Abstract: A method and an arrangement for determining the position of a tape-like medium are proposed. The method provides for counting pulses which are supplied to the arrangement for determining the position to be counted, blocked or cancelled depending on the respective transport state. To this end, it is established whether the transport direction has been constant for a defined amount of time or over a defined distance. The transport direction determines whether the counter is incremented or decremented. In addition, counting pulses which rapidly follow one another are blocked in order to avoid undesirable double triggering. In order to avoid losing blocked counting pulses in an undesirable manner, the latter are stored and are applied to the counter, or discarded, depending on the transport state before and after blocking.

Abstract: A film mechanism for a motion-picture camera is provided. The film feed mechanism has a transport grip having a transport grip clip and at least one transport grip tip which engages in a sprocket hole of a motion-picture film that is transported at a predefinable film transport speed by the kinematics of the transport grip. The transport grip tip displaces the motion-picture film in an intermittent manner and runs through a closed trajectory whose reversing points determine the length of travel during the film transport. The kinematics of the transport grip can be dynamically and/or statically modified in accordance with the film transport speed by a modification to the relative positions of the transport grip and grip drive connected in an articulated manner to the transport grip in such a way that a constantly correct length of travel during a film transport step of the transport grip is guaranteed.

Abstract: A stable, continuous, high-speed roll film media path is established between supply and take-up film reels. Supply and take-up path segments isolate a core transport path section from significant non-linear forces, thereby enabling continuous, high-speed, high-accuracy scan line imaging of the media. The supply and take-up path segments each operate to continuously maintain open decoupling loops in the film media while accurately controlling the speed, tension and alignment of the film media as transported through the core transport path section. A microcontroller operates two motor driven capstans to establish the film media speed and tension within the core transport path section. Optical sensors provide feedback to the microcontroller in managing two additional motor driven capstans to maintain the decoupling loops. The film media within the core transport path section is thereby isolated from frictive, inertial, and skewing forces that could otherwise degrade the media imaging.

Abstract: A film scanner for scanning an image formed on a film, is provided with a line sensor unit that scans the image in a main scanning direction, and a table supporting the film. The table is slidable in an auxiliary scanning direction. A geared transmission is provided to receives the driving force of a driving source and outputs, to a table driving mechanism, one of a first and a second driving force. The first driving force is a force with which the table driving mechanism drives the table in a forward direction at a first speed, and the second driving force is a force with which the table driving mechanism drives the table in a reverse direction at a second speed that is different from the first speed.

Abstract: A loop region in which a loop of a negative film is formed is provided between a pre-scan section and a fine scan section. When a frame image recorded on the negative film is read, a control circuit effects control such that respective processings in the pre-scan section and the fine scan section are performed concurrently in a state in which a length of the loop in the loop region is within a predetermined allowable range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to film transport systems for motion picture projectors and, more particularly, to a film projector movement that is capable of transporting film prints having frames spanning a predetermined number of perforations per frame at a specified projection frame-rate and then automatically switching to another film format having frames spanning a different number of perforations per frame as well as a different projection frame-rate, based on the detection of an encoded trigger strip on the film which carries the format characteristics of the incoming film. A controller enables the system to automatically switch between a variety of different film formats and frame-rates, on the same projector and on the same platter of film, without substantially interrupting or delaying operation of the projector.

Abstract: Method for controlling the speed of horizontally rotatable supply turntables for tape material. In such a method for controlling the speed by measurement on a moving tape, especially on a film tape (3) in cinema show operation by removal from the inside convolution (4) of a reel (2) resting horizontally thereupon, the lead-in angle in front of a lead-in point (6) fixed in location is contactlessly measured by reflection of infrared light on both sides of the film strip (5) fed in. In case of deviations of the measurement signal from a nominal value, the reel drive is corrected. A dual infrared LED with reflection light barriers (11, 12) arranged offset in angle and height and approximately focused on the lead-in point (6) is used.

