Abstract: A straw inspection apparatus for inspecting whether or not a straw sheet is defective comprises: a main body for guiding the transfer of a straw sheet; a driving unit for transferring the straw sheet; a first inspection module for inspecting whether or not foreign materials are present in the straw sheet moving in the main body; a second inspection module for inspecting the exterior of the straw sheet; a controller for determining whether or not the straw sheet is defective based on the inspection results of the first inspection module and the second inspection module; and a cutting unit for separating the straw sheet which is determined to be defective.

Abstract: Storyboard processing in a movie during production, including: creating a proxy shot for an imported shot; displaying the proxy shot; receiving a completion signal for the imported shot; reloading related metadata for the imported shot; and displaying the newly imported shot. Keywords include proxy shot and imported shot.

Abstract: A promotional viewer includes a generally rectangular housing which can be engaged to an enclosure containing a recorded entertainment piece, or may be formed as an integral part thereof. The front surface of the viewer is provided with viewing apertures aligned over a portion of a continuous film loop mounted on turning rollers within the housing and illuminated by ambient light collected by a mirror in a lateral opening in the housing. To shield the other ambient illumination paths each of the viewing apertures may be provided with erectable shields.

Abstract: An image projector includes a film assembly, motor, light source and lens. The film assembly includes a periscope having a first aperture, the film assembly being configured so as to mount a film to scroll in front of the first aperture of the periscope. The motor scrolls the film in front of the first aperture. The light source projects light through the periscope and portions of the film positioned in front of the first aperture of the periscope. The lens focuses the light projected through the film and the periscope.

Abstract: A position detection device for an illumination case is disclosed. It includes an illumination filmstrip, a grating plate, a transparent back plate, two step motors for driving the grating plate to move up and down, two sensors and a set of sensing elements, and a one-chip microcomputer. The illumination filmstrip overlays the transparent back plate and is fixed against it. The grating plate spreads out and nestles up to the illumination filmstrip by means of one or more stretch springs, and it links with the two step motors. The two sensors are fixed on the left side and the right side of the transparent back plate, respectively. The sensing elements are fitted on the grating plate corresponding to the sensors to set the starting point of the circular up-and-down movement of the grating plate. The current fixed position of the sensing element on the grating plate is taken as the benchmark, and the sensors detect a reference signal.

Abstract: A position detection device for an illumination case is disclosed. It includes an illumination filmstrip, a grating plate, a transparent back plate, two step motors for driving the grating plate to move up and down, two sensors and a set of sensing elements, and a one-chip microcomputer. The illumination filmstrip overlays the transparent back plate and is fixed against it. The grating plate spreads out and nestles up to the illumination filmstrip by means of one or more stretch springs, and it links with the two step motors. The two sensors are fixed on the left side and the right side of the transparent back plate, respectively. The sensing elements are fitted on the grating plate corresponding to the sensors to set the starting point of the circular up-and-down movement of the grating plate. The current fixed position of the sensing element on the grating plate is taken as the benchmark, and the sensors detect a reference signal.

Abstract: A cassette houses a first and a second tape-like recording medium. The cassette is provided with a first and a second reel, at least a first tape guide provided between the first and second reels, a third and a fourth reel and at least a second tape guide provided between the third and fourth reels. The first tape-like recording medium is wound around the first and second reels via the first tape guide. The second tape-like recording medium is wound around the third and fourth reels via the second tape guide. The first and second reels may be arranged in a first direction in the cassette. And the third and fourth reels may be arranged in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in the cassette. The cassette may have a first side face formed in the first direction and a second side face formed in the second direction, each side face having an opening through which data is recorded on or reproduced from the first or the second tape-like recording medium by a recording and reproducing apparatus.

