Abstract: A liquid crystal includes first and second substrates, the first substrate including intersecting data lines and scan lines. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched therebetween. Also, a plurality of sub-pixels districted by data lines and gate lines, and arranged along the long-axis and the short-axis directions in a matrix. A pixel electrode in the sub-pixels includes a central portion. A common electrode including linear electrodes arranged along the data lines and disposed with gaps therebetween. Sub-pixels are bent at the center portion, such that the linear electrodes or the gaps in both sides of the sub-pixels are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the long-axis direction. At least one of the linear electrodes or at least one of the gaps has a bent portion at the central portion of the respective pixel electrode. The common electrode is provided on liquid crystal layer side over the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to an aspect of the disclosure includes a liquid crystal panel including an element substrate, a counter substrate facing the element substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the element substrate and the counter substrate, an incident-side linear polarizing plate arranged on a light-incident side of the liquid crystal layer, and an emission-side linear polarizing plate arranged on a light-emission side of the liquid crystal layer. Each of the element substrate and the counter substrate uses a resin film as base material. A plurality of insulating films are formed on the base material. A contact hole is formed in the plurality of insulating films, the contact hole being rectangular in plan view. Either a long side or a short side of the contact hole is parallel with an absorption axis of the incident-side linear polarizing plate or the emission-side linear polarizing plate.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a display device includes: a display unit; a light source device that irradiates the display unit with light, and that includes a plurality of luminous bodies; at least one power reception unit that receives power for the light source device; and at least one power transmission unit that wirelessly transmits power to the power reception unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a retarder plate with adjustable dispersion of retardation. The retarder can form a quarter-wave plate that exhibits a reverse or flat dispersion of retardation.

Abstract: Each of branch portions 62ae of a pixel electrode 62a and inclined portions S1k of data lines S1 extends in a direction different from an x direction and a y direction in a pixel region PA and inclined with respect to the y direction. Further, a liquid crystal layer 203 is orientated in a direction different from the x direction and the y direction in the pixel region PA and inclined with respect to the y direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which is a reflective liquid crystal display includes: a front substrate; a rear substrate; and a liquid crystal material layer disposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate, wherein an optical design is performed such that an extreme value of a liquid crystal applied voltage-reflectance curve in a state of being observed from a normal observing direction is shifted further to a lower voltage side than an extreme value of a liquid crystal applied voltage-reflectance curve in a state of being observed from a direction deviated from the normal observing direction, and wherein an anisotropic scatterer disposed such that a direction where scattering characteristics are the maximum is aligned with the normal observing direction is provided on the front substrate side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal panel including a pair of substrates that sandwiches a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules exhibiting a parallel alignment in an initial alignment state, and a polarizing plate disposed on either side of the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal molecules are inclined at a pretilt angle and aligned in a predetermined direction in planes of the substrates. The liquid crystal panel emits light entering through one of the polarizing plates toward the other. The liquid crystal panel emits light having the maximum intensity in a direction different from a direction normal to the substrates. The azimuth of the maximum-light-intensity direction projected onto the planes of the substrates is substantially parallel to the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate has a curved first side. The Range of curvature radius of the first side is between 500 mm and 10000 mm. On the first substrate is defined at least a datum line. The included angle of the datum line and the first side is between 80 degrees and 100 degrees. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer has a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. Wherein, the liquid crystal molecules at the datum line corresponding in a pixel area have a first tilt direction and a second tilt direction respectively, and the first tilt direction and the second tilt direction are different.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display device switchable between a mirror mode and a display mode. The display device includes a display panel, a polarizing element and a reflective polarizer. The display panel has a light-emitting surface for emitting a polarized light. The polarizing element has an absorption axis, and is disposed on a side adjacent to the light-emitting surface. The polarizing element is switchable between a polarizing mode and a non-polarizing mode. When the polarizing element is operated in the polarizing mode, the polarizing element absorbs a polarized light in the polarization direction parallel with the absorption axis. When the polarizing element is operated in the non-polarizing mode, the polarizing element allows the polarized light emitted from the display panel to pass there through. The reflective polarizer is disposed between the display panel and the polarizing element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first polarizer; a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned in parallel with a substrate of the liquid crystal cell; a first compensation film; and a second polarizer, wherein, as viewed perpendicularly to the substrate, an absorption axis of the first polarizer is parallel with an optical axis of the first compensation film, and an angle ? between the absorption axis of the first polarizer and an optical axis of the liquid crystal layer satisfies 0°<?, in a cross section of the liquid crystal cell as viewed along a transmission axis of the first polarizer, an optical axis of the liquid crystal layer and the optical axis of the first compensation film have a tilt angle in the same direction to a face of the substrate, and the first compensation film has a positive birefringence.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus comprises a liquid crystal display device, a first polarizer and a diffractive optical element. The first polarizer is disposed on a light emitting side of the liquid crystal display device. An azimuth angle of a polarizing direction of the first polarizer is 90 degrees. The diffractive optical element is disposed on the light emitting side of the liquid crystal display device and comprises at least a first diffraction grating. An azimuth angle of a grating direction of the first diffraction grating is 10±30 degrees or 85±25 degrees.