Abstract: A switchable pulldown film projection system comprising a film transport system for transporting film through a projector. The film transport system has a plurality of sprockets with teeth for engaging perforations on the film, and a pair of motors that rotate the sprockets and move the film in a frame-by-frame manner past an aperture in the projector. The motors are controlled by an electronic controller that changes the rotational output of the motors based on a signal related to the format of the film in terms of the number of perforations spanned by each frame on the film. The controller enables the system to switch between a variety of different film formats, on the same projector and on the same strip of film, without substantially interrupting or delaying operation of the projector.

Abstract: Installation for driving and positionally controlling a film 7, including a device for etching of the film by a LASER beam F. The displacements of laser beam F are controlled by an X-Y optical deflection system S, this system itself being under the control of a computer including subtitles in its memory. This installation also includes: a motor M controlled by the said computer and capable of setting the film 7 in continuous motion, possibly with interruptions, however, for etching of the subtitles; a sprocket drive mechanism 1 coupled to the motor M for driving the film; a device T for memory-storage of the defects in concentricity of the drive mechanism 1; and a system V for compensation between the device T and the optical deflection system S, for correcting the position of the etching LASER beam F, depending on the defects, so that each subtitle is in exactly the desired position with respect to the relevant image of the film, notwithstanding the defects, which are inherent in any drive mechanism.

Abstract: Control and regulation apparatus 16 for the control of the exposure and transport speed of a motion picture film with a motion picture camera whose film transport motor 26 is connected to a speed control apparatus 23 and which has a rotary shutter which can be adjusted by means of a servomotor 3 and which is connected to a potentiometer 6 as a position sensor. A setpoint for the shutter aperture of the adjustable rotary shutter is specified as a function of the current film transport speed by the control and regulation apparatus 16 via a converter 14 to a position controller 13, whereby the product of the film transport speed and the shutter aperture is always a constant value. Different film transport speeds, shutter apertures and transition times can be input to the camera in a programmer apparatus 19 or in a remote control apparatus 181, 182, and initiated sequentially by means of a program key 183.

Abstract: Film transport device for intermittent transport of a film (6), having at least one uniformly divided row of holes and being guided in a film channel, in which a film gate for projection of a frame located in front of the film gate is located, with transport being performed by a film transport sprocket whose teeth (10) to (14) and (20) to (24) engage film holes (71) to (75) and (81) to (85). The movement of the film is adjusted before the projection of a frame in such fashion that the leading or trailing flank of a tooth (10), (21) of the film transport sprocket, looking in the direction of rotation of the film transport sprocket, abuts the leading or trailing edge of at least one hole (71), (85) of the film perforation at the moment of projection of a frame.

Abstract: Apparatus for intermittent or continuous transport of a film using a film transport device comprising a drive motor whose shaft firstly is connected with a sprocket engaging at least one row of holes in the film and secondly with a position sensor which delivers position signals corresponding to the angular position of said motor shaft, to a control and regulating device whose output controls the drive motor through a DC amplifier, so that during intermittent transport of the film, each film pitch is subdivided into at least one acceleration phase, one deceleration phase, and one position-regulating phase, said phases preferably having variable or programmable lengths, with the set values for the acceleration and deceleration of the film transport device having their rises limited.

Abstract: Film transport device with a film transport sprocket driven by a drive motor whose teeth engage the holes in a motion picture film with play and transport the latter stepwise one frame at a time and final-position it at a film gate. The film transport steps are subdivided into a transport phase (t.sub.T) and a position-adjusting phase (t.sub.R) in which the film is final-positioned accurately. The transport phase (t.sub.T) is divided into a very short acceleration phase (t.sub.1, t.sub.2) in which a high torque setting (M.sub.S1) is set with a steep acceleration rise (t.sub.1), and a long continuous drive and braking phase (t.sub.3, t.sub.4), whose time constant is a multiple of the acceleration phase (t.sub.1, t.sub.2). This ensures minimum transport noise and film-protective transport.