Abstract: A lamp house holds a light source, which is attached to a bottom plate. A film feed unit is arranged above the light source. A cartridge chamber is provided at the right of the unit body, and a film takeup chamber is formed at the left of the unit body. The takeup chamber is provided with a takeup spool. A film feed motor is built in the takeup spool, and the rotational force of the motor is transmitted to a spool driving shaft of the cartridge chamber via a driving force transmission mechanism. A film feed unit body to be incorporated into a camera is also used as a film feed unit body including the cartridge chamber, the takeup chamber and the driving force transmission mechanism. In order to observe the frame images on the film, the developed film is pulled out of a film cartridge mounted in the cartridge chamber.

Abstract: A lamp house holds a light source, which is attached to a bottom plate. A film feed unit is arranged above the light source. A cartridge chamber is provided at the right of the unit body, and a film takeup chamber is formed at the left of the unit body. The takeup chamber is provided with a takeup spool. A film feed motor is built in the takeup spool, and the rotational force of the motor is transmitted to a spool driving shaft of the cartridge chamber via a driving force transmission mechanism. A film feed unit body to be incorporated into a camera is also used as a film feed unit body including the cartridge chamber, the takeup chamber and the driving force transmission mechanism. In order to observe the frame images on the film, the developed film is pulled out of a film cartridge mounted in the cartridge chamber.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods for editing film into motion pictures. Visual images are transferred from developed motion picture film to a high definition video storage medium, which is a storage medium adapted to store images and to display images in conjunction with display equipment having a scan density substantially greater than that of an NTSC compatible video storage medium and associated display equipment. The visual images are also transferred, either from the motion picture film or the high definition video storage medium to a digital data storage format adapted for use with digital nonlinear motion picture editing equipment. After the visual images have been transferred to the high definition video storage medium, the digital nonlinear motion picture editing equipment is used to generate an edit decision list, to which the motion picture film is then conformed.

Abstract: An attachment for a reel-to-reel film make-up bench is disclosed which is mounted to one end of the bench and provides a horizontal rotatable platter upon which film may be coiled and uncoiled. The attachment is controlled by a foot pedal which drives an electric motor to rotate the platter. A pair of spools are mounted to the attachment's frame for guiding film between the platter and a reel on the bench and a brake/clutch is provided which operates in response to the tension in the film running over one of the spools to control the platter speed so as to prevent the film overrunning.

Abstract: A device for viewing a motion picture film strip held within a cassette includes a film strip drive wheel, turned at a constant speed by a battery-powered motor, having an outer cylindrical surface from which a pin section extends radially. The film strip is held, by guiding surfaces in the cassette, so that it extends in an arc around a portion of the outer cylindrical surface. The pin section engages a sprocket hole in the film strip at the beginning of this arc, and is disengaged from the sprocket hole at the end of this arc. During continued revolution of the drive wheel, the film is held in place as a single frame is viewed through the lens. The lens is focussed by sliding a tab extending from the lens housing within an oblique slot in a cover of the viewing device, as the lens is both rotated about its optical axis and translated along its optical axis.

Abstract: A motion picture film composition method can be provided in which when a first motion picture film on which a first picture is imaged and a second motion picture on which a second picture is imaged are combined, the first motion picture film is converted into a video signal and processed in accordance with predetermined video signal processing to form an intermediate film and a mask film necessary for film composition, and a latent image obtained by superposing the intermediate film and the mask film and another latent image obtained by superposing the second picture film and the mask film are imaged for double exposure to combine the first motion picture film and the second motion picture film with high accuracy so that a combined motion picture film in which the second picture is superposed on the first picture can be made easily.

Abstract: A projection system for visual motion picture cues. To assist the engineer in the process of audio dubbing and the like by allowing the engineer to anticipate the precise moment that a cue point will occur, a cue is visually presented on the motion picture projection screen. Also, information may be presented to the engineer by the projection system. Synchronization signals are coordinated with engineer/operator input and the resulting signal is digitized. The digitized signals are transmitted via fiber optics to a slave circuit with changes the digital signals to analog signals. The analog signals are amplified and are used to drive mirrors, motors, and/or galvanometers that reflect and control incident laser light. The laser light is projected and superimposed upon a projection screen upon which the motion picture film.