Abstract: A light absorption anisotropic film, wherein content of a liquid crystalline non-colorable low molecular weight compound is 30% by mass or less; and which is obtained by fixing the alignment of a dichroic dye composition comprising at least one type of azo-based dichroic dye having nematic liquid crystallinity; and shows a diffraction peak derived from a periodic structure in a direction parallel to the alignment axis on measurement of X-ray diffraction. The light absorption anisotropic film is high in dichroism.

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus includes a display device, a liquid crystal panel, and a lens unit. The display device is configured to output polarized lights of one or more images with a first polarization direction. The liquid crystal panel is coupled to the display device and contains a plurality of pixel display areas to receive the polarized lights. The display areas can be individually controlled by corresponding active switches to a first state in which the first polarization direction is transformed into a second polarization direction or a second state in which the first polarization direction is maintained. Further, the lens unit is coupled to the liquid crystal panel and is configured to guide the polarized lights with the second polarization direction to pass through for 2D display and to guide polarized lights with the first polarization direction into predetermined transmitting directions for 3D display.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid crystal lens, an optical filter, and a display device. The exemplary liquid crystal lens may exhibit optical anisotropy and optical isotropy according to a polarization state of incident light. When the liquid crystal lens is applied to a display device capable of generating a 2D image and a 3D image, the 3D image may be seen without glasses in the state of the optical anisotropy, and the 2D image can be seen in the state of the optical isotropy.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device provided with light fastness, stabilized alignment of liquid crystal, and excellent display quality by a polymer layer disposed on a photo-alignment film. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which at least one of a pair of substrates includes a polymer layer, a photo-alignment film, and an electrode in the stated order from a liquid crystal layer side; the photo-alignment film aligns liquid crystal molecules horizontally; a polarization transmission axis direction of a polarizing element in observation surface side of a liquid crystal cell is along an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules at a voltage lower than the threshold voltage; and a material constituting the photo-alignment film contains a material for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a direction crossing a polarization direction of polarized light by polarized light irradiated to the photo-alignment film.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device provided with light fastness, stabilized alignment of liquid crystal, and excellent display quality. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which at least one of a pair of substrates includes a photo-alignment film, and an electrode in the stated order from the liquid crystal layer side; the photo-alignment film aligns liquid crystal molecules horizontally to the photo-alignment film surface; a polarization transmission axis direction of a polarizing element in the observation surface side of the liquid crystal cell crosses an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules at a voltage lower than the threshold voltage in the liquid crystal layer; and a material constituting the photo-alignment film contains a material for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a direction crossing a polarization direction of polarized light by polarized light irradiated to the photo-alignment film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal panel including a pair of substrates that sandwiches a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules exhibiting a parallel alignment in an initial alignment state, and a polarizing plate disposed on either side of the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal molecules are inclined at a pretilt angle and aligned in a predetermined direction in planes of the substrates. The liquid crystal panel emits light entering through one of the polarizing plates toward the other. The liquid crystal panel emits light having the maximum intensity in a direction different from a direction normal to the substrates. The azimuth of the maximum-light-intensity direction projected onto the planes of the substrates is substantially parallel to the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A pixel structure disposed on a substrate including a scan line, a data line, an active element, a first electrode, and a second electrode is provided. The scan line and the data line are intersected to define a rectangular pixel area. The active element is electrically connected to the scan line and the data line. The first electrode has stripe patterns and connecting patterns located in the rectangular pixel area. Each connecting pattern is connected to the central parts or the parts near the central parts of two adjacent stripe patterns to demarcate or define two silts between the two adjacent stripe patterns. The extending direction of the slits is intersected to the rectangle length of the rectangular pixel area by an angle ? wherein 0°??<45°. The second electrode is located between the first electrode and the substrate and part of the second electrode is exposed by the slits.