Abstract: Control and regulating device for film transport in a film projector, with winding plates (62, 72) located on both sides of a film gate (8) and drivable by a single motor (61, 71), and with supply and takeup devices (3, 4) likewise disposed between the winding plates (62, 72) and film gate (8), the devices being drivable by at least one drive motor (51) to produce film loops on both side of the film gate (8) and with a transport device (2) between the supply and takeup devices (3 and 4). The drive motors (21; 51; 61, 71) for the winding plates (62 and 72), supply and takeup devices (3 and 4), and film transport device (2) are connected with sensors (25; 55; 65, 75) to detect the rpm and/or rotational direction, so that when a presettable rpm is exceeded or when one of the drive motors (21; 51; 61, 71) rotates in a rotational direction counter to the rotational direction predetermined by a higher-order operating control, all drive motors (21; 51; 61, 71) are braked simultaneously.

Abstract: A method is disclosed whereby a motion picture projector is equipped to operate at two or more different speeds, such as 24 and 30 frames per second. It is envisioned that different parts of a motion picture may be recorded at different frame rates, to variably impart a highly intense effect upon the audience, expanding the parameters of creative control for the producer of the film. In operation, the method described facilitates switching between these different frame rates, both during the presentation of a single motion picture and between pictures. Cue signals recorded onto the film actuate the change in speed. The projector is automatically set to switch operation into a different speed, and the frames of the film that will be shown during the transitional period are prepared to give the audience the impression of a smooth transition between speeds.

Abstract: A compactly constructed shutter and support apparatus in a camera permits placement of the shutter in close proximity with a film strip to minimize weight and moment of inertia of the shutter for rapid repetitive starting and stopping of the shutter in response to control signals to a drive mechanism.

Abstract: A reel servo device for a video cassette recorder with a direct drive reel system, which carries out smoothly fast forward and fast rewind operations by distributing properly the load carried to the supply reel motor and the take-up reel motor. The current through the driving reel motor, is detected and supplied as a driving current of a magnitude proportional to the detected voltage to the other reel motor so as to rotate it in the direction of the tape movement.

Abstract: A variable speed film transport interlock control system for allowing a plurality of film audio elements to be run in synchronization with each other with at least one film element running at a different selected speed than the other elements. The system generates a modified drive signal from a standard system drive signal such that the modified signal corresponds to a speed with a fixed ratio to the speed of the standard drive signal under all operating conditions. This permits the modified signal to drive a film transport device, such as a recorder or reproducer, at a different speed than the other transport devices while maintaining synchronization with the other devices during forward or reverse, stopping and starting, high speed or low speed operation.

Abstract: A motion picture camera is described which minimizes waste of film during the start up of the camera, when the supply and takeup reels are rapidly accelerated until film is moving at the proper speed, at which time the camera begins to take pictures. A reel motor is energized to apply a high torque that rapidly accelerates the takeup reel at an acceleration limited by the amount of film on the takeup reel, while the camera motor which moves film through the film gate region is controlled to move film towards the takeup reel at a speed that maintains a moderate level of film tension between the film gate region and the takeup reel.

Abstract: A film transport device for cinematographic cameras and projectors has a rotary shutter, an intermittently operating film feed device, an adjusting device with at least one adjusting pin engaging in one perforation of the film and separate drive motors for the rotary shutter, adjusting device and film feed device and is further characterized by having the drives for both the adjusting device and for the film feed controlled synchronously with the rotary shutter by a common control unit.

Abstract: A projector is described, of the type wherein a motor-driven sprocket wheel cyclically pulls a film frame-by-frame through a film gate, by applying a large accelerating voltage at the beginning of each cycle, followed by a decelerating voltage and a fine-positioning sequence, which assures that the film will lie close to the final position and be moving slowly at the beginning of the fine-positioning sequence. A determination is made as to whether the film has moved a predetermined distance by a predetermined time after the beginning of each cycle, and the accelerating voltage for the next cycle may be changed to cause such predetermined movement at that predetermined time for subsequent cycles.