Abstract: A viewgraph projector having a light above the transparency receiver and jecting downward through the transparency is provided. The projected image is received below the transparency by a condenser lens and further transmitted by a flexible fiber-optic cable. A projecting lens is provided at the output end of the fiber-optic cable for projecting the images to a screen. Structurally associated with the projecting lens is a device or means which enables removably affixing the projecting lens relative to a suitable support in a conference room environment, which device may for example constitute a clip, hooking means, clamp, or weights. This enables a subset of the aforesaid elements comprising the light source, transparency receiver, and condenser lens to be located independently of the projecting lens, as for example, to locations where they do not obstruct the audience's field of view or where backscattered illumination from the light source does not annoy the audience.

Abstract: In a moving picture managing device, a boundary sensor senses the boundary between a cut of the input moving picture consisting of a plurality of frames and another cut on the basis of the difference in the number of blocks at the time of encoding the moving picture for a frame between the frame and an adjacent frame. Based on the boundaries sensed at the boundary sensor, the moving picture is filed in cuts. The moving picture is processed so as to be stored in a memory in a tree structure fashion in which the moving picture is composed of scenes and a plurality of cuts, each scene consisting of cuts. The filing is managed in cuts under the tree structure.

Abstract: In a moving picture managing device, representative pictures are selected beforehand from the individual cuts or scenes of a moving picture in which a scene and cuts are arranged in a tree structure, and then are stored in a magnetic disk as decoded high-speed displaying pictures. Upon request of high-speed display, those representative pictures are browsed sequentially and displayed.

Abstract: A film-to-tape transfer apparatus suitable for transferring images from movie film, slide film, photograph and the like which includes a case body having a bottom plate therein, a rotary shaft rotatably installed on the bottom plate and having a manipulating knob mounted on the top portion thereof, a supporting member secured to the rotary shaft, a reflecting mirror attached to the supporting member, a glass screen unit provided on the rear side of the case body, a macro-lens provided on the left side of the case body, a fluorescent lamp installed at the right portion inside the case body, a transparent and pushing plate provided on the right side of the case body and slightly spaced with each other for receiving a photograph to be recorded, and a sound mixing unit for controlling the sound to be recorded on the video tape.

Abstract: A film editing table includes a light source mounted away from the editor's sitting position, with a light guide transmitting the light to the film editing table's optics to produce images on the table's rear projection screen with a brightness and color temperature substantially the same as the images displayed in commercial theatres such that accurate color judgments can be made for animation film. The editing table can also be used to edit dailies of live action motion picture films. The light source is preferably a Xenon light source and the light guide is preferably a liquid light guide. The end of the guide from which the light emanates is movable along three axes, producing the brightest image possible.

Abstract: There is provided a method for detecting change points between cuts from motion picture images including a plurality of consecutive images. First of all, in this method, motion picture images which are the subject of detection of change point between cuts are inputted in a time series by taking a frame as the unit, and a predetermined feature quantity including a color histogram possessed by image data of said motion picture images is produced while taking a frame as the unit. A correlation coefficient with respect to feature quantity between the above described feature quantity and a feature quantity produced in an immediately preceding frame is then produced. Further, a change rate between the correlation coefficient of the current frame and a correlation coefficient produced for a frame preceding the current frame is produced. A time point whereat the change rate exceeds a predetermined allowable value is detected as a change point between cuts of the motion picture images.

Abstract: A system is disclosed in which individual black & white frames from film (100) are colorized by combination with color film (120) generated by computer (110) assisted techniques. Color information is processed, for example, by filtering, cross-dissolving or interpolation. The technique is also applicable to modifying the color of black & white portions of full color film (340) to repair damaged or degraded frames or to create special effects.