Abstract: This liquid crystal display device (100) includes: a vertical alignment liquid crystal layer (3); a pixel electrode (11) and a counter electrode (21) arranged on first and second substrates (1, 2), respectively, to front on the liquid crystal layer; and first and second alignment films (12, 22). Each pixel region (10) includes first, second, third and fourth liquid crystal domains (A, B, C, D) in which liquid crystal molecules (3a) are tilted in first, second, third and fourth predetermined directions, respectively, which are defined so that an angle formed between any two of them is approximately equal to an integral multiple of 90 degrees. The first liquid crystal domain is located close to at least a part of edges of the pixel electrode, which includes a first edge portion (EG1) where an azimuthal direction (e1) perpendicular to the part and pointing toward the inside of the pixel electrode defines an angle greater than 90 degrees to the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged so as to face each other, a liquid crystal layer that is pinched between the first substrate and the second substrate, one pair of polarizers that are arranged on both outer sides of the first substrate and the second substrate, a first optical element having a polarization separation function that is disposed in at least one spot of the first substrate, and a display area that contributes to display. The first optical element is arranged outside the display area.

Abstract: Provided is a retardation film that can be incorporated into a liquid crystal display device having low power consumption. The retardation film includes a support (A) and a rodlike liquid crystalline compound layer (B), which satisfies a particular brightness when the retardation film is incorporated into a liquid crystal device.

Abstract: An optical compensation structure and a display device are disclosed. The former comprises a front side polarizer and a rear side polarizer arranged at both sides of a VA liquid crystal unit; the front side polarizer includes a front side polarization unit and a first front side TAC film; the absorption axis of the front side polarization unit is perpendicular to the horizontal normal of the VA liquid crystal unit; the rear side polarizer includes a rear side polarization unit and a biaxial film; and the absorption axis of the rear side polarization unit is parallel to the horizontal normal. The region having serious dark-state light leakage can be transferred from a horizontal viewing angle to a vertical viewing angle, which improves the display effect. Meanwhile, there is no addition of the number of layers of the biaxial film, which reduces the cost.

Abstract: To acquire a fine viewing angle property from oblique view fields in a lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device having liquid crystal initial alignment directions in two orthogonal directions. The absorption axis of the incident-side polarization plate and the absorption axis of the exit-side polarization plate are orthogonal to each other in both of the region I and the region II, and the liquid crystal layer, the in-cell retarder as an optical compensation layer, the A-plate, and the C-plate sandwiched therebetween are in parallel to either one of the absorption axes or orthogonal to the substrates. Therefore, the transmittance can be suppressed to be low and a fine black display can be acquired even when the display surface is viewed from the oblique view fields.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a substrate with protruded threads, and metal thin wires provided on the protruded threads. Each metal thin wire includes a first thin wire provided to a first side surface of the protruded thread and a second thin wire provided to a second side surface of the protruded thread. Each first thin wire has a first volume. Each second thin wire has a second volume. Each metal thin wire has a third volume which is the sum of the first and second volumes. As a distance from one end of the substrate increases, the volume of each first thin wire decreases and the volume of each second thin wire increases so that the third volume is maintained within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a substrate; a plurality of protruded threads formed on one of surfaces of the substrate in a rough stripe pattern when viewed two-dimensionally, each of the protruded threads having a side surface forming a slope inclined with respect to the one surface of the substrate; and a plurality of metal thin wires each formed on the slope of the each protruded thread so as to be cantilever-supported by the slope and each extended in an extension direction of the protruded thread.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a substrate; a plurality of protruded threads formed on one of surfaces of the substrate in a rough stripe pattern when viewed two-dimensionally, each of the protruded threads having a side surface forming a slope inclined with respect to the one surface of the substrate; a plurality of metal thin wires each formed on the slope of the each protruded thread so as to be cantilever-supported by the slope and each extended in an extension direction of the protruded thread; and a protection film covering the protruded threads and the metal thin wires.