Abstract: A rotary shutter adapted to be used in an electronic still camera comprises a rotatable shutter having shutter openings which are variable in size. The shutter is rotated by an electric motor in order to open and close intermittently an exposure aperture of the camera. A phase detector for detecting the phase of rotation of the shutter member provides a series of phase signal, and cooperates with a signal generator for generating stop signals in synchronism with the phase signals when a particular shutter speed is selected and a circuit for braking the motor to stop the shutter member. Responsive to the particular shutter speed selecting operation, the shutter opening is opened to its maximum size and the rotary shutter is simultaneously stopped quickly in position so as to open fully the exposure aperture of the camera.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for projecting a motion picture image on a screen that extends 360.degree. around the viewers, by moving a film past a slit through which light shines, forming an image of the slit on the screen, and rapidly revolving the slit image around the screen. The film moves rapidly enough to permit the projected slit image to rotate around the screen at a rate of at least about 50 rotations per second. The film, which moves continuously, can be free of sprocket holes and can be driven by a capstan drive, and the film can have a thickness less than half the thickness of present film stock so that a roll of film of moderate diameter can last several minutes.

Abstract: A method is described for producing and projecting a theater quality entertainment motion picture, by photographing and then projecting the motion picture on a screen, which creates an unusually vivid impression of realism. The film frames have a resolution of over 40 line pairs per milimeter, and each frame has an area of at least 0.36 square inch, which creates more than 10 million pixels per frame on the film and on the screen. The illumination level on the screen is at least 15 foot lamberts. The film frames are photographed and projected at a predetermined constant rate of more than 50 frames per second, such as 60 fps. The high resolution and light level, combined with the unusually high frame rate, has been found to produce an unusually vivid impression of realism.

Abstract: A method is described for producing and projecting a theater quality entertainment motion picture, by photographing and then projecting the motion picture on a screen, which creates an unusually vivid impression of realism. The film frames have a resolution of over 40 line pairs per milimeter, and each frame has an area of at least 0.36 square inch, which creates more then 10 million pixels per frame on the film and on the screen. The illumination level on the screen is at least 15 foot lamberts. The film frames are photographed and projected at a predetermined constant rate of more than 50 frames per second, such as 60 fps. The high resolution and light level, combined with the unusually high frame rate, has been found to produce an unusually vivid impression of realism.

Abstract: The disclosed film speed control system for high speed motion picture cameras includes an actual film speed signal source, a selected film speed signal source, a charge pump integrated circuit responsive to the actual film speed signal to produce an output signal linearly related to the actual film speed signal, and a comparing circuit for comparing the charge pump output signal with the selected film speed signal.

Abstract: In a sound motion picture camera which permits both sound filming and silent filming by selective use of a sound film cartridge and a silent film cartridge, utilization is made of only signals from loop detecting means for detecting variations in the length of a loop of sound film formed between the exposure station and the sound recording station of the camera during the use of the sound film cartridge, whereby during the use of the silent film cartridge, the film transport speed of a first film transport means for effecting film transport at the exposure station is automatically set to a first speed suited for use of the silent film cartridge and during the use of the sound film cartridge, the film transport speed of the first film transport means is changed over between a second speed higher than the film transport speed of a second film transport means for effecting film transport at the sound recording station and a third speed lower than the film transport speed of the second film transport means in acc

Abstract: A moving picture camera with interchangeable film magazine comprises in each magazine, a take-up roll on which is wound the exposed film, and an electric motor rotating this roll.A measuring device is provided for measuring the speed of rotation of the take-up roll and for delivering a first signal representing this speed of rotation. A computer circuit receiving at its inputs said signal and a signal representing the image cadence selected and another signal representing the desired tension for the film, delivers at its ouptut a signal representing the value of the intensity of the electric current supplied to the motor, so that the required mechanical power, in other words the useful electric power supplied by this motor, is constant, for a selected image cadence and a desired film tension.

Abstract: A motion picture camera has a film receiving chamber with an image recording location and a sound recording location. When a sound film is loaded, it is guided to through both locations whereas when a silent film is loaded, it is guided through only the image recording location. A first film feed device and a second film feed device are provided; the first of which transports the film at the image recording location intermittently and the second film feed device transports the film at the sound recording location at a substantially constant speed. Apparatus are provided to detect disorder or abnormal change in operations of the camera and to stop the motion of the camera when such change occurs.