Abstract: A method and system which enables an animator to make drawings and in-between drawings. Preceding and following tweens 74 and 75 are shown to the animator in such a way that they are distinguishable from each other and from the in-between drawing 73 on which the animator is working. Advantage is made of electronic graphics and display technology to assist the animator with drawing, editing, and coloring. The drawings are kept in an ordered list in which they can be arbitrarily inserted or deleted, drawn, and edited. The drawings can be viewed in animation immediately upon demand, yielding an instant pencil test for the animator. The drawings can also be output to a recording device according to the list.

Abstract: A method of high speed recording of images and of information associated with the images by means of a motion picture camera (10) for high speed shooting, the camera being equipped with an image pulse generator, and the method comprising the following steps during shooting: acquiring and storing the information associated with the images in a large capacity fast access memory (32) at the image rate under the control of the image pulses generated by said camera image pulse generator; and electro-optically writing at least one reference signal on the motion picture film beside the image corresponding to the first stored information.

Abstract: An apparatus for transferring in synchronism, onto a common recording support, the images of an cinematographic film and the sound recorded during shooting on a separate support, comprises a telecine apparatus ensuring reading of the cine film. A microcomputer has an input connected to a reader of time codes borne by the cine film. A first output of the microcomputer is connected to a stage controlling the supply of an electric motor ensuring advance of the cine film in the telecine apparatus. A second output of the microcomputer is connected to a coder and a third output is connected to a first input of a comparator with two inputs of which the second input is connected to the head for reading the time codes on the magnetic tape, the output of the comparator is connected to a stage controlling supply of an electric motor of the servo-controlled magnetic tape recorder and the third output of the microcomputer is also connected to a device for recording time codes on the third track of the video tape.

Abstract: Apparatus for marking the edge of a film particularly for identifying head and tail sections of film strips joined by a splice comprising a holder with a channel-like film guide in which the film may be inserted for longitudinal movement and a hole for a pen-type applicator positioned so that as the film is moved lengthwise through the guide one edge of the film is wiped across the tip of the applicator so that a continuous ink or dye mark is applied to the film edge which appears as a ring on the side of the film when it is wound onto a reel.

Abstract: A miniature movie projector for viewing a continuous loop movie film in ambient light is disclosed. A hand operated spring mechanism moves the continuous loop movie film such that ambient light entering the projector enables the movie to be viewed. The projector is constructed such that it can be worn as a pendant.

Abstract: Each time the operator is projecting the start or end of what is to become an audio scene, he presses a store switch, commanding storage of the current frame count, thereby defining all the audio scenes on the film one after the other, for subsequent recording work. Thereafter, during recording work, the projector is referenced to the start and end frame counts of one scene at a time, one scene after another, as the operator controls semi-automatic recording work on successive scenes. A green, red and yellow indicator lamp are arranged in left-to-right order. When the film is ahead of the start of the referenced scene only the green lamp is bright, when past the end of the scene only the yellow, when in the middle of the scene only the red, when at the exact start of the scene both the green and red, when at the exact end of the scene both the red and the yellow.

Abstract: An apparatus for listing cinematographic film comprises means (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7) for reversible feeding of film past an index position and for generating electric signals representing each picture frame fed past the index position and the direction in which the film is fed. A counter (8) driven by said electric signals is arranged to count the net number of picture frames fed past the index position in a given direction. Means (9, 19) are also provided for visually displaying to an operator an enlarged form of the film section located at the index position. A data processor (11) provided with a data input keyboard (12) is connected to the counter and arranged to calculate positional information concerning desired picture frames in the film, on the basis of data entered into the processor through the keyboard and the content of the counter, and to store this positional information in a data storage.