Abstract: A photo alignment process and a liquid crystal display using the same are provided. The photo alignment process includes the following steps. A photo alignment material layer is formed on a substrate. The photo alignment material layer is irradiated by a linearly polarized light. A surface of the photo alignment material layer is a first plane. A wave vector of the linearly polarized light is a K vector. A second plane is constructed from a normal vector of the first plane and the K vector. A polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the second plane.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, pixels a first polarizer having a first absorption axis, a second polarizer having a second absorption axis, a first retardation film having a first slow axis, and a second retardation film having a second slow axis. Each of the pixels includes a primary pixel electrode and a pair of primary common electrodes. Re1<Re2 holds, Re1+Re2=150±50 nm holds for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and Rth1+Rth2=?10±50 nm holds for the light having the wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a VA-mode liquid-crystal display device comprising a front-side polarizing element (14), a rear-side polarizing element (12), a VA-mode liquid-crystal cell (LC) disposed between the front-side polarizing element and the rear-side polarizing element, and a first retardation region (16) comprising one or more retardation layers between the rear-side polarizing element and the VA-mode liquid-crystal cell, wherein the first retardation region satisfies 0 nm?Re(590)?10 nm, and |Rth(590)|?25 nm. Re(?) means retardation (nm) in plane at a wavelength ? nm, and Rth(?) means retardation (nm) along the thickness direction at a wavelength ? nm.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a main pixel electrode which extends in a second direction, a sub-pixel electrode which extends in a first direction and crosses the main pixel electrode, a color filter which includes a first aperture portion defined by a first edge surrounding a position opposed to cross points between the main pixel electrode and the sub-pixel electrode, main common electrodes which extend in the second direction on both sides of the main pixel electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizer integrally containing view angle compensating film used in an in-plane switching liquid crystal display (IPS-LCD) filled with liquid crystal (??>0) having positive dielectric anisotropy and an in-plane switching liquid crystal display comprising the same. More particularly, there is provided an integrated polarizer capable of being used to manufacture a thin polarizer and securing a good view angle by employing a view angle compensating film as a protective film of a polarizing film forming the polarizer and an IPS-LCD comprising the same. The integrated polarizer comprises a polarizing film; a protective film attached to one surface of the polarizing film; and a +A plate coated with a +C plate attached to the other surface of the polarizing film. The +C plate is coated in the form of liquid crystals.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a main pixel electrode having a first width in a first direction and a first edge extending in a second direction, and a sub-pixel electrode. The sub-pixel electrode has a second width, which is greater than the first width in the first direction, has a third width, which is a maximum width in the first direction at a central portion of the sub-pixel electrode, has a fourth width in the second direction at a position with a first distance from the first edge in the first direction, and has a fifth width, which is less than the fourth width at a position with a second distance, which is greater than the first distance, from the first edge in the first direction.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a liquid crystal display panel, comprising a first polarizer sheet, a liquid crystal layer and a second polarizer sheet from the bottom up in this order. A first biaxial ¼ wave plate and a first biaxial ½ wave plate for expanding the wavelength range of the first biaxial ¼ wave plate are provided, in order from the top down, between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizer sheet; and a second biaxial ¼ wave plate and a second biaxial ½ wave plate for expanding the wavelength range of the second biaxial ¼ wave plate are, in order from the bottom up, between the liquid crystal layer and the second polarizer sheet.