Abstract: A device for driving the claw shaft of a motion picture camera, comprises an electric motor coupled to the claw shaft itself connected to said claw by a mechanism of the crank-connecting rod system type, for converting the movement of rotation of the electric motor into a movement of reciprocating translation.Means are provided for modulating the speed of rotation of the claw shaft as a function of the angle of rotation thereof with respect to a reference position, so that the speed of the claw at the moment of its engagement in a perforation of the film is as low as possible and that this speed then increases, during the descent of the film, according to a law such that the acceleration communicated to the film causes only a minimum stress exerted on said latter.

Abstract: An improved intermittent drive for a motion picture film projector having a film gate, condenser lens, light source and shutter means is provided by a relatively large sprocket wheel having forty sprocket teeth with 12 to 14 teeth engaging the film at the sprocket holes. This sprocket wheel is driven by a servo motor capable of rapid start and stop and high-speed motion under electronic control. The sprocket wheel supports the film between the film gate aperture (light gate) and the condenser lens. The sprocket wheel is of sufficiently large diameter so as to provide a circumferential curvature that does not appreciably change the vertical plane of a single frame of film thereon.

Abstract: A motion-picture camera switchable to long-term exposure, in the presence of insufficient illumination for normal filming, has a photodetector which in the long-term mode controls a timing circuit measuring the length of an exposure period during which the camera shutter is arrested in an unblocking position, that period varying inversely with the detected intensity of incident light. In order to provide a fade-out effect at the end of a scene taken in this manner, the exposure period is progressively shortened--or the diaphragm aperture is progressively reduced--in discrete steps during successive shutter cycles to substantially complete cutoff. For fade-in at the beginning of a scene filmed with long-term exposure, the opposite procedure is followed.

Abstract: A transport mechanism for the advance of a motion-picture film in a camera is controlled by a photometric circuit to stop the advance of the film for a predetermined number of shutter revolutions, in the event of insufficient lighting, whereby each frame is exposed a number of times depending upon luminous intensity. The photometric circuit includes a photosensor periodically illuminated by a reflective shutter surface; the resulting voltage pulses may be fed to a pulse counter, which reactivates the transport mechanism after a manually or automatically selected number of cycles, or may charge a capacitor to trigger a threshold sensor after a sufficiently long cumulative exposure. A servomotor for the control of an iris diaphragm ahead of the shutter is controlled by the photometric circuit to reduce the incident light, under conditions of nearly sufficient illumination, to prevent overexposure of a frame due to successive exposures at full aperture.

Abstract: The TV-cine conversion projector adapted to carry out the ordinary film projection of the projector at the feeding rate of the film frames of substantially 24 frames/sec. and 18 frames/sec., while, in cooperation with a TV camera tube such as a vidicon, it can convert the projected images of the film at the feeding rate of the film frames of substantially 24 frames/sec. and 18 frames/sec. into TV pictures scanned at the scanning rate of 60 fields/sec. or 50 fields/sec. comprises a main shaft driven at a constant speed, a sound sprocket driven by the driving shaft for rotation at a speed corresponding to the rate of intermittent feeding of the film, a shutter driven by the main shaft for synchronizing the rate of interruption of the projection light with the actuation of an intermittent film feeding claw driven by the driving shaft at a speed of substantially 24 frames/sec.

Abstract: A projector for motion picture film includes a servo motor which is controlled to advance film frame by frame to a projection station. A capstan on each side of the projection station is controlled to maintain film loops of substantially constant size and an associated reel motor delivers film to and takes film from each capstan. Each associated capstan and reel motor are controlled so as to maintain substantially constant tension on the film. A film guide defines the projection station and also includes provision for masking peripheral areas of each frame. Each capstan and an associated pinch roller are designed so as to eliminate creeping of film from between the two. A circuit for controlling the reel motors is arranged to permit fast winding of film directly from one reel to the other with an automatic braking feature.