Abstract: A separately packaged film sound editor mixer is disclosed which includes a plurality of low level audio signal input terminals adapted for connection to outputs from playback heads of a synchronizer. Magnetic tape preamplifiers are included for preamplification of the low level signals. The preamplified signals are connected through slide attenuators and muting switches to inputs of a first summing amplifier. The output from the first summing amplifier is connected to inputs of left and right channel summing amplifiers through a tone control circuit and a master attenuator of the slide type. A selector switch is included in the input for one of said magnetic tape preamplifiers whereby, in one switch position, an output from the synchronizer is supplied to the preamplifier, as mentioned above.

Abstract: Described is a motion-picture apparatus with a housing, a removable cartridge and an arrangement for reproducing a sound track in correlation with the action shown on a length of film contained in the cartridge.

Abstract: A module for projecting motion pictures through a standard camera having an independently powered illumination source disposed within a standard film cartridge body having a pair of arms, one arm for mounting a film supply reel and the other for mounting a film take-up reel; and a film transport means driven off the camera film drive.

Abstract: A film editing device is disclosed for viewing frames of a roll of negative photographic film and marking selected frames for subsequent development. The film editing device includes a film viewing table having an illuminated film viewing window, a film supply spindle is rotatably mounted to the device to one side of the viewing window adapted to receive a roll of negative film, and a film take-up spindle is rotatably mounted to the viewing device to the opposite side of the viewing window upon which the film strip unwinding from the roll of negative film is rewound. The film supply spindle and film take-up spindle are rotatably driven, selectively, by either an electric motor or manually. A film marking device having a plurality of punches is associated with the viewing table to selectively punch holes in the bottom marginal edge of the selected frame of film.

Abstract: Each time the operator is projecting the start or end of what is to become an audio scene, he presses a store switch, commanding storage of the current frame count, thereby defining all the audio scenes on the film one after the other, for subsequent recording work. Thereafter, during recording work, the projector is referenced to the start and end frame counts of one scene at a time, one scene after another, as the operator controls semiautomatic recording work on successive scenes. A green, red and yellow indicator lamp are arranged in left-to-right order. When the film is ahead of the start of the referenced scene only the green lamp is bright, when past the end of the scene only the yellow, when in the middle of the scene only the red, when at the exact start of the scene both the green and red, when at the exact end of the scene both the red and the yellow.

Abstract: An editing device for use with film units having a plurality of images thereon. A film unit is placed in such device in a manner such that selected images which are desired to be viewed, as in a film projection apparatus, are identifiably presented to the user of the device. The projection apparatus is designed to monitor the white border of the film unit and to rapidly advance the latter to thereby eliminate projection of given portions when a black surface is sensed, and the editing device presents to the user both the selected frames and selected portions of the surface of the film unit corresponding to such identified images. The light reflecting characteristics of such selected surface portions are then suitably altered, as by blackening thereof to make them effectively light absorbent so as to control subsequent projection. Re-editing of the previously edited portions can occur by whitening portions or all of the previously blackened portions of the film unit.

Abstract: A film projection system comprising a film guiding path, a light source, a projection screen and a rotatable optical system. The optical system comprises a support carrying equidistant identical object lenses whose nodal points traverse a path spaced from the film guiding path a distance substantially equal to the focal distance of the object lenses. The beam or beams emanating from the object lenses are projected and brought into register, respectively, on the projection screen by means of a projection lens. Each object lens may have a given distortion for substantially eliminating any residual unintended motion of the projection of each individual point of the film on the screen.

Abstract: A machine to facilitate editing of several films employs sprocket wheels spaced vertically along a central vertical shaft. The sprocket wheels are individually selectively engageable and disengageable from the vertical shaft to permit the synchronization of the films to be adjusted and maintained. In a first embodiment, the supply reels and the take-up reels associated with each sprocket wheel are supported at the same height as the sprocket wheel at the left and right sides of the machine, respectively, in stacked arrangements. In a second embodiment, the supply reels and the take-up reels are supported in terraced arrangements. In both of these embodiments, a central area of the top of the machine between the supply reels and the take-up reels is left clear as a working space, giving the operator easy access to the reels and to the sprocket wheels. Each film passes through only a single sprocket wheel, and therefore is quickly threaded and unthreaded by the operator.