Abstract: An E-type polarizing layer is provided between a pair of orthogonally oriented O-type polarizing layers, and alternatively, an O-type polarizing layer and an E-type polarizing layer which are oriented orthogonal to each other are provided. When a liquid crystal layer has a slow axis, the E-type polarizing layer is disposed so that an absorption axis thereof is orthogonal to the slow axis. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle is realized in which a contrast ratio is improved by suppressing a light leakage occurring when observed from an oblique direction.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) display apparatus is provided. The 3D display apparatus includes a display device, a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal panel, and a lens unit. The display device is configured to output first polarized lights of an image. The TN liquid crystal panel is coupled to the display device and containing a plurality of controllable pixel display areas to receive the polarized lights with a first polarization direction from the display device. Each pixel display area is capable of being in a first state in which the first polarization direction is transformed into a second polarization direction different from the first polarization direction and a second state in which the first polarization direction is maintained.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device (100) according to the present invention includes a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer (3); and a pair of optical alignment films (12, 22). A plurality of picture elements (R, G, B, Y) each include four liquid crystal domains (D1 through D4) in which tilt directions of liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied are different. The four liquid crystal domains are located in a matrix of 2 rows×2 columns. The pair of optical alignment films have such an alignment regulation force that causes an identical alignment pattern to appear in repetition in the liquid crystal layer along a first direction which is parallel to one of a row direction and a column direction, with 2n pixels (n is an integer of 1 or greater) being a minimum unit.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display apparatus including: a liquid crystal panel including a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched by the pair of substrates; plural electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates; and a pair of polarizers provided in respective outsides of the pair of substrates; and a back light unit provided in a rear of the liquid crystal panel, in which one of the pair of polarizers, which is provided at a side of the back light unit, includes at least two types of layers which cause polarization, and in which the two types of layers include a first layer provided on a side of the liquid crystal layer and a second layer provided on a side of the back light unit, the first layer being a negative uniaxial polarizer layer, the second layer being a positive uniaxial polarizer layer.

Abstract: An optical pulse shaper includes an optical delay line; a spatial light modulator placed at the Fourier plane of the optical delay line having a spectral amplitude spatial light modulator; a spectral phase and polarization ellipticity spatial light modulator; and a spectral polarization rotator; and a controller configured to independently control an amplitude, a phase and polarization ellipticity, and a linear polarization of an optical pulse. A method for shaping an optical pulse is also provided.

Abstract: A technology for reducing distance between adjacent pixel electrodes to smaller than the limit set by conventional process margin and also preventing adjacent pixel electrodes from being short circuited is provided.

Abstract: A photo alignment process and a liquid crystal display using the same are provided. The photo alignment process includes the following steps. A photo alignment material layer is formed on a substrate. The photo alignment material layer is irradiated by a linearly polarized light. A surface of the photo alignment material layer is a first plane. A wave vector of the linearly polarized light is a K vector. A second plane is constructed from a normal vector of the first plane and the K vector. A polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the second plane.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrate facing each other, a pixel electrode and a common electrode on an inner surface of the first substrate and generating an electric field substantially parallel to the first substrate, a first alignment layer on the inner surface of the first substrate and homeotropically aligned, a first polarizer on an outer surface of the first substrate and having a first polarization axis, a second alignment layer on an inner surface of the second substrate and homogeneously aligned, a second polarizer on an outer surface of the second substrate and having a second polarization axis perpendicular to the first polarization axis, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second alignment layers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of an optical pickup apparatus in which a liquid crystal optical element constructed by combining an aberration correcting liquid crystal panel and a ?/4 liquid crystal panel in an integral fashion is mounted in a tilted position. More particularly, the invention provides a liquid crystal optical element comprising a first liquid crystal layer for correcting aberration, a second liquid crystal layer functioning as an n?/4 plate and combined in an integral fashion with the first liquid crystal layer, a transparent electrode for generating a potential difference on the second liquid crystal layer in order to control an amount of phase difference for the light beam passing through the second liquid crystal layer, and a driver for driving the transparent electrode so as to generate a potential difference that is the lowest among a plurality of potential differences that cause the second liquid crystal layer to function as an n?/4 plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, comprising a lower alignment film formed on a lower substrate; an upper alignment film formed on an upper substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lower and upper substrates; a phase compensation film adhered on the outer surface of the upper substrate; and a polarizer adhered on the phase compensation film wherein the lower alignment film has an alignment angle of ?10 to 20° with respect to a horizontal line, the upper alignment film has an alignment angle of 40 to 55° with respect to a horizontal line, the liquid crystal layer has a phase delay value (d?n) of 0.24-0.27 ?m, the phase compensation film has a phase compensation function of ?/4 and also has an optical axis making 140-146° with a horizontal line, and the polarizer has a absorption axis making 120 to 122.5° with a horizontal line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, comprising a lower alignment film formed on a lower substrate; an upper alignment film formed on an upper substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the lower and upper substrates; a phase compensation film adhered on the outer surface of the upper substrate; and a polarizer adhered on the phase compensation film wherein the lower alignment film has an alignment angle of ?10 to 20° with respect to a horizontal line, the upper alignment film has an alignment angle of 40 to 55° with respect to a horizontal line, the liquid crystal layer has a phase delay value (d?n) of 0.24-0.27 ?m, the phase compensation film has a phase compensation function of ?/4 and also has an optical axis making 140-146° with a horizontal line, and the polarizer has a absorption axis making 120 to 122.5° with a horizontal line.