Abstract: A film projector system including a sealed film cassette removeably mounted ithin an aperture in the projector and driving means in said projector mechanically engaging coupling means extending through said cassette for driving the sealed film between hubs sealed in said cassette intermittently past a film projection location in said cassette and continuously past a sound detection location therein, with the projection plane of the film at said projector locations being disposed normal to the projector optical projection optical sound beams and twisted ninety degrees with respect to the plane of that portion of the film wound on said hubs so that the projector beams do not pass between the film hubs.

Abstract: In a sound motion picture camera of the type adapted for selective use of a sound magazine and a silent magazine and having separate drives for intermittent advancement and constant-speed transport of the film respectively on an exposure station and a sound recording station, the speed of rotation of a motor for the intermittent film drive is adjusted in accordance with the preselected value of picture frame speed when the used magazine is of the silent type, and varied as taking either of two discrete values faster and slower than the normal picture frame speed, depending upon whether a slack loop of the film formed between the exposure station and the sound recording station is decreased or increased from the predetermined length thereof, when the used magazine is of the sound type.

Abstract: A motion picture camera which can use a cartridge for film having a sound track includes sound recording means and a mechanism which actuates and releases the sound recording means to an operative state and to an inoperative state, respectively, in response to an actuation and a release of a shutter release member. All such parts which are needed to engage a film are arranged in a cartridge chamber defined in the camera housing so that the operator enables to readily insert a cartridge into the chamber so long as the sound recording means are set to their inoperative position.

Abstract: A motion picture projector having various functions such as, projecting and rewinding, all of which can be selectively performed by a single control knob, and including an intermittent-drive film advancing mechanism which comprises a pull-down structure, a compound cam of an up-and-down cam wheel and an in-and-out cam disk, and first and second cam followers arranged between the pull-down structure and the compound cam to be consecutively operated so that the pull-down claw enters the perforations of the film and moves it in a forward direction always by the length of a frame and at a desired frequency through a film gate mechanism. The film gate mechanism consists of a film guideway, a resilient thin aperture plate self-biased to move away from the film guideway and defining an actual projection aperture, and a movable film gate member arranged on the opposite side of the aperture plate from the guideway and biased to urge the aperture plate for guidance and support of the film against the guideway.

Abstract: A control mechanism for the pull-down pawl of a projector, for the projection of films with different frame frequencies, comprises a pot-shaped worm gear and a control drum coaxial with and connected thereto for rotation therewith, movable in axial direction relative thereto and arrestable against a force of biasing means in one of a plurality of selected positions. The control drum is provided on its periphery with a plurality of different cam curves and a pin, movable in a direction normal to the axis of the control drum, engages with one a cam curve, brought in a selected position of the drum in alignment therewith, while the other end of the pin cooperates with a pull-down pawl to move an end of the latter into and out of perforations of the film. The worm gear meshes with a worm driven by a shaft carrying a cam engaged by a cam follower connected to the pull-down pawl to move the latter along a feed stroke when the end of the pull-down pawl is engaged in one of the film perforations.

Abstract: A control for varying the speed of advancement of film is described for use in a film projector in which the film is advanced by a shuttle tooth which engages perforations in the film and advances the film along a path between a light source and a projector aperture. The control includes a rotary shutter assembly having one or more shutter blades for interrupting the light from the light source. As the shutter assembly rotates, the shuttle tooth is reciprocated in the direction of film feed by a rotary cam having one or more cam lobes mechanically coupled to the shuttle tooth. The rotation of the cam lobes is synchronized to the rotation of the shutter blades such that the shuttle tooth is positioned for engagement with the perforations associated with the next successive film frame to be projected whenever a shutter blade interrupts the light source.

Abstract: A system for controlling development conditions under which an exposed film strip is processed with a compact multi-purpose film handling cartridge. The film cartridge which is adapted to be mounted in a motion picture camera and projector employing the system of the invention and including motor drive means contains a strip of film, a processing station, film advance means engaging said drive means when the cartridge is mounted in said camera or projector, and an applicator containing development chemicals positioned in said processing station to be brought into operable relationship with the film strip when said processing station is rendered operable, thereby they are expressed onto the film strip from the applicator while said film strip is being advanced.

