter than other locations within the display volume.

Abstract: A microlens includes a lens center portion having a lens-curved surface and a lens circumference portion having a linear side surface. In the case where length of the side surface is taken as L1, length of an aperture is taken as Ax, an angle formed by a normal of the side surface and incident light on the microlens is taken as ?1, and an angle formed by the normal of the side surface and output light from the microlens is taken as ?2, a relational expression of Equation 1 is satisfied.

Abstract: Optical films are described having a polymerized microstructured surface that comprises the reaction product of a polymerizable resin composition comprising at least one polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated triphenyl monomer. Also described are certain triphenyl (meth)acrylate monomers and polymerizable resin compositions.

Abstract: Moirés due to interference between two liquid crystal display panels in a display device which achieves three-dimensional displaying by using two liquid crystal display panels is to be prevented. By disposing a lenticular lens array between an upper liquid crystal display panel and a lower liquid crystal display panel, moirés and image blurs are prevented. This configuration can prevent the luminance levels and contrast of images from dropping.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a flat panel display device includes a flat display panel having a pair of long sides and a pair of short sides, a face panel disposed in front of the flat display panel, a lenticular lens array disposed on an inner surface of the face panel, the inner surface facing the flat display panel, and an adhesive disposed along at least one of the pair of long sides of the flat display panel and attaching the flat display panel and the face panel to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are various lenticular display systems that include either a color filter array (CFA) or a colored lens array that is spaced from the pixels of an underlying display panel. In an embodiment, the CFA of a lenticular display may be operable to provides a locally ‘static color’ reproduction of images as a function of viewing angle. It may also enable the resolution of the CFA to be relatively coarse. Both separating the CFA from the panel and reducing the resolution significantly may reduce the system cost and allow higher resolution to be realized.

Abstract: Techniques and devices are disclosed to enhance or increase the viewing angle of liquid crystal display (LCD) device through the use of one or more types of optical films. Such optical films can include arrays of prism structures and/or diffractive elements that redirect light that has passed through an LCD panel. The prism structures and/or diffractive elements can be spaced on an optical film to enable at least a portion of the light travelling through the LCD panel to pass through the optical film without being redirected. Various types of prism structures and/or diffractive elements can be used, and they can be configured on the optical film differently to enable different functionality.

Abstract: An optical sheet, a backlight device, and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The beam-condensing optical sheet includes a large number of irregularity portions arranged on one main surface of a light-transmissive base, in which a pitch of arrangement of the irregularity portions is 110 ?m or more and 330 ?m or less, and surface roughness (Ra) of the irregularity portion is 0.1 ?m or less.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystal is held in a cell between a first substrate and second substrate opposed to each other, an illumination device which is placed on a side of the first substrate of the liquid crystal panel; a polarization layer containing a dichroic dye that has lyotropic liquid crystal properties which is formed by application on a surface of the first substrate of the liquid crystal panel that is opposite from the liquid crystal; and a condenser lens which condenses light from the illumination device to an interior of the cell, and/or a resin layer which protects the polarization layer, which are disposed on a top surface of the polarization layer.

Abstract: In a display apparatus which includes a liquid crystal layer, two electrode layers which sandwich the liquid crystal layer, and a black matrix, and the black matrix has a plurality of light exit points which transmit light, and a light exit point group includes at least one light exit point, and the display apparatus has a plurality of lenses which project the light exit point group, and the plurality of lenses project images of the light exit point groups to be overlapped, and projected images of the plurality of lenses are formed on a retina of an eye of an observer by inducing overlapping of light exit points in the light exit point group which have been overlapped upon being projected by the lenses, on a pupil of the eye of the observer.