Abstract: A moving film projector, viewer or an adaptor device therefor comprising a rotatable spindle to receive a let-off spool or reel of film, a rotatable take-up spool or reel and a guide to direct the film in its desired path from the let-off spool, when this is in position on the spindle therefor, past a viewing station at which the film can be viewed or projected, and over the edge of and down towards the center plane of, the take-up spool, the take-up spool having a substantially continuous peripheral side wall towards which the film strip is guided and against which the film is coiled during use.

Abstract: When used for projecting or editing motion picture film the optical rectification apparatus produces a stationary image of a frame of a moving film and a succession of superimposed stationary images from successive frames of the moving film. The apparatus employs an optically transmissive hollow cylindrical prism having a cylindrical external surface and an internal surface consisting of a number of facets. Light from the moving film is passed outwardly through the wall of the rotating prism and through a stationary plano-concave cylindrical lens positioned with its concave surface adjacent the external surface of the prism, but spaced slightly from it. The prism is connected to the same shaft as the film sprocket wheel resulting in an isotransport system in which the prism rotates in synchronism with movement of the film to deviate the light through an angle sufficient at each instant to compensate for the angular deviation of the light caused by movement of the film.

Abstract: Film cartridge for use in viewing motion picture film having means forming a framework with an index plate with an aperture therein. A continuous length of film having perforations along one edge thereof is carried by the framework. Guide means is provided on the framework for guiding the film over the index plate and past the aperture. Means is provided for advancing the film frame by frame past the aperture. A spool is rotatably mounted on the framework. The spool has a central hub and a film supporting surface extending radially from the hub so that the hub extends away from the surface in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface. The spool has an annular rim spaced from the hub and extending away from the surface and in the same direction as the hub.

Abstract: The frame-counting device is primarily intended for use with a film cassette in titling and lap dissolve operations. The film cassette contains an unexposed film having a series of perforations and is of the type having a side wall formed with an opening which defines a film plane and through which the film is exposed. The device includes the following structure: a housing having an aperture for receiving the film cassette with its open side wall ahead, a transport sprocket which is rotatably mounted in the housing and engageable with the perforations of the unexposed film of the cassette received in the aperture of the housing, and a member for shielding the film plane of the cassette as received in the aperture against an access of light. A counter is carried by the housing, which counter is readable from the outside and operatively connected inside the housing to the transport sprocket.

Abstract: A magnetic film carrier used in conjunction with a light source from a photographic printer. The carrier magnetically securing the film to the top of a printer lamphouse and allowing the film to be moved at various positions on the lamphouse for misaligned film or cropping during the printing of the film.

Abstract: A rear projection viewer apparatus of the type wherein the projected images are initially projected downward towards a mirror mounted in the base of the viewer which redirects the projected images upwardly and forwardly to a viewing screen forming the front of the viewer. Means are provided for removing the mirror element from the downward path of the projected images and an auxiliary viewing screen smaller than the primary screen is disposed in the base of the viewer to receive the projected images thereupon thereby permitting viewing of the images on the smaller screen when the viewer is positioned with its primary viewing screen facing downward.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for permitting viewing of images carried by a motion picture film strip contained within a film cassette, of the type having a permanent prismatic reflective element at its exposure/projection station, through the taking lens of a motion picture camera. The viewing apparatus includes means for cooperating with the movie camera and the cassette for directing light into the reflecting prism to result in projection of the image carried by the frame of the film strip at the projection station along the taking lens axis of the camera. An optical viewing attachment is provided for establishing visual access along the lens axis. The viewing attachment includes an objective lens disposed along the lens axis to receive an aerial image formed by the camera's taking lens, and a reflective element disposed along the lens axis outwardly from the objective lens to receive the image formed by the objective lens and to direct this image along a viewing axis substantially perpendicular to the lens axis.