Abstract: A motion picture camera having a film transport mechanism driven by an electric motor having an electronic speed control circuit which may be controlled by the camera operator so as to modify the speed of the motor and consequently the film transport velocity for the selection of various picture frequencies or frames per unit of time both above and below a normal picture frequency for normal shooting thereby permitting both time lapse and slow motion photography during use, the motor speed control circuit permitting the motor to be returned to its normal film speed automatically, together with an automatic aperture control circuit and a picture frequency indicator which may be observed by the operator during the operation of the camera.

Abstract: A motion picture film and sound editing-projecting system which utilizes a single sprocket wheel to advance the film and which includes record and reproduce heads within the sprocket wheel. The sprocket wheel is directly connected to the armature shaft of a stepping motor, and a flywheel is frictionally coupled to the armature shaft to eliminate the cogging effect without preventing rapid acceleration.

Abstract: A motion picture projector having an improved electric transport system for incrementally advancing film through a light gate. A constant, but adjustable, velocity rotating shutter periodically interrupts the projected picture to permit advancing the film through the light gate to the next frame. As the shutter moves to a position blocking the projected picture, a shutter position detector generates a signal for triggering a control circuit which drives an electric servomotor to rotate a film drive sprocket. The servomotor is driven to rotate the sprocket to advance the film one frame and then to hold the sprocket in a fixed position to prevent any motion of the film while the picture is projected. Power is applied from a non-linear control circuit to the servomotor. Error signals applied to the servomotor are of a peak magnitude when the servomotor is stopped with the film framed in the light gate so that small position errors drive the servomotor to the desired position with a maximum torque.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motion picture projection apparatus with film feeding speed changing apparatus which is characterized in that the apparatus presents a driving motor for rotating the first pulley member on which at least more than two pulley parts to be used in accordance with the projection speed are formed and a film feeding apparatus to be operated in cooperation with the second pulley on which at least more than three pulley parts have diameters which are different from each other. This is done in such a manner that a different pulley part is used even for the same film speed in accordance with the frequencies of the current source.

Abstract: A cine camera with an exposure regulating device for regulating the aperture during operation with a continuously driven shutter and having means for stopping the rotation of the shutter in an open position to provide long exposures. The means for stopping the rotation of the shutter for long exposures operates automatically when the maximum available aperture is inadequate to provide correct exposure when the shutter is driven continuously.

Abstract: The housing of a motion-picture camera has a cassette-receiving space into which at least one feeler projects to detect the insertion of a sound-film cassette differing in shape from a silent-film cassette. With both types of cassettes the film is intermittently transported past an image gate by a traction claw; in the case of a sound-film cassette a portion of the film downstream of the image window is accessible for engagement by a constant-speed feeder in the vicinity of a sound-recording head. The feed rate of the traction claw is stabilized by a centrifugal governor in the presence of a silent-film cassette; upon sensing a sound-film cassette, the feeler deactivates the governor and synchronizes the claw drive with the constant-speed feeder under the control of a mechanism, such as a loop detector, which measures the length of film between the image gate and the recording head.

Abstract: A filming camera having a synchronous sound recording of the type in which the film is driven by a claw undergoing a reciprocating movement produced by a motor and, downstream of the claw, by a capstan driven by a second motor, wherein the claw motor has a constant speed and the capstan motor speed is variable and means are provided to make the average speed of said capstan motor a determined function of the claw motor speed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a recording- or reproducing apparatus for a strip-type information carrier having different operating modes and comprising an intermittent drive mechanism including a cam device rotatable about at least one axis. A carrier is movable relative to the cam device and has at least two positions corresponding to different operating modes; at least two cam followers are provided for engagement with the cam device. The cam followers are arranged in spaced relation on the carrier, each cam follower having an operative and at least one inoperative position in dependence on the position of the carrier. The respective cam follower transmits movement from the cam device for the intermittent drive of the information carrier only in its operative position. The apparatus further comprises a mode control device which is operatively connected to the carrier and controls the positions thereof.