Abstract: A polarizing plate for a liquid crystal display is provided and includes a first protective film, a polarizer, a second protective film and a light diffusion layer in order. The light diffusion layer is a layer including a translucent resin and translucent particles having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the translucent resin. The internal haze of the light diffusion layer is 45% to 80%.

Abstract: A flat display device includes a flat display panel, an upper polarizing plate disposed on a light exit plane of the flat display panel, and a lower polarizing plate disposed on a light entrance plane of the flat display panel. The upper polarizing plate includes a wide view film, and its absorption axis and a horizontal view direction of the flat display panel have an included angle of about 15 degrees. The absorption axis of the lower polarizing plate and the horizontal view direction of the flat display panel have an included angle of about 105 degrees.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes, a first substrate, a second substrate, an electrooptic material layer, an illuminating device, and a polarizing device. The electrooptic material layer is held between the first substrate and the second substrate. The illuminating device irradiates illumination light to an outer surface of the first substrate. The polarizing device is provided on the outer surface of the first substrate. The electrooptic material layer exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied, and, when an electric field is applied, exhibits optical anisotropy corresponding to the magnitude of the electric field. The electrooptic material layer further has a characteristic to selectively reflect a first circularly polarized light having a first rotation direction. Light that passes through the polarizing device is a second circularly polarized light that has a second rotation direction reverse to the first rotation direction of the first circularly polarized light.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus 101 in which the light quantity adjusting means has a simple and readily interchangeable structure, and which can improve image quality by adjusting the quantity of light received by a light valve continuously, without causing illuminance irregularities, and without having unwanted light radiated onto the screen, the light quantity adjusting means 9 having light blocking members 91L, 91R for blocking light in transit to a second lens array 22, and rotational axes 91LA, 91RA for turnably supporting each of the light blocking members on an xy plane, the light blocking members 91L, 91R and rotational axes 91LA, 91RA being positioned so that the rotational axes 91LA, 91RA are disposed in positions symmetric with respect to the optical axis AX on the xy plane, and the turning range from the light blocking initiation position at which the light blocking members 91L, 91R, by being turned, start to block light in transit toward the second lens array 22 to the maximum light blocking posi

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of an in-plane switching mode comprises a pair of polarizing plates which are constituted with a polarizing plate at the output side comprising a polarizer at the output side and a polarizing plate at the incident side comprising a polarizer at the incident side having a transmission axis approximately perpendicular to a transmission axis of the polarizer at the output side and two or more sheets of optically anisotropic members and liquid crystal cells disposed between the pair of polarizing plates. The device exhibits excellent scratch resistance and excellent quality of black depth and uniform and high contrast in viewing at any angles.

Abstract: An ECB-mode liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates 9 and 12, a liquid crystal layer 11, a pair of polarizing plates (1,3,5) (16,18,20) and at least one optically anisotropic layer 7 and/or 14, wherein they are disposed such that the absorption axes 4 and 19 of the polarizing films 3 and 18 in the polarizing plates are parallel or vertical to the left-rightward direction of the screen of the display device. The orientation axes 10 and 13 of the substrates 9 and 12 and the orientation axes 8 and 15 of the optically anisotropic layers 7 and 14 preferably cross the absorption axes 4 and 19 of the polarizing films 3 and 18 of the adjacent polarizing plates at an angle of 45°.