Abstract: Stereo pairs suitable for motion picture projection are derived from conventionally taken motion picture film by selection of frames and rearrangement thereof in side by side relationship upon a continuous strip of motion picture film. The pairs so prepared may be incorporated into film containing conventionally photographed stereo frames to provide a compatible system for 3-dimensional motion picture projection.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting motion picture film so as to locate edge cuts and tears, sprocket hole tears, improper splices and tape fragments or other objectionable foreign material on the film surface, which apparatus comprises a supporting frame with a front panel disposed in a generally vertical plane between parallel spaced end frame members and extending above a work table on which are mounted a plurality of work units and control apparatus therefor, the work units being disposed between the end frame members and along a generally horizontal path traversed by the film which is fed from a supply reel and gathered onto a take-up reel, both of which are driven by circuit controlled motors, the work units comprising a film cleaning unit, a defect detector unit, a viewer or an illuminated film viewing light box unit, a splice counter and footage measuring unit and a film tension sensor unit, with integrated circuit electronics for control of all machine functions and with safety devices including a transparen

Abstract: A recording projector for sound motion-picture film is used to do dubbing or rerecording work. The operator presses a store button to store the frame count of the frame being projected, and in this way stores all the frame counts for the starts and ends of several scenes, after which dubbing work is done on the thusly defined scenes. The current frame count of the film is indicated using an electronic multi-digit display unit having a row of controllable digit zones each of the 7-segment type and having controllable decimal point places. The multi-digit display unit is mounted upside-down, so that the decimal-point places are near the tops of the digit zones. The frame count is displayed on the digit zones with conventional appearance. The number of decimal-point places made visible at any given time indicates the number of the scene involved, both during initial frame-count storing work and during post-storing work on the scenes.

Abstract: A post production facility comprising apparatus for editing motion picture film and sound film and performing additional functions of sound mixing, displacing, etc. wherein the apparatus may perform all the functions normally associated with film editing and the physical arrangement of the film and sound tape are parallel and adjacent to each other to simplify the editing process. The apparatus comprises an upright console containing four motion picture reels, a plurality of idler pulleys, an editing module, a series of tension pulleys and a drive sprocket. The console control section is disposed at the bottom of the facility and is substantially perpendicular to the upright portion for ease of operation and contains substantially all the controls. An intermediate section is disposed at a 45.degree. angle to the upright console and houses a viewing screen and splicer mount.

Abstract: A motion picture projector having a housing or casing having one narrow side and one wide side, substantially perpendicular to each other. The film spools are arranged on the wide side. In a first projection position, the housing is arranged upright, resting on its narrow side, with the wide side approximately vertical. To enable projection to take place also when the projector is laid on a wide side, rather than standing upright, a first mirror is swung into position across the beam of projected light rays, and projects the rays upwardly to a second mirror arranged at an opening in the wide side of the housing. A control knob moves both mirrors simultaneously to effective projecting position, and also serves to adjust the exact inclination of the second mirror so as to vary the height of the projected image on the viewing screen at some distance from the projector.

Abstract: A film viewer wherein a housing is provided with a viewing window, a film holder is removably positionable in the housing spaced from the window, and illuminating means provided in the housing for passing light through the film holder to the window.

Abstract: A viewer for a strip of film includes a support that has a space adjacent one end thereof for a rolled-up strip of film and a space adjacent the other end thereof for that rolled-up strip of film, has resilient film guides adjacent those spaces to hold that rolled-up strip of film, has a light-diffusing element, and has a film-moving element. That viewer also includes a walled cover which is selectively engageable with that support; but that support is able to receive and hold and move that strip of film while that walled cover is remote from that support. The resulting full and free accessability of the film-holding elements on the support facilitates quick and certain positioning of the film strip within the viewer.